Collection

2001 Annual Conference

Authors

James Masi

number of theexperiments resulting from the workshops, the organizing committee, with assistance from theMaterials Division of ASEE, began work on a compendium of selected experiments. Support forthis collection came from a broad range of individuals, agencies, and technical societies, muchlike the support for the NEW:Updates Workshops themselves.The original idea aimed to produce hard copies of about 50 selected experiments. However, atNEW:Update 94, Alfred and Evelyn McKenney and Robert Berrettini presented a concept bywhich all experiments could be placed on a CD-ROM in a format that would provide materialseducators an easy way to find and use any of the experiments. Additionally, instructors couldcustomize the experiments to meet their

Conference Session

Software Engineering Curricula

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tom Reichlmayr, Rochester Institute of Technology; Michael J. Lutz, Rochester Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Software Engineering Constituent Committee

TR 2006.03, Sept 6, 2006[3] Hou, L. and Tomayko, J., "Applying the Personal Software Process in CS1: an Experiment", in Proceedings of 29th SIGCSE Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education, Atlanta, Feb 26-Mar 1 1998, pp. 322- 325[4] Humphrey, W.S., “The Personal Process in Software Engineering”, Third International Conference on the Software Process, Reston, Virginia, October 10-11, 1994, pp 69-77.[5] Humphrey, W. S., PSP: A Self-Improvement Process for Software Engineers, Addison Wesley, 1997.[6] Hunt, A. & Thomas, D., The Pragmatic Programmer, Addison-Wesley, 2000[7] Hunt, A. & Thomas, D., “Learning to Love Unit Testing”, Software Testing and Quality Engineering (STQE), Jan/Feb 2002[8

Conference Session

Student Learning and Teamwork

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Susan H. Sarapin M.A., Purdue University; Marilyn A. Dyrud, Oregon Institute of Technology; Marvin I. Sarapin, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

activities.Dr. Marilyn A. Dyrud, Oregon Institute of Technology Marilyn Dyrud is a Full Professor in the Communication Department at Oregon Institute of Technology and regularly teaches classes in business and technical writing, public speaking, rhetoric, and ethics. She is part of the faculty team for the Civil Engineering Department’s integrated senior project. She is active in ASEE as a regular presenter, moderator, and paper reviewer. She has also served as her Campus’ Representative for 17 years, as Chair of the Pacific Northwest Section, and as section newsletter Editor. She was named an ASEE Fellow in 2008, and two years later received the McGraw Award. Currently, she is on two division boards, Engineering Technology

Conference Session

Social Justice: Pedagogy, Curricular Reform, and Activism

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Gabriel Medina-Kim, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

approaching social justice through solely computational frameworks. PEPC Learning Modules Module 3: Cultures of Computing Mod 4: Computing to Where? •Culture as dominant images. •Computing on geopolitical, disicplinary, and •Computing cultures and how they shape the epistemic peripheries. field. •Computing in ways that are not traditionally conceptualized as technical. Figure 1. Outline of the PEPC learning modules and their central projects.The first module, titled “Intervention from Where

Conference Session

Systems Engineering Education and K-12

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Reid Bailey, University of Virginia; Joanne Bechta Dugan, University of Virginia; Alexandra Coso Strong, Georgia Institute of Technology; Matthew E. McFarland, University of Virginia

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management, Industrial Engineering, Systems Engineering

activity will last no longer than 3 hours with a one-hour follow-up focus group to de-briefwith the students. Students will be encouraged throughout to speak aloud to explain what theyare doing and why. The entire session will also be video and audio recorded for future referenceand analysis of data. Questions of interest to be asked to the focus group will include: • If given the opportunity to redo this activity, would you do anything differently? How did your team go about dividing the work needed to be done for this activity? Page 25.487.13 • • What was your team’s overall strategy for approaching this activity? Describe the

Collection

1999 Annual Conference

Authors

Robert Borchert; David Yates; Daniel Jensen

. There are a large number of web sites maintained by universities thatcontain multimedia features, from simple electronic syllabi to interactive simulation [URL/CDrefs 1-7]. Many book companies have formed multimedia divisions, and a number of smallermultimedia production companies are producing CD-ROMs intended to provide visualizationenhancement to technical learning [URL/CDrefs 8-11]. In addition, many examples of stand-alone software for specific courses have been reported in the literature [Tan, Kriz, Martin,Abbanat, Oloufp, Crismond, Meyer, Jensen1,3].Results reported from the use of these tools have been mixed. Of the cases inspected for thecurrent study (approximately fifty cases), about half of the researchers reported that the tools

