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Displaying results 8851 - 8880 of 11454 in total
Conference Session
Multidisciplinary Curriculum Innovation
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Michael Ciaraldi, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; David Cyganski, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Michael Gennert, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Michael Demetriou; Fred Looft; William Michalson, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Bradley Miller, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Eben Cobb, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Lance Schachterle, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Kenneth Stafford, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Yiming Rong, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Gretar Tryggvason, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; James Van de Ven, Worcester Polytechnic Institute
Tagged Divisions
Multidisciplinary Engineering
leadership roles in the industry. Thus,the program objectives are to educate men and women to: • Have a basic understanding of the fundamentals of Computer Science, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Systems Engineering. • Apply these abstract concepts and practical skills to design and construct robots and robotic systems for diverse applications. • Have the imagination to see how robotics can be used to improve society and the entrepreneurial background and spirit to make their ideas become reality. • Demonstrate the ethical behavior and standards expected of responsible professionals functioning in a diverse society.Thus, the program tackles head-on the challenges of providing
Conference Session
Emerging Issues in Engineering Education Research and Pedagogy
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Maura Borrego, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Lynita Newswander, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
Tagged Divisions
Educational Research and Methods
it to meet the needs of students at anumber of levels. In a journal club, “[a]t its best, the larger scientific community reinforces and extends the development of scientific values that is the most important product of graduate education. Through its various activities and discussions, members of the [journal club] express a set of standards for the quality of scientific inquiry, for what constitutes an interesting problem, for … rigor, and for ethical … behavior that becomes the foundation for a future…career.”9 Page 13.822.3We suggest that the same benefits may be found in engineering journal clubs
Conference Session
Opportunities for Entrepreneurship Programs and Program Assessment
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
James Green, University of Maryland; Georgina Johnston, University of Maryland
Tagged Divisions
Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation
measurement system. 1. Mission: To foster an entrepreneurial spirit, create a sense of community and cooperation, and develop ethical leaders. 2. Vision: To unify and invigorate campus entrepreneurial efforts by creating a multidisciplinary environment where students can develop into the business leaders of tomorrow who will infuse the economy through thriving new ventures 3. Goals: To prepare select University of Maryland undergraduates for entry into the entrepreneurial community by developing their entrepreneurial mindsets and functional skill sets to succeed as leaders. 4. Activities: (1) Living – Residence within the Program and community building activities (social & philanthropic) to connect and engage
Conference Session
Challenges of CE Education in a Global World
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Stephen Ressler, United States Military Academy; C. Conley; Richard Gash, United States Military Academy
Tagged Divisions
Civil Engineering
language—English, French, German,or Turkish—with over half of the cadets in a typical class taking English. The remaining 15courses constitute a major in one of four academic disciplines—civil engineering, informationtechnology, law and political science, or English. Each major provides for the development ofintellectual depth in a subject area deemed to be of importance to the future of Afghanistan. CADET BASIC TRAINING Afghan, Regional, Information Pre-Calculus & Ethics, Moral Intro to the Military1 Foreign Language Composition & Islamic Culture Technology Modeling Theory & Islam
Conference Session
1553 FPD3 - Computer & Programming Tools in First Year Instruction
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Jess Everett, Rowan University; John Chen, Rowan University; Stephanie Farrell, Rowan University; Jennifer Kadlowec, Rowan University
Tagged Divisions
First-Year Programs
