Conference Session

Design in Freshman and Sophomore Courses

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Madiha Khurshid, University of Calgary; Marjan Eggermont, University of Calgary; Daryl Caswell, University of Calgary

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

years.We will have statistical data at the time of the paper presentation. Over 400 individuals will have Page 14.27.13responded to the survey at that time.Page 14.27.14Bibliography1. Spacebox, , (current Jan. 14, 2009)2. .. Committee to End Homelessness, “..’s 10 Year Plan to End Homelessness” 2008, McAra Printing 2008, pp.16-17.3. Inhabitat, ,(current Jan. 14, 2009).4. Tempohousing, , (current Jan. 14, 2009).5. Mocoloco, , (current Jan. 14, 2009).6. Equity Green, , (current Jan. 14, 2009).7. Container City, ,(current Jan. 23, 2009). Page

Conference Session

Innovative Teaching Strategies in Engineering Graphics

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Johnson, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

being beneficial. These results were used to facilitate adiscussion regarding the importance of design intent in modern CAD modeling and productdevelopment environments. Page 14.421.8References1 D. A. Field, "Education and Training for CAD in the Auto Industry," Computer-Aided Design 36 (14), 1431-1437 (2004).2 S. D. Eppinger and A. R. Chitkara, "The New Practice of Global Product Development," MIT Sloan Management Review 47 (4), 22-30 (2006).3 B. Caldwell and G. M. Mocko, "Ttite," in ASME 2008 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences & Computers and Information in Engineering Conferences

Conference Session

New Trends in Graduate Engineering Education

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Thomas Descoteaux, Norwich University; David Muckerman, CH2M HIll; Scott Sabol, Vermont Technical College

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

Students Wanting to Send theirChildren to Norwich University’s Undergraduate ProgramParents can have a large impact on the undergraduate school choice of their children. Mostcolleges and universities stress the importance of a campus visit, often because it is a majorselling point for the institution. For distance-learning students with children heading to atraditional residential college, the opportunity to get the parent(s) on campus is invaluable.There can be a significant amount of time available for campus exploration (compared to thetypical one-hour campus tour provided by most admissions offices) and there are opportunitiesfor detailed discussions about the undergraduate program with the staff and faculty who areavailable during

Conference Session

Project-Based Learning in ECE Education

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stuart Wentworth, Auburn University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

tested. Towards the end of the semester, student teams work on design projects to enhancetheir radio performance. Compared to a previous version of the lab where a kit radio wasassembled, students in the new lab appear to gain a more thorough understanding of radiooperation. They certainly have a greater appreciation of PSpice.Based on the performance of the radios, results of design projects, and student feedback, it isanticipated that this lab will continue to evolve and improve.References1. T. Roppel, J. Y. Hung, S. W. Wentworth, and A.S. Hodel, “An Interdisciplinary Laboratory Sequence in Electrical and Computer Engineering: Curriculum Design and Assessment Results,” IEEE Transactions on Education, Vol. 43, No. 2, pp. 143-152, May

Conference Session

Innovations in ECE Education I

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mohamed Omer, Pennsylvania State University, Harrisburg; Peter Idowu, Pennsylvania State University, Harrisburg

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

for educational use.16Bibliography1. P. Idowu, M. Omer, “Visual Learning Tool for Presentation of the Economic Dispatch Topic,” 2008 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition, June 2008.2. MATLAB® The MathWorks, Inc. 3 Apple Hill Drive, Natick, MA 01760-2098.3. P. Saur, G.T. Heydt, and V. Vittal, “The state of electric power engineering education.” IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol.19, pp.5-8, Feb. 2004.4. B. Corderoy, G. Karady, and T. Papazoglou, “Electric power engineering education.” ELECTRA, no. 192, pp. 18-22, Oct. 2000.5. S. N. Singh, “Challenges and initiatives in power engineering education,” IEEE Computer Appl. Power, vol. 14, pp. 36-14, Apr. 2001.6. M. Kezunovic, A. Abur, G. Huang, A. Bose, K

Conference Session

Panel: Effecting Change in Higher Education

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Priscilla Nelson, New Jersey Institute of Technology; Theresa Hunt, New Jersey Institute of Technology; Cherrice Traver, Union College; Pamela Eibeck, Texas Tech; Zulma Toro-Ramos, Wichita State University; Cheryl Schrader, Boise State University; Mary Roth, Lafayette College; delcie durham, University of South Florida

