anindividual into conducting a post-mortem”, p. 5), retrospective (examining an experience andreaching reasoned conclusions), and prospective (planning to learn before an experience). It isexpected that the ethical development that may occur when students participate in extracurricularactivities is due to intuitive, incidental, or retrospective approaches. The logic in this study is thatthe on-the-job experiences of engineering alumni provide a ‘jolt’ that causes them to reflect anddraw upon the ethical reasoning that they may have developed during college extracurricularactivities.Research QuestionsTwo research questions were explored in this study: RQ1. To what extent do engineering alumni perceive that extracurricular activities during
ofthese gates are closed and one is open (middle). This is important for planning on how to interactwith the system. Furthermore, it is necessary to briefly experiment with the system, as there aretwo inputs, two spherical orbs on pedestals, highlighted by the rectangle and oval, which bothaccept an electrical charge as input, although it is not immediately clear how they will affect thesystem. The square box with a lightning bolt also accepts an electrical charge and its use is likewisenot immediately obvious. With a little experimentation, the player will learn that the upperpedestal shifts the state of all gates simultaneously and can accept an electrical charge directly orhave a charge applied from the box with the lightning bolt. The lower
a variety of definitions and dimensions within the literature [10]. For example,Fruchter defines teamwork, in the context of (building) design, as a process - rather than acompetency - of reaching a shared understanding of relevant knowledge domains, the object beingdesigned and built, the design process itself, and the commitments it engenders [26]. Hirsch andMcKenna consider a variety of elements as part of teamwork, like conflict management,communication, leadership, and project management [21]. Teamwork is among the ABET learningoutcomes for engineering programs and is defined as “an ability to function effectively on a teamwhose members together provide leadership, create a collaborative and inclusive environment,establish goals, plan
investigation [7], [28]. As a result, some authors continue to view onlineinstruction with suspicion [5], [29]. The primary criticism of virtual instruction is that it lacks thelevel of instructor-student interaction that occurs in-person [5], [29]. As a result, these criticsargue that online instruction should be provided synchronously, imitating in-person education asmuch as possible [5], [29]. Burns, Cunningham, and Foran-Mulcahy [24] disagree, however,arguing that carefully designed asynchronous education has the potential to be as effective assynchronous or in-person education. While synchronous instruction may be better equipped tofacilitate in-person interactions, with adequate planning, design, and unique pedagogicalapproaches, asynchronous
things she needed to do to excel. As she states, “When I started my job at AOC, I was nervous about the engineering work. This was my first exposure to such work and I had always believed I wasn’t smart enough to be an engineer due to my difficulty in math and science. However, I faced my fear, participated on every project team to which I was assigned, and eventually learned to read blueprints and plans allowing me to perform the work for which I was hired. Some people even said I couldn’t do it, that I would quit the job because I didn’t have an engineering background. I proved them all wrong.”As this statement indicates, Marjory explains that even though women are so often doubted inengineering, it
discussions surroundingthe photographs. Facilitators must be invested in allowing social change to occur while beingattuned to any political and power dynamics at play; it is recommended that there be more thanone facilitator with at least one being a part of the community of interest [31]. Not only will thisbe beneficial for the planning stages of the project, but this will help provide buy-in and buildrapport with participants. After forming the study team, the next task is to reach out to membersof the community to participate in the project. Recruitment of participants can vary with moststudies ranging from 8-12 participants given the involved nature of the project and intense datacollection [31]. Before data collection begins, it is typical to
engineering identities“must negotiate the roles they play within the community of engineering as a discipline, ingroups with their peers, and within the classroom.” Tonso [25] describes identity development as“a complicated process through which campus engineer identities (cultural knowledge learned oncampus) provided a lens of meaning through which to “recognize” (or not) performances ofengineer selves as engineers.” Particularly for women and students of color, engineering identitycan be very malleable and susceptible to change, with persistence and career plans able to be“strongly swayed” by even small interactions or experiences as undergraduates [29].Institutions themselves foster engineering identity development through displays of solidarity
talking about their kids. We're talking about their families, their houses, what they do for work, what it was like growing up in Appalachia. And I'm making friends at this meeting, I'm not just meeting people that I'm supposed to be doing research with. I'm making connections.Through listening, she was able to bridge the gap between researchers and communities(Lambrinidou et al., 2014) because she saw them as human beings. This can be a challenge in afield where objectivity is the main goal in research. Participant 2 struggled with carrying theemotional anguish of the community members as she drove back home from her meeting; thiswas coded as the Belly of the Whale portion of the journey: We made plans to test their water
they firstenroll. Students who switch programs within the university and eventually graduate from anon-engineering program are still considered a graduate of this cohort. Students who arecurrently enrolled and still working toward a degree are only included in Phases 2 and 3 of ouranalysis.This research received approval from the Institutional Review Board at the university. Theresults in this article comply with the data management plan for the research including that aminimum number of entries is needed in published results.MethodologyThis framework for systematically classifying students involves a three-phase approach: (i)statistical test for comparisons, (ii) cluster analysis, and (iii) logistic regression predictions ofeventual dropout
success [40]. Previous researchhas found that it is not uncommon among senior women faculty to plan their pre-tenurepregnancies to give birth in May, to postpone becoming pregnant until having reached tenure, orto limit the number of children they have based on the tenure-track limitations [12], [41], [42].Confirming to the view of academia as a gendered space, since men do not experience suchlimitations. As a result, the new generations of Ph.D. graduates are less attracted to facultypositions. A study from the University of California system found that the proportion of graduatestudents wanting professor positions at research intensive institutions was reduced during theirdoctoral training from 45 to 36% and from 39 to 27% among men and women
) meeting global needs and challenges through the UnitedNations and similar organizations [6].In the opinion of the author, science diplomacy is less a well-defined subject and more aloosely-recognized concept (i.e., science diplomacy is best defined by “you know it whenyou see it”). Widely recognized examples of multi-lateral science diplomacy – such as,the 1954 founding of the European Organization for Nuclear Research (known asCERN), the 1959 signing of the Antarctic Treaty System, and the 1998 launch of theInternational Space Station – provide an insight into the three pillars of sciencediplomacy, namely: 1) scientists serving as diplomats (i.e., the Iran nuclear deal, formerlyknown as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action adopted in October
].It seems from the reports that the organization was able to mold some, if not many, workersto its way of thinking; which is to be expected in strong sub-cultures. For example, seniorengineers embraced the goal that the aircraft should be seen to be a development of the 737NG and not a new airplane because a new aircraft would require a completely newcertification entailing substantial additional costs [CS 8.3: 8.4: 9.6]. Among those costswould be simulator based training which would not be necessary for pilots transitioning to the737 MAX from the 737NG. As previously indicated the costs of simulator training are huge.Senior engineers embraced these goals as did some employees. For example a group of themassisted Boeing develop its plan to