Conference Session

Electrical Energy Courses, Labs, and Projects II

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jennifer Ferris, Portland State University; Robert B Bass, Portland State University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

a quiz regarding electrical safety prior to using any energized labequipment. Students apply lock-out, tag-out procedures when using energized sources. Eachlab session reviews the safety procedures during the assignment introduction and overview priorto beginning experimentation.Communication (10)Strong communication skills are necessary for quality engineering in any discipline. Thecurriculum focuses on communication between team members and lab instructors. Each labrequires students to write a technical report covering experiment theory and results.Teamwork (11)Students work in teams of three while performing tasks in lab and synthesizing results for thewritten reports.Laboratory DesignEach of the three teaching stations features a PC, a

Conference Session

Exploring New Frontiers in Manufacturing Education

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Trevor Harding

Session 1163 Life Cycle Assessment as a Tool for Green Manufacturing Education Trevor S. Harding Kettering University, Flint, MI 48504AbstractThe design and production of engineering products that have a reduced impact on theenvironment and human health has increasingly become a strategic goal of corporations.Consequently, starting engineers will need to be educated in green design techniques. Onemethod that is particularly attractive to engineers is Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). LCA is anobjective approach to evaluating the

Conference Session

Innovations in Teaching and Learning

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Elizabeth Godfrey, University of Auckland; Gerard Rowe, University of Auckland

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

6 4 2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 MarkFigure 2. Mark distribution for Q1-Q3 on the course EE4yy taught by lecturer A.Lecturer B had been heavily involved in writing the learning objectives for his subjectarea, and for the particular course being discussed (EE 4xx) and was very familiar withthe depth and breadth deemed appropriate for the course. The goal of his elective was tointroduce final year students to the concepts and terminology of a large technical fieldthat relied on a wide range of earlier background knowledge such as mathematics andlinear systems theory. He recognised, in

Conference Session

ECE Program Development

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brandon M. Grainger, University of Pittsburgh; Gregory F. Reed, University of Pittsburgh

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

report indicates that nearly 50%of all electric power industry technical personnel will be eligible for retirement within the nextfive to ten years, and establishes an action plan to address this critical need within the universityeducation and research communities, as well as through K-12 outreach programs.To further support the claim of a national workforce development issue within the power &energy sector, a survey was conducted by the IEEE Power Engineering Education Committee in2006 providing national statistics from 115 U.S. schools and 10 Canadian schools. [8] Anupdated report is planned to come out in the fall of 2014. Figure 2 provides the national averagefunding amounts and Figure 3 provides the national average of graduate

Conference Session

Creating a Technology Incubator and Creating a Seed Fund

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Scott Laughlin, University of Maryland; Scott Magids, University of Maryland; David Barbe, University of Maryland

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

publications deal with electronics technology and technology entrepreneurship. Dr. Barbe received the ASEE Entrepreneurship Division Outstanding Entrepreneurship Education Award in June 2003. Page 12.1520.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2007 The University of Maryland’s VentureAccelerator1. IntroductionIn the 21st Century, universities will play a central role in the health of the US “innovationeconomy”. According to a recent National Science Foundation report, in 2004 science andengineering expenditures at universities and colleges amounted to almost $43B, with $27B fromthe federal government, $2B

Conference Session

Building Communities for Engineering Education Research

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Heidi Diefes-Dux, Purdue University; Robin Adams, Purdue University; Monica Cox, Purdue University; Deborah Follman, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

Teaching Professor andProfessor of Civil Engineering at the University of Minnesota) and Jennifer Turns (AssistantProfessor of Technical Communications at the University of Washington), who graciouslyprovided their expertise and ideas.Early on, the faculty agreed that the INTRO course should enable participants to createframeworks regarding the landscape of engineering practice, the landscape of engineering“drivers” (i.e. those who influence engineering education), and the landscape of engineeringeducation research. “Best” practices in engineering education teaching and frameworks fordesigning engineering education research studies were also considered key topics. As a result,the following course learning objectives were developed

Conference Session

CoED: Computer Science Topics

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lulu Sun, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical Univ., Daytona Beach; Christina Frederick, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical Univ., Daytona Beach; Li Ding, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University; Rebecca Rohmeyer, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

aviation/aerospace. Dr. Frederick also served in various roles in University administration between 2004-2012, including Vice President for Academics and Research. Dr. Frederick’s current research interests examine how individual differences interact with technology to enhance educational engagement and performance. Dr. Frederick is the author of more than 50 research publications, 4 book chapters and over 60 regional, national and international conference presentations on a wide range of topics in human factors and psychology. She is active in a number of professional associations, and is a Consultant for Psi Chi, the National Honor Society in Psychology.Dr. Li Ding, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Li Ding is

