rationality, reflection-in-action 3. Introduction to Bildung in the classroom: autobiographical writing as philosophical Bildung exercise (askēsis) for wholistic development of self [6] 4. Visual Thinking Field trips to the university museum to practice Visual Thinking Strategies Strategies (see vtshome.org) using paintings 5. Relational Visual Semiotics (icon, index, and symbol) in the work of philosopher Charles Reasoning Sanders Peirce; small group project applying semiotics to sculptures 6. Reflective Definition and examples of moral dilemmas; engineering ethics [7]; Engineering individual character strengths (see viacharacter.org); ethical considerations
[7]. Specifically, the engineering essentials course and theintroduction to engineering design course both include ethics [7]. For example, the engineeringessentials course outline states, “[ethical reasoning] is particularly important as the courseencourages students to consider the impacts of engineering decisions.” Macroethical issues suchas sustainability are also evident in many of the PLTW courses. However the level of effectivenessof the ethics content is unclear [11,12].Within the NGSS, “Science and engineering are integrated into science education by raisingengineering design to the same level as scientific inquiry in science classroom instruction at alllevels and by emphasizing the core ideas of engineering design and technology
resulted from engineering projects [4, 5].It is clear that what is needed in practice is ethical behavior, and that regulations to policeengineers’ ethical behavior via professional licensure are not sufficient [6]. The first nationalexam required on the path to become a licensed professional engineer (PE), the NCEESFundamentals of Engineering Exam (FE), includes questions that relate to ethics [7]. Prior tobecoming a PE, some states also require exams to test ethics (e.g., [8]) and thirteen states requirecontinuing education in ethics and/or professional practices to maintain PE license [9]1.However, one cannot assume that ethics knowledge will translate into ethical behavior, nor iseither the FE or PE encouraged across all engineering