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Displaying results 12901 - 12930 of 36226 in total
Conference Session
Developing Young MINDS in Engineering, Part II
Collection
2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Quamrul H. Mazumder, University of Michigan, Flint
Tagged Divisions
Minorities in Engineering
students.Acknowledgement: This study was conducted under NSF grant 087139: Evaluating Online MetacognitionTools and Strategies for Their Use. The author would like to thank the University of Michigan-Flint Office of Research for support in preparing the manuscript. Page 25.743.9References[1] Paris, S. G., & Winograd, P., (1990). Metacognition in academic learning and instruction. In B.F. Jones (Ed.),Dimensions of thinking and cognitive instruction. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum, 15-44.[2] Chua E. F., Schacter, D. L., Rand-Giovannetti, E., Sperling, R. A., (2006). Understanding metamemory: neuralcorrelates of the cognitive process and subjective level of
Conference Session
Laboratory Innovations
Collection
2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Arif Sirinterlikci, Robert Morris University; Tony Lee Kerzmann, Robert Morris University
Tagged Divisions
Mechanical Engineering
. After the system properties are set correctly, thesimulation is run and the links are set into motion. The system can then be analyzed using thecharting functions available in Working Model. The top graph shows the angle of rotation of linkAB with respect to time and the bottom graph displays the velocity of point C with respect totime. When link AB is exactly vertical (360° in this simulation) the velocity of point B is 5 ft/s inthe negative i-direction. The students can then look on the velocity chart to determine thevelocity of point C at the instant in time that AB is exactly vertical. This laboratory gave thestudents an interesting example of how to solve a real world problem using simple motionsoftware. The students had to develop a
Conference Session
Biological and Agricultural Engineering Education Technical Session
Collection
2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Pil-Won On, University of Missouri, Columbia; Lori Unruh Snyder, Purdue University
Tagged Divisions
Biological & Agricultural
more practical matters.References 1. Carpi, A. (2003). The Vision Learning Project. Journal of College Science Teaching, 33(1), 12-15. 2. Dennis, A. R. & Kinney, S. T. (1998). Testing Media Richness Theory in the New Media: The Effects of Cues, Feedback, and Task Equivocality. Information Systems Research, 9(3), 256-274. 3. Howard, W.G., Ellis, H.H., & Rasmussen, K. (2004). From the Arcade to the Classroom: Capitalizing on Students' Sensory Rich Media Preferences in Disciplined-Based Learning. College Student Journal, 38(3), 431-440. 4. Kolodner, J. L. (1997). Educational Implications of Analogy: A View from Case-Based Reasoning. American Psychologist, 52, 57–66. 5. Paivio, A. (1990
Conference Session
Impacts on Engineering Education Through Collaborative Learning, Project-based, and Service-learning
Collection
2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Brett Quentin Tempest, University of North Carolina, Charlotte; Sandra Loree Dika, University of North Carolina, Charlotte; Miguel A. Pando, University of North Carolina, Charlotte; Samuel T. Lopez, University of North Carolina, Charlotte
Tagged Divisions
International
developmental theory for higher education. Journal of CollegeStudent Personnel, 25, 297-308. 5 Tinto, V. (1997). Classrooms as communities: Exploring the educational character of student persistence.Journal of Higher Education, 68(6), 599-623. 6 Chachra, D., Chen, H. L., Kilgore, D., & Sheppard, S. D. (2009, October). Outside the classroom: Genderdifferences in extracurricular activities of engineering students. Proceedings of the 39th ASEE/IEEE Annual Page 25.834.12Frontiers in Education Conference, San Antonio, TX. 7 Brown, A., Morning, C., & Watkins, C. (2005). Influence of African American engineering
Conference Session
Integration of Research and Education in ECE
Collection
2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
joshua fabian, Villanova University; Tyler A. Young, Villanova University; James Peyton Jones, Villanova University; Garrett Miles Clayton, Villanova University
Tagged Divisions
Electrical and Computer