Conference Session

Emerging Trends in Engineering Education

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Kay Howell; Ann Wittbrodt; Alfred Moye

Session # 1793Learning Science and Technology R&D: A Roadmap to the Future of Learning Kay Howell, Alfred Moye Federation of American Scientists/Hewlett Packard Corporation (retired)New information technology tools make it possible to implement the insights ofmodern cognitive science and achieve revolutionary improvements in how we teachand learn. In fact, it may not be practical to implement some of the recommendationsof cognitive scientists such as discovery-based learning and individualized counselingand tutoring without technology. But, the breadth and scale of the research effort tofully realize such gains demands a significant

Conference Session

Grasping the "Concept"

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Debra Gilbuena, Oregon State University; Christina Smith, Oregon State University; Bill Jay Brooks, Oregon State University; Talia Sidne Finkelstein, Oregon State University; Milo Koretsky, Oregon State University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

developing problem solving skills in chemical engineering.Many engineering educators and industry partners emphasize the need for students to apply theirknowledge to new and challenging problems.2 In order to do so, students must learn withunderstanding.3 A lack of conceptual understanding has been shown to severely restrict students’ability to solve new problems, since they do not have the functional understanding to use theirknowledge in new situations.4 However, science and engineering classrooms often rewardstudents more for rote learning than for conceptual understanding.5, 6 There is clearly a need formore emphasis on conceptual understanding and concept-based instruction.We report on the first year investigation of the innovation decision

Conference Session

Knowing our Students, Faculty, and Profession

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Matthew Holsapple, University of Michigan; Donald Carpenter, Lawrence Technological University; Janel Sutkus, Carnegie Mellon University; Cynthia Finelli, University of Michigan; Kelley Walczak, University of Michigan; Trevor Harding, California Polytechnic State University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

, enrollment prediction, modeling responses to institutional financial aid, and developing an integrated model of student persistence within Carnegie Mellon's six undergraduate colleges. She is currently a member of ASEE, the Association for Institutional Research, and the Association for the Study of Higher Education.Cynthia Finelli, University of Michigan Cynthia Finelli, Ph.D., is Director of the Center for Research and Learning North at U-M. In addition, she actively pursues research in engineering education and assists other faculty in their scholarly projects. She also is past Chair of the Educational Research and Methods Division of ASEE and guest co-editor for a special issue of the

Conference Session

Manufacturing and Machine Component Design

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Harold L. Stalford, University of Oklahoma

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

10Concentration Factors . For combine stresses consider Gough’s work on “Some Experimentson the Resistance of Metals to Fatigue under Combined Stresses11”. How is the fatigue safetyfactor computed? For Project 2 Springs, why are torsional stresses utilized in helical Page 24.661.10compression spring fatigue models? How does surface conditioning like “shot-peened” affectthe “stress endurance limit” and fatigue life? For Project 3 Bearings, consider steel composition,processing bearing internal load distribution, variable loading, lubrication, material,contamination and the effects that they have on fatigue life (e.g., Harris16, Ch18, Ch19, Ch20

Conference Session

First-Year Programs: Wednesday Cornucopia (Educational Research)

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kaylee A. Dunnigan, NYU Tandon School of Engineering; Jack Bringardner, NYU Tandon School of Engineering; Gunter W. Georgi, NYU Tandon School of Engineering

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

predefined projects, with the knowledge they had coming into the course and with theadditional resources.Qualitative responsesTable 4-6 lists some representative responses from the students open-ended statements.Table 4: Project Preference Qualitative Statements Given the three available options (RAD, AGP, and Pre-defined Projects), describe which project(s) you would prefer and why. 1. I prefer something where there are a set of rules and principles that I would follow. I do not feel confident in creating anything because of my current lack of technical knowledge. 2. AGP [prompt-based OEP] because there is structure but also it is open ended. 3. RAD [free-choice OEP] because it gives the best relevant experience to creating, designing

Conference Session

FPD 10: Teamwork

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Laura K Alford, University of Michigan; Robin Fowler, University of Michigan; Stephanie Sheffield, University of Michigan