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

Conference Session

Laboratories in Electrical and Computer Engineering Technology

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Carl Spezia, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

must enter their name to select a test. The software verifies that a student has nottaken a test previously to prevent duplicate testing. After a student loads a test, control buttonsactivate, allowing the student to proceed. The test program displays questions and automaticallyscores them as a student enters responses. A student selects an answer using a radio buttonarray. Pressing a “Check Answer” button determines if s/he has picked correctly. An indicatorlight glows next to the answer if the selection is correct. A dialog box appears if the selected Page 14.748.6response is incorrect, and prompts a student to pick again. Only the first

Conference Session

Capstone Design II

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John K. Estell, Ohio Northern University; Juliet Hurtig, Ohio Northern University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

Criterion 5 states that “[s]tudents must be prepared for engineering practice througha curriculum culminating in a major design experience based on the knowledge and skillsacquired in earlier course work and incorporating appropriate engineering standards and multiplerealistic constraints.” However, the definition of what constitutes an “appropriate engineeringstandard” has been subjected to various interpretations, both wide and narrow. Arguments havebeen made that all capstone design projects must include engineering standards from theappropriate professional society: IEEE Standards for electrical and computer engineers, ASMEStandards for mechanical engineers, and so on. However, members of the educationalcommunity have objected to this approach

Conference Session

Meeting the Needs of Engineering Faculty, Researchers, and Students

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Patricia Kirkwood, University of Arkansas

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Libraries

most cited but “percentage[s] ranged from a lowof 26% in civil engineering to a high of 58% in agricultural and biological engineering.” Closeto 25% of the resources used by graduate students were not traditionally available in universityand college libraries general collections. These resources include standards, technical reports,government documents and web resources defined as grey literature by Thompson. Civil Page 14.1320.3engineers are especially strong in the use of this grey literature with over 41% of their citationsreferring to resources outside the more traditional university library resources. The Mississippifindings as well as

Conference Session

Topics in Engineering Ethics IV

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brent Nelson, Northern Arizona University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

).15 J Benyus, Biomimicry: innovation inspired by nature. (HarperCollins, New York, 1997).16 S Vogel, Cats' Paws and Catapults. (W.W. Norton & Company, New York, 1998).17 I. Ajzen and M. Fishbein, "Attitude-Behavior Relations - Theoretical-Analysis and Review of Empirical- Research," Psychological Bulletin 84 (5), 888-918 (1977). Page 14.1221.718 R. E. Dunlap and K. D. Vanliere, "New Environmental Paradigm," Journal of Environmental Education 9 (4), 10-19 (1978).AppendixPlease list your priorities and considerations when designing a system or device. Please do notmodify your answers after you

Conference Session

Starting the Last Day with New Ideas

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Natarajan Gautam, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Industrial Engineering

other things.The down side is that students would never learn from the mistakes, in fact they would not evenrealize they made a mistake punching something on the calculator. This is an important aspect,but when calculators were first allowed (replacing slide rules and logarithmic tables), there wereperhaps such similar arguments!Bibliography1. G. Moses, B. Ingham, K. Barnicle, J. Blanchard, J. Cheetham, S. Courter, E. DeVos, M. Immendorf, M.Litzkow, G. Svarovsky and A.Wolf, “Effective Teaching with Technology”, 36th ASEE/IEEE Frontiers in EducationConference (session T1G), 2006.2. R.E. Walpole, R.H. Myers, S.L. Myers and K. Ye, “Probability & Statistics for Engineers & Scientists”, 7thedition, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ

Conference Session

Robot Mania in Precollegiate Engineering Education

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Linda Hirsch, New Jersey Institute of Technology; John Carpinelli, New Jersey Institute of Technology; Howard Kimmel, New Jersey Institute of Technology; Ronald Rockland, New Jersey Institute of Technology; Levelle Burr-Alexander, New Jersey Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

AC 2009-193: THE IMPACT OF INTRODUCING ROBOTICS IN MIDDLE- ANDHIGH-SCHOOL SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS CLASSROOMSLinda Hirsch, New Jersey Institute of Technology LINDA S. HIRSCH is the Program Evaluator in the Center for Pre-College programs. She has a doctoral degree in educational psychology with a specialty in psychometrics and a Masters degree in statistics. She has been involved in all aspects of educational and psychological research for 15 years. Dr. Hirsch has extensive experience conducting longitudinal research studies and is proficient in database management, experimental design, instrument development, psychometrics and statistical programming.John Carpinelli, New Jersey Institute of