150-minute laboratory session each week. Students from all four disciplines are mixed insections of approximately 20 students each. The course serves as both an introduction to collegeand an introduction to engineering. Lectures focus on survival skills and other topics importantto freshman engineers, such as note taking, problem solving, engineering estimation, significantfigures, professionalism and ethics. Approximately eight of the laboratory sessions are devotedto open-ended project-based learning used to reinforce lecture topics. The rest are used forexams, to view and discuss videos, etc.Freshman Clinic I is additionally designated as a “Rowan Seminar” course. Rowan Seminarclasses are university-wide courses designed to help freshmen
Conference Session
Civil Engineering Teaching Part Three
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Thorsten Wagener, Pennsylvania State University; Sarah Zappe, Pennsylvania State University
Tagged Divisions
Civil Engineering
positiveimpact on student learning due to the closer link between the course material and real-worldexamples.IntroductionHydrology has evolved from a mainly problem driven, applied engineering discipline to one ofthe building blocks of the geosciences and environmental sciences. Hydrology deals withwatersheds (or units at other scales) as complex environmental systems without losing its focuson real world applications. The complexity of hydrologic investigations has increased over timebecause of the necessary inclusion of chemical and biological aspects of the hydrological cycleto address topics such as water quality and ecosystem function, as well as a need for awarenessfor social and ethical issues related to water. At the same time, climate and land
Conference Session
Novel Courses and Content for ChEs II
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Margot Vigeant, Bucknell University; James Maneval, Bucknell University; Michael Prince, Bucknell University; Michael Hanyak, Bucknell University; William Snyder, Bucknell University
Tagged Divisions
Chemical Engineering
, incorporating economics, process simulation, control, Proceedings of the 2008 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright © 2008, American Society for Engineering Educationtransport, material and energy balances, thermodynamics, safety, and ethics (among otherelements). Due to the scope and scale of these projects, they are generally completedthrough calculation and simulation only.Senior design at Bucknell University is a two-semester sequence composed of two four-credit courses. In this paper, we describe how we moved from the traditional seniordesign sequence, in which both semesters focused on a single simulation-based design ofa styrene plant for a simulated company to one
Conference Session
Recruitment and Retention
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Carol Gattis, University of Arkansas; Shannon Davis, University of Arkansas; Bryan Hill, University of Arkansas; Patricia Kirkwood, University of Arkansas
Tagged Divisions
Minorities in Engineering
facing the engineering community totake advantage of the untapped talent among underrepresented ethic minorities and highlights thefact that these groups remain overlooked by current recruitment and retention approachesemployed by universities.This paper introduces the Engineering Career Awareness Program (ECAP) at the University ofArkansas. This program is an engineering diversity recruitment-to-graduation initiative toincrease the number of underrepresented students entering and graduating from engineeringdisciplines. This program combines several piloted and proven recruitment and retentionstrategies into one cohesive program to recruit and retain minority students. The recruitmentstrategy is grounded in the education of students previously
Conference Session
Gender & Minority Issues in K-12 Engineering
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Michael Thompson, Purdue University; Pamela Turner, Purdue University EPICS; William Oakes, Purdue University
Tagged Divisions
K-12 & Pre-College Engineering
engineering stereotypes were nowgone. Another said, “My views/ideas of engineering have changed as far as seeing howwe can offer engineering as a social responsible career option”.When participants were asked after the workshop if they thought that, based on theirstudents’ culture, race, and/or ethic identities in their classroom and school, studentswould find EPICS relevant, responses were that they hoped EPICS would open theirstudents’ eyes and blur ethnic boundaries. While one participant felt these things made nodifference, another felt EPICS was very relevant because their culture is their community. Page 13.1162.5School modelsHigh schools are
Conference Session
Educating Graduates in Engineering for a Flat World
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Mary McCormick, Tufts University; Chris Swan, Tufts University; Douglas Matson, Tufts University
Tagged Divisions
International