forward would depend on the specificapplication being developed. For the purpose of this example, it is sufficient to demonstrate thedifferences between the two images. Page 25.906.8 Figure 7. RGB Image Edge Detection Figure 8. Depth Image Edge DetectionThe intention of the model and examples discussed above is to demonstrate the value ofintegrating the KinectTM sensor into the MATLAB® and Simulink® software environment. TheVU-Kinect S-Function and Simulink® block allow the KinectTM sensor data, RGB and depth, tobe manipulated and processed by the various tools available in the Simulink
Conference Session
Tricks of the Trade II
Collection
2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Robert A. Chin, East Carolina University; I. Richmond Nettey, Kent State University; Edem G. Tetteh; Philip Weinsier, Bowling Green State University, Firelands
Tagged Divisions
New Engineering Educators
responsibilities, if any, and their institutionalCarnegie profile3 are as follows:Professor and Associate DeanUndergraduate Instructional Program—Prof+A&S/HGC: Professions plus arts & sciences, highgraduate coexistence; Graduate Instructional Program—CompDoc/NMedVet: Comprehensivedoctoral (no medical/veterinary); and a Community Engagement—Outreach and PartnershipsCarnegie classification—category institution.ProfessorUndergraduate Instructional Program/Prof+A&S/HGC—Professions plus arts & sciences, highgraduate coexistence; Graduate Instructional Program—Doc/Prof: Doctoral, professionaldominant; and a Community Engagement—Curricular Engagement and Outreach andPartnerships Carnegie classification—category institution.ProfessorUndergraduate
Conference Session
Remote and Network-based Laboratories
Collection
2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Samuel Bogan Daniels, University of New Haven; Cheryl Q Li, University of New Haven; W. David Harding P.E., University of New Haven
Tagged Divisions
Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies
Page 25.972.7References 1. Newmann, C., Lieberman, D., Engelberg, D., Flamholz A., Marchese, P., Tremberger, G., Cheung, T.,“LabVIEW Graphical Programming in an Introductory Engineering Physics Course”, ASEE Annual Conference 2006-394. 2. Hrynuk, J., Pennington, M., Illig, D., Dempsey, J., “Freshman Engineering: An Introductory Computer Course Teaching Matlab and Labview”, ASEE Annual Conference 2008-1408. 3. Akinwale, O., Kehinde, L., Ayodele, K., Jubril, A., Jonah, O., Ilori, S., Chen, X., “A LabVIEW-Based On- Line Robotic Arm for Students' Laboratory”, ASEE Annual Conference 2009-1179. 4. Lohani, V., Delgoshaei, P., Green, C.,” Integrating Labview And Real-Time Monitoring into Engineering
Conference Session
Educational Research & Methods Poster Session
Collection
2010 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Ming-Chien Hsu, Purdue University; Monica Cardella, Purdue University; Senay Purzer, Purdue University; Noemi Mendoza Diaz, Purdue University
Tagged Divisions
Educational Research and Methods
society.Results compared to the Arizona sampleAn independent samples t-test at a significance level of 0.05 was conducted to compare theINSPIRE sample to the Arizona sample previously reported in Yasar et al.’s paper 5. Therewas a significant difference in how the participants in the two studies rated the stereotypicalcharacteristics of engineers, t(165)= 3.58, p<0.01, d=0.70. The INSPIRE participants weremore likely to agree that typical engineers had people, writing and verbal skills. While theirresponses on the stereotypical characteristics of engineers showed significant differences,there were no significant differences in how the teachers in the two studies viewed theimportance and characteristics of engineering. In both studies, teachers’ rating
Conference Session
BME Laboratory and Project Experiences
Collection
2010 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Pamela Bhatti, Georgia Institute of Technology; Jessica Falcone, Georgia Institute of Technology; James McClellan, Georgia Institute of Technology
Tagged Divisions
Biomedical
was a member of the research staff at M.I.T.'s Lincoln Laboratory. He then became a professor in the Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department at M.I.T. In 1982, he joined Schlumberger Well Services where he worked on the application of 2-D spectral estimation to the processing of dispersive sonic waves, and the implementation of signal processing algorithms for dedicated high-speed array processors. He has been at Georgia Tech since 1987. Prof. McClellan is a Fellow of the IEEE and he received the ASSP Technical Achievement Award in 1987, and then the Signal Processing Society Award in 1996. Prof. McClellan is active in curriculum development for undergraduate education
Conference Session
Preparing Engineers for the Global Workplace and Successful Graduates for a Flat World: What Does It Take?