Conference Session

Technical-Capacity Building & Exporting of Higher Education to Developing Countries

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Russel Jones, World Expertise LLC

Tagged Divisions

International

, “Failure of George Mason U.’s Persian Gulf Campus Sparks Concern About Overseas Ventures”, Chronicle of Higher Education, 6 March 2009. Page 14.318.9

Conference Session

Engineering Management Program Design

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kathryn Abel, Stevens Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

already have displays of themeaningful results. Thus, this new Continuous Improvement section is the main taskdaunting their upcoming reaccreditation cycle. There are many assessment methods usedin order to be accredited under EC 2000 and many varied forms have been displayedsince it began. This paper shows a few examples of the ways assessment concepts anddata are used and implemented by the Engineering Management Program at StevensInstitute of Technology to show continuous improvement.An online assessment system was adopted by Stevens Institute of Technology in the late1990’s to stream line the majority of the engineering department’s assessment datacollection and display the majority of its data in one easily accessible location. Thissystem

Conference Session

Mentoring Graduate Students

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tonya Saddler, Northwestern University; Elizabeth Creamer, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

X X 3. Importance of External X X X X X X X Funding Note. X indicates participant offering comment related to theme. –Indicates participant feeling unprepared in area (e.g., how to write grants to secure external funding)Page 14.1064.9 References___________________________1. Duderstadt, J. J. (2001). Preparing future faculty for future universities. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Association of Colleges and Universities. New Orleans, LA.2. Gaff, J. G., Pruitt-Logan, A. S., Sims, L. B., & Denecke, D. D. (2003). Preparing future faculty in the humanities

Conference Session

Issues of Persistence in Engineering

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Peggy Meszaros, Virginia Tech; Catherine Amelink, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

AC 2009-213: A CROSS-INSTITUTIONAL COMPARISON OF EDUCATIONALFACTORS PROMOTING OR DISCOURAGING THE INTENT TO REMAIN INENGINEERINGPeggy Meszaros, Virginia Tech Peggy S. Meszaros is the William E. Lavery Professor of Human Development and Director of the research Center for Information Technology Impacts on Children, Youth, and Families at Virginia Tech.Catherine Amelink, Virginia Tech Catherine serves as the Assessment Coordinator for the Division of Student Affairs at Virginia Tech. Page 14.23.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009 A Cross-Institutional Comparison of Educational

Conference Session

Manufacturing Division Poster Session

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Dave Kim, Washington State University, Vancouver; Yongha Kim, Washington State University, Vancouver

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

Page 14.664.9initial production run. Quality standard for the product should be well established. 8Assessment tools should be carefully designed to probe for evidence of intended studentlearning outcomes.5. References[1] Shingo, S., 1987. The Sayings of Shigeo Shingo: Key Strategies for PlantImprovement. Productivity Press, Cambridge, MA.[2] Black, J.T., Hunter, S.L., 2003. Lean Manufacturing Systems and Cell Design.Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI.[3] Conner, G., 2001. Lean Manufacturing for the Small Shop. Society of ManufacturingEngineers, Dearborn, MI.[4] Jordan, J.A., Jr., Michel, F.J., 1999. Valuing Lean Manufacturing Initiatives. Societyof Manufacturing Engineers Technical Paper

Conference Session

Freshman Experience in Engineering Technology

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Janet Meyer, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis; Stephen Hundley, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis; H. Oner Yurtseven, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

in an engineeringor technology major, but, ultimately, in whatever field-of-study they ultimately pursue.References1. Huber, M.T., Hutchings, P., and Gale, R. (2005). Integrative learning for liberal education. Peer review 7 (4): 4-7.2. Association of American Colleges and Universities (2002). Greater expectations: A new vision for learning as a nation goes to college. Washington, DC: Association of American Colleges and Universities.3. American Institutes for Research (2006). The national survey of America’s college students. Washington, DC: American Institutes for Research.4. Bloom B. S. (1956). Taxonomy of educational objectives, handbook I: The cognitive domain. New York: David McKay Co., Inc.5. Tinto, V. (1987

Conference Session

The Role of Engineering in Public Policy

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Elizabeth Cady, National Academy of Engineering; Norman Fortenberry, National Academy of Engineering