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

, Conference Proceedings, 2013. Atlanta, GA.3. Mujika, M. G., Osinaga, X. G., Uria, E. S., Manso, A. P. (2013). Developing teamwork efficacy factors: Anexperience in a Project Based Learning context. International Journal of Engineering Education, v 29, n 3, p 752-762, 2013.4. Resta, P., & Laferriére, T. (2007). Technology in support of collaborative learning. Educational PsychologyReview, 19, 65-83. DOI: 10.1007/s10648-007-9042-75. Engeström, Y. (1992). Interactive expertise: Studies in distributed working intelligence (Research bulletin 83).Helsinki, Finland: University of Helsinki, Department of Education.6. Johnson, D. W., Johnson, R. T., & Smith, K. A. (1998). Cooperative learning returns to college: What evidence isthere that it works

Conference Session

Assessment

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alexandra Emelina Coso, Georgia Institute of Technology; Amy Pritchett, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

analysis. During the fall semester, the course instructors presentlectures and the students complete mini-projects, which introduce students to the design processand methods such as weight sizing and constraint sizing. Additionally, the students attendedthree lab sessions dedicated to understanding the role of stakeholders in the design of an aircraftand approaches for integrating stakeholder considerations into the design process. In the springsemester, students separate into teams to develop a solution to a Request-for-Proposals (RFP)selected by the course instructors. The instructors utilized the RFP developed by the AmericanInstitute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) as the specification for the final projects and asa summative assessment

Collection

2001 Annual Conference

Authors

Jack Jennings; Vincent Wilczynski

. Lawbaugh, Richard J. Freuler, Gary L. Kinzel, and Eli Fromm, 2001, Tools and Tactics of Design, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, NY.2. Ertas, Atila and Jesse C. Jones, 1996, The Engineering Design Process, John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY.3. Ullman, David G., 1992, The Mechanical Design Process, McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York, NY.4. Project work site: www.CGAteamUSA.orgVincent WilczynskiCommander Vincent Wilczynski, Ph.D., is an Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering at the U.S. CoastGuard Academy. He has been the chair of the ASEE Design in Engineering Education Division and is a nationalofficer of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. While on sabbatical, he was the Director of the FIRSTRobotics Competition, the nation’s

Conference Session

Practice III: Multimedia Learning

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rania Al-Hammoud P.Eng., University of Waterloo; Ona Egbue, University of South Carolina Upstate; Arshia Khan, University of Minnesota, Duluth; Darynne Kathleen Hagen, University of Waterloo

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

process and assessing graduate attributes at the department to target areas for improvement in the curriculum. This resulted in several publications in this educational research areas. Dr. Al-Hammoud won the ”Ameet and Meena Chakma award for exceptional teaching by a student” in 2014 and the ”Engineering Society Teaching Award” in 2016 from University of Waterloo. Her students regard her as an innovative teacher who continuously introduces new ideas to the classroom that increases their engagement.Dr. Ona Egbue, University of South Carolina Upstate Ona Egbue is an assistant professor in the Division of Natural Sciences and Engineering at the University of South Carolina Upstate. She holds a Ph.D. in Engineering

Conference Session

Developing Identities for Robust Careers in Engineering

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Monique S. Ross, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Allison Godwin, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

University with a B.S. in Chemical Engineering and Ph.D. in Engineering and Science Education. She is the recipient of a 2014 American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE) Educational Research and Methods Division Apprentice Faculty Grant. She also was an NSF Graduate Research Fellow for her work on female empowerment in engineering which won the National Association for Research in Science Teaching 2015 Outstanding Doctoral Research Award. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2016 Engineering Identity Implications on the Retention of Black Women in Engineering IndustryIntroductionThe engineering education community has identified an imperative to

Conference Session

Two-year College STEM Programs Meeting the Needs of Industry

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mark Bradley Kinney, Bay de Noc Community College; Mark Highum, Bay de Noc Community College; Aleksandr Sergeyev, Michigan Technological University; Scott A Kuhl, Michigan Technological University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Two-Year College

Paper ID #23417Addressing Rural Industry and Student Needs through the Manufacturingof a Community College and University Partnership in Mechatronics andRobotics SystemsDr. Mark Bradley Kinney, Bay de Noc Community College Mark Kinney serves as the Dean for Business and Technology at Bay College in Escanaba, MI. He has successfully received over $2 million in grants for this small, rural institution, which have been used to transform the technical education the institution provides. Most recently, Mark successfully authored an OER Degree Initiative grant through Achieving the Dream to develop a complete degree pathway using