Collection
2010 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Melany Ciampi, Organization of Researches in Environment, Health and Safety; Claudio da Rocha Brito, Council of Researches in Education and Sciences
Tagged Divisions
International
butfundamentally to look for new more appropriate and captivating contents to present to the newplugged students. Besides all of the technical and pedagogic aspects it is necessary to think aboutthe psychological aspects of this great and passionate process of teaching. For the good or for theevil, there it is this new socioeconomic and political world of contrasts in which only theeducation can really change for better [05].Speaking about education for best, the professionals who leave the universities today leavealready with a stock of knowledge that is partly obsolete and s/he has to run fast to adapt to thenew job market. Is this the fault of the University? The answer is no, the University has beenserving the society for centuries and without
Conference Session
Project-based Education in Energy Courses
Collection
2010 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Patrick Tebbe, Minnesota State University, Mankato
Tagged Divisions
Energy Conversion and Conservation
prototyping purposes. To ensure the structuralintegrity of the model as a whole, given the large weight of the ductwork, it was determined thatthe chimney would be supported with a wooden sub-frame. To support the chimney from lateralloads, guide wires were also used. Calculations were established to find the size of cablingneeded to support the structure based on estimated weight and average wind. Safetyconsiderations were double checked with the campus Safety Office prior to and duringconstruction.Turbine Design:The only moving parts of the Solar Chimney are the turbine assembly and power generationunit. In the prototype chimney an average air velocity of approximately 2 m/s was created in thechimney. The low wind velocity complicated the turbine
Conference Session
Experiences in Teaching Energy Courses
Collection
2010 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Dale Litwhiler, Pennsylvania State University, Berks; Thomas Gavigan, Penn State Berks; Brittany Farrell, Penn State Berks
Tagged Divisions
Energy Conversion and Conservation
. S Magnet dropped from this position ∆t N Magnet position at S voltage maximum N To digital R oscilloscope ∆y S Magnet position at N voltage minimum 10ms/div Figure 4. Shaker flashlight generator test setup and resulting waveformThe students studied the voltage waveform and, with a little help, concluded that the peak andvalley must occur when the magnet is at specific locations within the coil. If these locationscould be
Conference Session
Computer & Web-Based Instruction
Collection
2005 Annual Conference
Authors
Peter Rhode; Allen Jaedike; Michael Hennessey
A Gallery of CAD Generated Imagery: Pedagogical Reflections Michael P. Hennessey, Peter S. Rhode, and Allen C. Jaedike School of Engineering, University of St. Thomas 101 O’Shaughnessy Science Hall, 2115 Summit Avenue St. Paul, Minnesota 55105-1079 Email: mphennessey@stthomas.edu Abstract A gallery of imagery generated from many of the recent CAD (computer-aided-design, or graphics) projectsundertaken by St. Thomas undergraduates in mechanical engineering courses (Engineering Graphics in particular)are
Conference Session
Innovative Curriculum Developments
Collection
2005 Annual Conference
Authors
Thomas Cathcart; Shanti Bhushan; Sandun Fernando
1 Agricultural Engineering Education in Developing Countries S. Fernando, S. Bhushan and M. Naveen AbstractAgricultural Engineering or Biological (Systems) Engineering is still considered a fairly newprofession not only in developing countries but also in many of the developed countries. Althoughcivil, mechanical, chemical, electrical and industrial engineering are well established asengineering subdivisions, Agricultural and Biological Engineering is still not considered as adirect engineering discipline in many of the 162 developing countries in Asia
Conference Session
Inservice Teacher Engineering Education
Collection
2005 Annual Conference
Authors
Sharon Kurpius; Dale Baker; Chell Roberts; Stephen Krause