Tagged Divisions

Engineering and Public Policy

with media characters. In Psychology of Entertainment, J. Bryant and P. Vorderer, Editors. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates: Mahwah, NJ. p. 183-197. Page 14.449.64. Trepte, S. (2006) Social identity theory. In Psychology of Entertainment, J. Bryant and P. Vorderer, Editors. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates: Mahwah, NJ. p. 255-271.5. Harris, R.J., Cady, E.T., & Tran, T.Q. (2006) Comprehension and memory. In Psychology of Entertainment, J. Bryant and P. Vorderer, Editors. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates: Mahwah, NJ. p. 71-84.6. Baber, T. & Fortenberry, N.L. (2008) Engineering and the media: Building a new

Conference Session

Emerging Issues in Materials Education

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Diane Folz, Virginia Tech; Christine Burgoyne, Virginia Tech; Janis Terpenny, Virginia Tech; Richard Goff, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Materials

Learning through Inquiry: AGuidebook for Institutions and Instructors, edited by V. S. Lee (Stylus Publishing, Sterling, VA, 2004). Page 14.1017.10

Conference Session

Manufacturing Education Curriculum

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Arif Sirinterlikci, Robert Morris University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

lawsuit by filing a complaint Victim – one that is injured or killed under any of various conditions o Class Action Movie Report #2 Class action was a movie based around a car company, Argo Motors, and the “class action lawsuit” they faced. They were allegedly producing cars, particularly the 1985 Meridian station wagon that would explode on impact and severely injury the car’s occupants. The movie was written around two lawyers, father and daughter, who happened to be on opposing sides of the lawsuit. The movie did an excellent job showing how personal relationships can interfere in court proceedings. The lawsuit was set up as a contingency case where the “plaintiff”s may not receive money for

Conference Session

New Learning Paradigms II

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gymama Slaughter, Virginia State University; Toni Harris, Virginia State University; Kabongo Ngandu, Virginia State University; Keith Williamson, Virginia State University; Kwame Adom, Virginia State University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

Social Cognitive Construct validation: Determining Women andMen’s Success in Engineering Programs,” Journal of Higher Education, 78 (3), 336-364, 2007.[7] Vogt, C., “An Account of Women’s progress in engineering: A Social Cognitive Perspective,” Journal ofWomen and Minorities in Sciences and Engineering, 9 (3/4), 217-238, 2003.[8] Crockett, D. S., “Academic advising: A cornerstone of student retention,” New Directions for Student Services,1978 (3), 29 – 35, 2006. Page 14.1290.7

Conference Session

Innovations in ECE Education II

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Amendra Koul, Missouri University of Science and Technology; Keith Hoover, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Vysakh Sivarajan, Missouri University of Science and Technology; JianJian Song, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Edward Wheeler, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; James Drewniak, Missouri University of Science and Technology

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

interests include electromagnetic compatibility, signal integrity, microelectromechanical systems, and the electrical and magnetic properties of materials.James Drewniak, Missouri University of Science and Technology James L. Drewniak (S’85-M’90-SM’01-Fellow’07) received B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 1985, 1987, and Page 14.463.1 1991, respectively. He joined the Electrical Engineering Department at the University of Missouri-Rolla in 1991 where he is one of the principle faculty in the Electromagnetic

Conference Session

Sustainable and Urban Development

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sharon deMonsabert, George Mason University; Laura Miller, George Mason University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

Page 14.660.3way as a project scope document, outlining the development program, and providing detailedrequirements and deliverables for submission deadlines at 15%, 50%, 90%, and 100%. Studentsdid not receive grades at these milestone submissions. Instead, a detailed technical review of theplans for engineering content and compliance with code and course requirements is conducted,and students receive comments, which must be incorporated into the design for the followingsubmission(s). Students have the option to decline to comply with a comment, but must thendefend their designs and decisions with code references and sound engineering judgment.Students were required to work with each other as a team, and with other stakeholders to developthe

Conference Session

Engineering Education in India, Central and Eastern Asia

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert Creese, West Virginia University; M. Adithan, Vellore Institue of Technology

Tagged Divisions

International

, “Engineering Education Excellence: Start-up to Number One,” Proceedings of the 2008 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition, 2008, American Society for Engineering Education. 2. B. Eswaramoorthy, “The Life History of G. Viswanathan”, Arivu Pathippagam, Chennai, India, 2008. 3. Kadhambari S. Viswanathan, “My Grandpa”, MWN Press, Chennai, India, 2003 4. G. Viswanathan, “Higher Education Development: Strategies and Related Thinking”, Beijing, China, 2008. 5. G. Viswanathan, “Co-creation Roadmap for Building Competency, Capacity and Capability: VIT University – A Case Study”, Chennai, India, 2008