Conference Session

Trends in Mechanical Engineering: Curricula and Courses

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Simin Hall, Virginia Tech; Catherine T. Amelink, Virginia Tech; Deyu Hu, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

Page 25.409.101. Hofer, B. (2009). Motivation in the college classroom. In W. J. McKeachie & M. Svinicki(Eds.), McKeachie’s teaching tips: Strategies, research, and theory for college and university teachers (pp. 140–150). Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.2. Wlodkowski, R. J. (1999). Enhancing adult motivation to learn: A comprehensive guide for teaching all adults,2nd ed. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons.3. Wlodkowski, R. J. (2003). Fostering motivation in professional development programs. NewDirections for Adult and Continuing Education, 98, 39–47.4. US Department of Energy. Annual energy outlook 2008. Report No. DOE/EIA-0383 (2008).5. Energy Information Administration. International energy outlook 2007. Report no. DOE/EIA- 0484 (2007).6

Collection

2015 Pacific Southwest Section Meeting

Authors

Bari Ma Siddique

Servers-Part II”, www.technologyexecutivesclub.com 9. Darshanand Khusial and Ross McKegney 2005, e-Commerce security: Attacks and preventive strategies, IBM 2005 10. Schiff, Jennifer 2013, http://www.cio.com/article/2384809/e-commerce/ 11. Siddique Bari 2008, How to secure e-mail and instant message International Computer Science and Technology Conference (ICSTC-2008) April 1-3, 2008, San Diego, California. 12. Siddique Bari, Siddique, Rozina, and Amin, Mohammad 2006, Building a Secure E-Commerce System, Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Computer Science & its Application (ICCSA-2006) at San Diego, CA; pp101-105 13. Dignan, Larry 2014, http://www.zdnet.com/internet-of-things-poised

Conference Session

Systems Approach to Teaching ET

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Gary Masciadrelli; Nicholas Massa; Gary Mullett

Re-Engineering Technician Education For The New Millennium Nicholas M. Massa, Gary J. Masciadrelli, Gary J. Mullett Engineering Technologies Division Springfield Technical Community College Springfield, MassachusettsAbstractThe U.S. Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET) Engineering Criteria20001 (EC-2000) requires that graduates of two-and four-year engineering technology (ET)programs demonstrate proficiency in mathematics, science, and engineering, be able to work inmultidisciplinary teams, communicate effectively, be sensitive to the social and ethical issuesrelated to the engineering profession, and develop

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Engineering Design I

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephanie M. Gillespie, Arizona State University; Mark Vincent Huerta, Arizona State University, Polytechnic campus; Jared Joseph Schoepf, Arizona State University; Joshua Loughman, Arizona State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

years, mentoring over 200 teams. Currently he teaches introduction to engineering, EPICS, and chemical engineering courses. He has founded 2 starts ups and has 3 patents for water purification, removal of trash from storm water, and antibacterial liquid hand soap formula. He has a passion for teaching and mentoring students, aiming to help each student achieve their goalsMr. Joshua Loughman, Arizona State University Joshua Loughman is a Lecturer for the Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering at Arizona State University. He is the Director of Development for the Engineering Projects in Community Service (EPICS) program. His research interests are in engineering education, sustainable engineering, and science and technology

Conference Session

Retention of Minority Students

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

Nadine Macauley; Edward Golovatch; Annita Alting; Ardie Walser

Session 2370 The use of Requisite Check as an Academic & Curriculum Advisement Tool in Retaining Underrepresented Engineering Students Annita Alting, Edward Golovatch, Nadine Macauley, Ardie D. Walser The School of Engineering of The City College of The City University of New York 140thSt.& Convent Ave. New York, New York 10031 AbstractThe School of Engineering at the City College of New York in preparing for itsforthcoming ABET accreditation visit in 2004, is in the process of implementing a planwhich incorporates

Conference Session

Mechatronics and Robotics II

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Luis Alberto Rodriguez, Milwaukee School of Engineering; Michael D. Cook, Milwaukee School of Engineering; William C Farrow, Milwaukee School of Engineering

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

interpret which button was pressed. TheArduino is powered using a 9-volt battery. Due to the internal resistance of common 9-voltbatteries and the current drawn by the motors, a separate 9-V power pack was employed to powerthe DC motors to prevent (1) underpowering the Arduino during times of high current demand (2)overheating the Arduino’s on-board voltage regulator, and (3) accidentally violating any of theArduino’s individual pins max current rating. Arduino Caster Chassis Mega Wheel Figure 1: Robot layout of components