fulfills EngineeringCriteria 2000 (EC 2000) established by Accreditation Board of Engineering and Technology(ABET) effectively and efficiently, while adding a unique dimension to engineering education.ABET EC 2000 set forth the following requirements for engineering universities: (a) an ability to apply knowledge of mathematics, science, and engineering (b) an ability to design and conduct experiments, as well as analyze and interpret data (c) an ability to design a system, component, or process to meet desired needs (d) an ability to function on multi-disciplinary teams (e) an ability to identify, formulate, and solve engineering problems (f) an understanding of professional and ethical responsibility (g
Conference Session
Multidisciplinary Curriculum Innovation
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Richard Ruhala, University of Southern Indiana; Laura Ruhala, University of Southern Indiana; Eric Sprouls, University of Southern Indiana
Tagged Divisions
Multidisciplinary Engineering
education activity class Fall Semester Î Second Year Spr ing Semester Î Second YearENGR 107 Î Introduction to Engineering ENGR 108 Î Introduction to DesignMATH 330 Î Calculus II PHYS 206 Î Intermediate Physics IIPHYS 205 Î Intermediate Physics I MATH 335 Î Calculus IIIENG 201 Î Rhetoric & Composition I Ethics/Philosophy General Education Course Fall Semester Î Thir d Year Spr ing Semester Î Thir d YearENGR 235 Î Statics ENGR 255 Î Electrical Circuits (w lab)ENGR 225 Î Thermodynamics ENGR 275 Î DynamicsCHEM 261 Î General Chemistry MATH 433 Î
Conference Session
Mentoring
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Terri Camesano, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; David DiBiasio, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Kristen Billiar, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Marsha Rolle, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Susan Zhou, Worcester Polytechnic Institute
Tagged Divisions
Women in Engineering
week for students to learn about topicsincluding career choices, balancing work and family issues, graduate school applications,funding for graduate school, ethics in bioengineering research, use of statistics, writing, and oralpresentations. During a two-week period within the REU program, the undergraduate studentsbecame mentors to middle-school girls for the Bio-Discovery Program. Some training wasprovided on how students learn and how to present material to this age group. This training wasprovided by numerous individuals, including Prof. DiBiasio, who is an expert in experience-based learning and in engineering pedagogy, and staff members from the Office of Counselingand Development and the Office of Women’s Programs at WPI. The main
Conference Session
Issues in the Professional Practice of Faculty Members in Civil Engineering
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Andrew Rose, University of Pittsburgh -Johnstown; Norman Voigt, Penn State, New Kensington
Tagged Divisions
Civil Engineering
courses may occasionally occur.Engineering courses with technical content and significant writing assignments can beperceived as working the students too hard for the credits earned. This may come fromother faculty as well as from the students themselves. Additionally, many full-timefaculty involved in significant research or other activities may have difficulty finding timefor arranging field trips and planning and grading writing assignments. Thus adjunctfaculty requiring more work from students than full-time research faculty may bepenalized on student evaluations and in relationships with the full-time faculty. It istherefore best to understand the work ethic of the students and the culture of thedepartment and plan course content and
Collection
2008 GSW
Authors
Jerry K. Keska
on the Internet and their ready accessibility, there is also the ever-presentdanger of plagiarism. This requires that the instructor explain the ethical and judicial repercussionsof plagiarism, which will hopefully guide the students to police their own practices.10 BecauseOEPs require the students to do independent study on the subject and define a unique idea usinglimited knowledge, another good resource is the US patent database. In spite of the fact that theprofessor needs to carefully guide the students’ selections of good quality patents, the fact thateach patent must have at least one, cookbook-type recipe concerning how to implement thepatented idea, makes it a valuable source for students working on OEPs. Besides patents
Collection
2009 GSW
Authors
Jerry K. Keska