). Technology and design. Bangor,Northern Ireland, DoENI.11. Stein, S.J., McRobbie, C. J., & Ginns, I. S. (2002). Implications of missed opportunities forlearning and assessment in design and technology education. Teaching and Teacher Education,18, 35-49.12. Baker, D., Krause, S., Robinson-Kurpius, S., Roberts, C. & Yasar, S. (2004). BridgingEducation and Engineering: The role of design engineering technology in science education.Paper set presented at the annual meeting of the National Association of Research in ScienceTeaching, Vancouver, Canada.13. Bussey, J., Dormondy, T. & Van Leewen, D. (2000). Some factors predicting the adoption oftechnology education in New Mexico Schools. Journal of Technology Education, 12, 4-17.14. Wright, T
Conference Session
Innovative Curriculum in ET
Collection
2005 Annual Conference
Authors
B. Sridhara
Session 1150 Teaching Engineering Fundamentals with a Project-Based Learning Approach B. S. Sridhara Middle Tennessee State UniversityAbstract Recruiting and retaining students in the Engineering Technology area has been a majorchallenge to many of us in the Engineering Technology and Industrial Studies (ETIS)Department at Middle Tennessee State University (MTSU). In the Fall of 2004 the authoroffered ET 1840 – Engineering Fundamentals and teaching this class was a lot of fun. Topicssuch as total quality, engineering design
Conference Session
International Poster Session
Collection
2009 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Kuo-Hung Tseng, Meiho Institute of Technology; Chi-Cheng Chang, National Taipei University of Technology
Tagged Divisions
International
were willing to continue applying concept mapping approach into other subjects even though the beginning works were sort of hard for them. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The work reported here was supported by grants from NSC-95-2516-S-276-008-MY3, the National Science Council in the Republic of China (Taiwan) and the principle investigator was Dr. Kuo-Hung Tseng. The authors also greatly appreciate the kind assistance of Dr. Page 14.1091.6 Wang-Long Li, Wen-Ping, Vicky and all those who made this paper possible
Conference Session
Trends in Mechanical Engineering I
Collection
2010 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Christine Valle, Georgia Institute of Technology; Wayne Whiteman, Georgia Institute of Technology
Tagged Divisions
Mechanical Engineering
is a relatively new approach inAmerican universities, generally observed since the late 1980’s, though in other parts of theworld such as Europe, the first engineering degree has always required a minimum of five yearsof study and been considered equivalent to the MS degree.These BS/MS programs vary in their details at different academic institutions. For the most part,they offer the qualified student: 1) the possibility to earn their BS and MS degrees in less time than it would take to pursue both degrees separately, and 2) the opportunity to deepen and diversify their technical and professional skills, which will help make them more competitive and marketable in the global marketplace.As BS/MS programs grew more popular
Conference Session
Faculty Set the Preliminary Standards for Co-ops
Collection
2010 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Daryl Caswell, University of Calgary; Sarah Lockwood, University of Calgary; Jane Leung, University of Calgary
Tagged Divisions
Cooperative & Experiential Education
second annual Biomimicry Symposium, Biomimicry Institute / San Diego Zoo, Oct 1 - 2.8. Eggermont, M., Khurshid,M., Lockwood, S., Caswell, D. " A First Year Engineering Affordable Housing Design Project", submitted to Canadian Journal of Urban Research9. Eggermont, M,. & Lockwood, S. (2009) “ Communicating Design: 750 First Year Engineering Students,A Writer-in-Residence and An Artist-in-Residence” Design Principles and Practices: An International Journal, 3:4, p1833-1874.10. Welliver, D., Khurshid,M., Eggermont, M. "Affordable Housing Design: A hands-on workshop for change-makers" Engage Youth, Oct 1, 2009, workshop.11. Eggermont, M., Zegarac, D. (U of C), Yen J., Helms, M. (Georgia Tech), Gould, C., Wong, C., Hastrich, C., Hinds
Conference Session
Multidisciplinary Capstone
Collection
2010 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Mahmoud Quweider, University of Texas, Brownsville; Juan Iglesias, U of Texas at Brownsville; Katherine De La Vega, University of Texas at Brownsville