Conference Session

New Research and Trends Related to Minorities in Engineering

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Abhijit Nagchaudhuri, University of Maryland, Eastern Shore; Adam Morris, University of Maryland, Eastern Shore; Madhumi Mitra, University of Maryland, Eastern Shore; Xavier Henry, University of Maryland, Eastern Shore

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

", Proceedings of 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE'06), , November 5-10, Chicago, IL., 2006 4. Nagchaudhuri, A., Mitra, M., Stoakley, R., Turner, T., Cherinet, S., Ladd, G., Chalyam, H., Hartman, C., Burrow- Mcelwain, J, “Rich Learning Experiences for Minority Undergraduate Students Through Inquiry based Project Activities in the Field and Page 14.1059.9 Laboratory Settings”, Proceedings of 2007 Annual Conference of American Society for Engineering Education,June 24-27, Honolulu, Hawaii, 2007.5. Nagchaudhuri, A., Mitra, M., Daughtry, C., Marsh, L., Earl, T.J, and Schwarz

Conference Session

Innovation in Teaching Engineering Economics

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

J. Cunha, University of Alberta

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Economy

36101, presented at the IV SPE Latin America and Caribbean Petroleum Engineering Conference, Port-of-Spain, Trinidad & Tobago, 23-25 April, 1995.11. Skates, J.: “Risked Reserve Estimates for Complex Prospects,” paper SPE 80436, presented at the SPE Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition, 9-11 September, 2003, Jakarta, Indonesia.12. Newendorp, P. and Schuyler, J.: “Decision Analysis for Petroleum Exploration,” 2nd Edition, Planning Press, Aurora, Colorado, USA, ISBN: 0-9664401-1-0.13. Ryan, S. M. et al: “The Engineering Learning Portal for Problem Solving: Experience in a Large Engineering Economy Class.” The Engineering Economist, 49: 1-19, 2004.14. Lee, W. John, et al.: “Petroleum Engineering Education: The Road

Conference Session

Tricks of the Trade for Teaching I

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Chesney, University of Michigan

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

material.However, story-telling can often be used to complement, rather than detract from, the coursecontent that we are attempting to communicate to the students.When you have time, ask me about ‘The Legend of the Pink Pearl’. It is a very good story!References[1] Singh, S. The Code Book: The Evolution of Secrecy from Mary, Queen of Scots to Quantum Cryptography.Doubleday Publisher, 1999.[2] Wingfield, R. Narration of the Last Days of the Queen of Scots.[3] Felder, R., and Brent, R. Effective Teaching: A Workshop. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 10-11March, 2000.[4] Durant, R. You Mean the World to Me: Story Telling and Leader Listening in Organizational Learning. Ph.D

Conference Session

Manufacturing Laboratory Experience

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert LeMaster, University of Tennessee-Martin; David Farrow, University of Tennessee-Martin

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

exposestudents to a layer of system complexity not currently available. This could be accomplishedwith a minimum of hardware and cost.Having a second robot of the same (or similar) size as the current one would also enhance the labactivities in that students could gain experience in safely coordinating two robotic arms.Combining some grant proposal writing and contacting used robot vendors could be a way topursue this, barring another generous donation from industry.Having students design and implement a workcell for the existing industrial robot that performs aspecific task(s) would be yet another way to expand the automation lab capabilities on a limitedbudget, just as past expansions based on student projects have been.All of these potential

Conference Session

Mathematics in Transition

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Josue Njock-Libii, Indiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

the Motion of Pendulums,” Cambridge Philosophical Transactions, IX, 8, 1851. 2. Fox, Robert W., McDonald, Alan T., and Pritchard, Philip J., Introduction to Fluid Mechanics, sixth edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2004. 433- 447. 3. Zhang S. and Jin, J. Computation of Special Functions, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1996. 4. Carlson, B. C. Special Functions of Applied Mathematics, Academic Press, New York, 1977. 5. Temme, N. M. Special Functions, John Wiley, New York, 1996 6. Knacke, T. W. Parachute Recovery Systems and Design Manual 7. Richard Nakka’s Experimental rocketry website, http://members.aol.com/ricnakk/paracon.html 8. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_15,_Return_to_Earth 9. http