processes.Due to the broad spectrum and ready accessibility of materials on the Internet, there is also theever-present danger of plagiarism. Consequently, the instructor should clearly explain the ethical andjudicial repercussions of plagiarism. This will hopefully guide the students to police their ownpractices.10 Because OEPs require the students to do independent study on the subject and to define aunique idea using limited knowledge, another good resource is the US patent database. In addition tothe fact that the instructor needs to carefully guide the students in their selection of good qualitypatents, each patent must have at least one, cookbook-type recipe concerning how to implement it inorder to be a valuable source for students working on
Conference Session
Best Practices in Aerospace Education
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Thomas Hannigan, Mississippi State University; Keith Koenig, Mississippi State University; Lorenzo Coley, Mississippi State University; Christopher Hamm, Mississippi State University
Tagged Divisions
Aerospace
shall: 1. Demonstrate a good understanding of mathematics, basic physical sciences, and engineering sciences. 2. Show proficiency in the use of analytical and problem-solving skills. 3. Be able to apply their design skills. 4. Be proficient in written, oral, and graphic communication. 5. Demonstrate an appreciation for the arts, humanities, and social sciences. 6. Conduct themselves ethically and professionally, and exhibit personal integrity and responsibility in their actions. 7. Be able to work in a multi-disciplinary team environment, and lead when necessary to accomplish a given mission. 8. Appreciate the need for lifelong learning.Program Outcomes:Our Program Outcomes are linked to the
Conference Session
Teams and Teamwork in Design II
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Vukica Jovanovic, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Mileta Tomovic, Purdue University; Richard Mark French, Purdue University
Tagged Divisions
Design in Engineering Education
. To integrate critical and systematic approaches in design analysis and innovative methods in product development; to understand business considerations needed to produce products with superior quality. 2. To develop the ability to employ state-of-the-art technology in product and process development. 3. To develop skills to support product realization, including communications, technical writing, and customer needs analysis. 4. To learn independently and continuously as a lifelong learner, and to work effectively in a global team environment. 5. To develop awareness of professional ethics and social responsibilities to develop methods necessary to achieve quality.2. The Current Stage of the ProjectThe
Conference Session
Best Practices in Aerospace Education
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Kristi Shryock, Texas A&M University; Helen Reed, Texas A&M University
Tagged Divisions
Aerospace
(d) an ability to function on multi-disciplinary teams (e) an ability to identify, formulate, and solve engineering problems Page 13.995.3 (f) an understanding of professional and ethical responsibility (g) an ability to communicate effectively (h) the broad education necessary to understand the impact of engineering solutions in a global and societal context (i) a recognition of the need for, and an ability to engage in life-long learning (j) a knowledge of contemporary issues (k) an ability to use the techniques, skills, and modern engineering tools necessary for engineering
Conference Session
Accreditation and Assessment Concerns in Civil Engineering Education
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Thuy Nguyen, University of Texas at Austin; Kathy Schmidt, University of Texas at Austin; William O'Brien, University of Texas at Austin
Tagged Divisions
Civil Engineering
is built upon thedevelopmental models established by William Perry and Douglas Heath in the 1960s. It definesthe developmental progress of a learner in five stages from low to high levels of intellectualdevelopment: Functional and Perceptual Knowledge, Multi-Tasking, Synthetic Awareness,Competence, and Multi-Dimensional. Five skills or literacies under consideration can beassessed against these scales to determine an individual’s current status of knowledge; these are:Information/Computer Literacy, Interactions Literacy, Values Literacy, Ethical Literacy, andReflective Literacy. Our baseline technology skills assessment tool is built upon the concepts ofLanger and Knefelkamp’s model. However, we modified the specific definitions of
Conference Session
Capstone Design III
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Mohamed El-Sayed, Kettering University; Steven Beyerlein, University of Idaho
Tagged Divisions
Design in Engineering Education
, consistency, ethical, and professional demeanor in engineering practice and relationships b. Embraces and employs appropriate professional codes, standards, and regulations c. Engages with engineering professionals and organizations to support excellence in engineering practice d. Demonstrates citizenship through service to society on local, national and/or global scales e. Brings responsible engineering perspectives to global and societal issuesCreating an engineering capstone courseCreating a program or a course starts with a vision. In this vision, the program or the course