Tagged Divisions
Multidisciplinary Engineering
Authentic, Student-Centered Engineering Project on Student Motivation. 30th ASEE/IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference, 2000.6. Rosentrater, K.A. Integrating Ethics, Design, and Service Learning in the Engineering Classroom, Proceedings of the 2004 ASEE IL/IN Sectional Conference, Peoria , Illinois, 2004.7. Madler, L., Genesis of an undergraduate research experience, ASEE/IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference, 1998.8. Gunn, Alastair S. and P. Aarne Vesilind. Hold Paramount: The Engineer's Responsibility to Society. Pacific Grove, CA : Thomson-Brooks/Cole, 2003. Page 15.1379.109. Betz, N.E. (1992). The
Conference Session
Methods, Techniques and New Programs in Graduate Education
Collection
2010 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Buket Barkana, University of Bridgeport
Tagged Divisions
Graduate Studies
cases, and these provide theoretical and practical background in conducting experiments.References1. I. M. Abdel-Qader, B. J. Bazuin, Real-Time Digital Signal Processing in the Undergraduate Curriculum, IEEETransactions on Education, vol.46, no.1, February, 20032. D. Jacoby and R. Saint-Nom, Nice experiences teaching SP in Argentina, Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing,IEEE International Conference on acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2689-2692 vol.5, 20013. J. P. Frantz, H. Choi, R. Baraniuk, DSP Education at Rice University,4. S. Gallardo, F. Barrero, S. L. Toral, M. J. Durán, eDSPlab: A remote-accessed instrumentation laboratory for digitalsignal processors training based on the Internet, IEEE Industrial Electronics, IECON 2006
Conference Session
Construction Classroom Development
Collection
2010 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Jessica Lower, Purdue.edu; Mark Shaurette, College of Technology, Purdue University
Tagged Divisions
Construction
meta-analysis to test a causal model. Communication Education, 55(1), 21-31.2. Cleveland-Innes, M. F. & Emes, C. (2005). Social and academic interaction in higher education contexts and the effect on deep learning. NASPA Journal, 42(2), 241-262.3. Cotten, S. R. & Wilson, B. (2006). Student-faculty interactions: Dynamics and determinants. Higher Education, 51, 487-519.4. Etten, S. V., Pressley, M, McInerney, D. M., & Liem, A. D. (2008). College seniors’ theory of their academic motivation. Journal of Educational Psychology, 100(4), 812-828.5. Furlich, S. A. & Dwyer, J. F. (2007). Student motivation and instructor immediacy in community college mathematics classes. The Mathematics Educator, 10(2), 55-70.6. Halawah, I
Conference Session
Emerging Trends in Engineering Education
Collection
2004 Annual Conference
Authors
Malgorzata Zywno
Session 1793 Work in Progress: Development, Implementation and Evaluation of a Learning Object for Teaching Control Systems Malgorzata S. Zywno and M. F. (Frankie) Stewart Ryerson UniversityAbstractThis paper reports on a work in progress in developing an interactive Control Systems learningobject. The objective of the work is to enhance active learning and visualization, and to providestudents with improved formative feedback and review of the learned concepts despitechallenges of increased class sizes. The module is developed within a framework of the Co-operative
Conference Session
Emerging Trends in Engineering Education
Collection
2004 Annual Conference
Authors
Brian Manhire
(Cartesian form) (12) Page 9.957.3 Proceedings of the 2004 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright  2004, American Society for Engineering Education S 1 = S1 e j θ (polar form) (13) where: j = − 1 * and e is the transcendental number 2.71828…10The scalar magnitude (S1) of the (polar form) complex power is known as the apparent power11and is:† S1 = S1 = P1 + jQ1 = VrmsIrms (14
Conference Session
Outreach and Recruitment
Collection
2004 Annual Conference
Authors
Yogesh Thakar; Vinay Kadekar; Todd Sparks; Ashok Agrawal; Frank Liou