Conference Session
Impact Student Success
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Tokunbo Ogunfunmi, Santa Clara University
Tagged Divisions
Minorities in Engineering
Communications, Digital SignalProcessing, Image Processing, RF and Microwaves, Mechatronics and Control and Microelectronicsand Nanotechnology.The core of the Masters degree Electrical Engineering program is the following sets of courses: Fourcourses in Applied Mathematics (8 units), One course in Digital Systems (Logic Design orSynthesis) (2 units), One course in Electromagnetics (2 units), One course in Electronics (2 units),One course in Electric Modern Networks (2 units), One course in Control Systems (2 units) and Onecourse in Applied Ethics (or Professional Practice) (2 units).Out of a 45 units required for graduation, this MSEE core takes up 20 units. The original intent wasto ensure a breadth of knowledge of electrical engineering at the
Conference Session
STEM Pipeline: Pre-College to Post-Baccalaureate
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Nancy Healy, Georgia Institute of Technology; Lynn Rathbun, Cornell University
Tagged Divisions
Educational Research and Methods
for the E.U.The need for a skilled workforce to meet this challenge has been highlighted in two recentreports: Innovate America4 and Engineering Research and America’s Future: Meeting theChallenges of a Global Economy5 which stress the critical importance of technologicalinnovation in U.S. competitiveness, productivity, and economic growth. Nanotechnology is seenas one of these technologically important fields and as noted in Innovate America,“nanotechnology could impact the production of virtually every human-made object.” The NNIcontinues to recognize the importance of education through increased allocations to the NSFbudget. NSF’s budget for education, ethical, legal, and social issues has increased from $29.1million in 2005 to $33.4
Conference Session
Accreditation and Assessment Concerns in Civil Engineering Education
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Nirmala Gnanapragasam, Seattle University; Katie Kuder, Seattle University; Dragovich Jefferey, Seattle University
Tagged Divisions
Civil Engineering
) Hydraulics & Hydrologic Systems (4)Ethics (4) Legal & Professional Aspects (2)Fluid Mechanics (8) Soil Mechanics & Foundation Design (4)Mathematics (15) Structural Analysis (4)Statics (8) Engineering Surveying (4)Mechanics of Materials (8) Water Purification & Treatment (4)a Fall quarter simulates the FE morning examination; winter quarter simulates FECivil Engineering afternoon examinationThe morning section of the FE examination covers a broad array of topics outsidethe civil engineering discipline, including, electrical circuits, material science andthermodynamics. Similarly, the afternoon section of the FE (civil engineering)examination covers topics other than
Conference Session
Thermodynamics, Fluids and Heat Transfer - I
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Andrew Kean, California Polytechnic State University; Ronald Miller, Colorado School of Mines; Brian Self, California Polytechnic State University; Tamara Moore, University Of Minnesota; Barbara Olds, Colorado School of Mines; Eric Hamilton, U.S. Air Force Academy
Tagged Divisions
Mechanical Engineering
-solving strategies from studentsin mathematics classes, but have now been expanded to other disciplines including ethics andengineering science2,3.Through a collaborative, large-scale National Science Foundation project, MEAs are now beingdeveloped to elicit student misconceptions about important but poorly understood concepts inthermal science. For example, misconceptions about the second law of thermodynamics and itseffect on energy quality are being explored in an MEA where students estimate the overallthermal efficiency of electric vs. hybrid vs. gasoline cars. Student teams must use a systemsapproach and include all relevant energy conversion steps in their problem solving process.In this paper, we will describe MEAs and how they are being
Conference Session
Engineering Accreditation Around the World
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
George Peterson, ABET; Kathryn Aberle, ABET
Tagged Divisions
International
, whichfocused primarily on program inputs, such as courses and faculty qualifications. The newaccreditation model also recognizes the importance of communication and teamwork andstresses “awareness of ethical and contextual considerations in engineering solutions.”10In 2002, ABET Inc., commissioned the Center for the Study of Higher Education atPennsylvania State University to conduct a study as a means of verification of the outcomes-based accreditation model. The study was designed to answer the following two primaryquestions: “ ‘What impact, if any, has EC2000 had on student learning outcomes in ABET-accredited programs and institutions?’ and ‘What impact, if any, has EC2000 had onorganizational and educational policies and practices that may have
Conference Session
Multidisciplinary Course Innovation I
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Brent Nelson, Georgia Institute of Technology
Tagged Divisions
Multidisciplinary Engineering
interdisciplinary collaboration tool. His technical research interests are in applications of AFM, thermal transport in micro/nanoscale devices, sustainable energy, and innovative design. His educational research interests are in assessment methodology, problem-based learning, ethics education, service-based learning, and K-12 STEM outreach. Page 13.253.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2008 Biologically-Inspired Design: A Unique Multidisciplinary Design ModelAbstractMany natural organisms have developed and adapted solutions to technical challenges that aresimilar to
Conference Session
SE Curriculum and Course Management
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Arthur Pyster, Stevens Institute of Technology; Devanandham Henry, Stevens Institute of Technology; Richard Turner, Stevens Institute of Technology; Kahina Lasfer, Stevens Institute of Technology; Lawrence Bernstein, Stevens Institute of Technology; Kristen Baldwin, Office of the Under Secretary of Defense (Acquisition, Technology, Logistics)
Tagged Divisions
Software Engineering Constituent Committee
appropriate software engineering solutions that address ethical, social, legal, and economic concerns. 7. Understand and appreciate the importance of feasibility analysis, negotiation, effective work habits, leadership, and good communication with stakeholders in a typical software development environment. Page 13.34.11Page 13.34.12Body of KnowledgeThe most difficult task in the entire curriculum effort is creating the Body of Knowledge (BOK)– deciding what is the core knowledge needed for a software engineer at the masters level. If thecore knowledge is too large, universities will not have the flexibility needed to tailor
Conference Session
Laboratories in Engineering Technology
Collection
2009 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Jason Durfee, Eastern Washington University; N.M. Hossain, Eastern Washington University
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Technology
AC 2009-900: TESTING COMMERCIAL-GRADE THREADED FASTENERS AS ACULMINATING LABORATORY PROJECT IN MATERIAL SCIENCE FOR THEENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY CURRICULUMJason Durfee, Eastern Washington University JASON DURFEE received his BS and MS degrees in Mechanical Engineering from Brigham Young University. He holds a Professional Engineer certification. Prior to teaching at Eastern Washington University he was a military pilot, an engineering instructor at West Point and an airline pilot. His interests include aerospace, aviation, professional ethics and piano technology.N.M. HOSSAIN, Eastern Washington University Assistant Professor, Mechanical Engineering Technology,B.S. Bangladesh University of Engineering
Conference Session
Introduction to Materials Courses
Collection
2009 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Jonathan Stolk, Franklin W. Olin College of Engineering
Tagged Divisions
Materials
itis one of growing significance in engineering educational discourse.1,2,3 In 1965, Maslow arguedthat creative people are a “necessity for any viable political, social, economic system” thatwishes to avoid obsolescence. Maslow targeted engineering education in 1971, noting that “wemust teach and train engineers not in the old and standard sense,” but in a manner that enablesthem to confront novelty, to improvise, and to gain comfort with change.4 The NationalAcademies recently echoed these decades-old sentiments and included creativity as a necessaryattribute of the “technically proficient engineers who are broadly educated, see themselves asglobal citizens, can be leaders in business and public service, and who are ethically grounded.”3The
Conference Session
BME Curriculum Development
Collection
2009 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Sonya Seif-Naraghi, University of California, San Diego
Tagged Divisions
Biomedical
“Balance” (Transfer)Probability and Statistics Thermodynamics Numerical MethodsBiomaterials Ethics: Individual and SocialComputation II Human and Citizen FormationVerbal Expression in the professional env. Control EngineeringInstrumental Chemistry Signals and SystemsElectronics Applied ElectronicsEquilibrium ThermodynamicsBioinstrumentation Biomedical EngineeringBiomedical Engineering Design Bioethics for engineers IMicrocontrollers (microcomputers) Professional developmentHuman and Citizen Formation II Human and Citizen