. Student Group 1 Week 2 Ot h er 13 .3 3 % More h an d s on act iv it ies 40.00% Ch an g e Not h in g 46.67 % Figure 1 – Student Feedback from Week 2Based upon the feedback results, it was decided that the course material should berevised. The complex math was replaced with a history of the development of RPtechnologies and an overview of modern rapid prototyping technologies. The lectureportion of the workshop was streamlined and shortened to make room for moreactivities. In the third week, the teachers were given the opportunity
Conference Session
Improving Mechanics of Materials Classes
Collection
2004 Annual Conference
Authors
Paul Steif
Session 2468 Use of Simplified FEA to Enhance Visualization in Mechanics Paul S. Steif, Edward Gallagher Carnegie Mellon UniversityIntroduction and BackgroundMany recommendations have arisen from national reports1,2 which noted the increasingneed to improve undergraduate education in engineering. A central suggestion is that“Institutions of higher education should provide diverse opportunities for allundergraduates to study science, mathematics, engineering, and technology as practicedby scientists and engineers, and as early in their academic careers as possible”3. This isalso recognized
Conference Session
Nontechnical Skills for Engineering Technology Students
Collection
2004 Annual Conference
Authors
Michael Kozak
Women in a social and behavioral sciencecourse, taught by an engineering technology instructor, is one such small step.Bibliography1 AWSEM Gender Equity. (1997). Facts in Brief, 2 Mervis, J. (2000). Diversity: Easier said than done. Science, 289 (5478), 378-79.3 U.S. Census Bureau. (2000). Statistical Abstract of the United States, Washington: Author.4 Kozen, D. & Zweben, S. (March 1998). 1996-97 CRA Taulbee Survey: Undergrad Enrollments Keep Booming, Grad Enrollments Holding their Own, 5 Workman, J. K. (2001). Development of a K-12 Summer Program to Promote Women in Engineering and Technology. Conference Proceedings. Washington DC: American Society for Engineering Education.6 Jacobs, J. A. (1999). The Sex
Conference Session
The Best of Interdisciplinary Programs
Collection
2004 Annual Conference
Authors
Ralph Ford; Jana Goodrich; Robert Weissbach
Session 1654 Lessons Learned and Best Practices in Multidisciplinary Teamwork and Teaching of a Small Product Realization Course Robert S. Weissbach, Jana G. Goodrich, Ralph M. Ford Penn State Erie, The Behrend CollegeIntroductionThe Small Product Realization course has been offered for two semesters (Spring 2003 & Fall2003) at Penn State Erie, The Behrend College. The course is 3 credits, meeting for 50 minutes3 times a week. In addition to the scheduled class periods, the students spend one weekend at thebeginning of the semester attending a seminar at an off-campus location. This weekend
Conference Session
Emerging Trends in Engineering Education
Collection
2004 Annual Conference
Authors
Chean-Chin Ngo; Kurt Gramoll
Engineering Education, Vol. 11, pp. 75-82, 2003.4. Ngo, C. C. and Lai, F. C., “Web-Based Thermodynamics Tables Wizard,” Computer Applications in Engineering Education, Vol. 10, pp. 137-143, 2002.5. Young, D. F., Munson, B. E., and Okiishi, T. H., A Brief Introduction to Fluid Mechanics, 2nd ed., John Wiley & Sons, New York, 2001.6. Homsy, G. M., Aref, H., Breuer, K. S., Hochgreb, S., Koseff, J. R., Munson, B. R., Powell, K. G., Robertson, C. R., and Thoroddsen, S. T., Multi-Media Fluid Mechanics, Cambridge University Press, 2000.7. Liggett, J. A. and Caughey, D. A., Fluid Mechanics: An Interactive Text, American Society of Civil Engineers Press, 1998.8. Perlin, M., Schultz, W. W., Smith, M. K., and Foss, J. F
Conference Session
Lab Experiments in Materials Science
Collection
2004 Annual Conference
Authors
Amy Hsiao
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Engineering Educationlike an “S”. They then examine the area in the middle of the “S” with a magnifying glass. Thenew employee then repeats this exercise with a smaller-sized metal paper clip and records theobservations and differences between the two sizes. What is demonstrated here is elasticdeformation – a type of deformation in which the object returns to its original shape after theforces have been removed. This type of deformation is unique in the realm of mechanicalbehavior because all materials undergo elastic deformation. The new employee is also asked inthe new-hire document to address the following specific questions related to elastic deformationin their memorandum to