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Conference Session
Unique Laboratory Experiments and Programs
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Jed Marquart, Ohio Northern University; David Sawyers, Ohio Northern University
Tagged Divisions
Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies
2006-978: THE USE OF STUDENT-GENERATED LAB PLANS IN THE THERMALSCIENCESDavid Sawyers, Ohio Northern University DAVID R. SAWYERS, JR. is an Assistant Professor of Mechanical Engineering at Ohio Northern University, where he teaches courses in General Engineering and in the Thermal Sciences. He received a BSME degree from Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology and the MS and PhD, both in Mechanical Engineering, from The University of Notre Dame.Jed Marquart, Ohio Northern University JED E. MARQUART is a Professor of Mechanical Engineering at Ohio Northern University, where he teaches courses in General Engineering and in the Thermal Sciences. He received a BSME degree from Ohio Northern
Conference Session
NSF Grantees Poster Session
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Linda Schmidt, University of Maryland-College Park; Janet Schmidt, University of Maryland-College Park; Paige Smith, University of Maryland-College Park
Tagged Divisions
Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies
members involvedin ground breaking curriculum development and the fact that the faculty members themselveswere taught team training skills as a part of their ECSEL involvement.Our work has culminated in a curriculum of team training modules, developed with supported bya Course, Curriculum, and Laboratory Improvement (DUE-CCLI-0089079) grant from theNational Science Foundation. The modules include presentation slides and lesson plans designedspecifically to enable use by engineering faculty. First, the curriculum is composed of threedistinct tracks based on key domains of team functioning (personal knowledge, interpersonaleffectiveness, and project management skills). Second, the material is designed in discrete“modules” or individual building
Conference Session
NSF Grantees Poster Session
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Edward Wheeler, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; JianJian Song, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; David Voltmer, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology
Tagged Divisions
Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies
are provided bycourses that explore electromagnetics, electromagnetic compatibility and signal integrity.System-level issues are then discussed in courses in high-speed design and are extended viaapplications in wireless systems. Planned courses include a laboratory-based course in modelingand measurement and a course in RF integrated circuit design.In this paper we report on courses in electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), signal integrity (SI),and high-speed design that will provide the foundations of the high-speed design program beingdeveloped . The needs of both disciplines, electrical engineering and computer engineering,must be kept in view. In the discussion below, therefore, keep in mind that, since electricalengineering and computer
Conference Session
NSF Grantees Poster Session
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Mark Yeary, University of Oklahoma; Tian Yu, University of Oklahoma; Robert Palmer, University of Oklahoma; Mike Biggerstaff, University of Oklahoma; L. Fink, University of Oklahoma; Carolyn Ahern, Ahern and Associates
Tagged Divisions
Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies
. Page 11.52.1L. Fink, University of Oklahoma Dr. L. Dee Fink, an off-campus evaluator, is the person responsible for developing and implementing the evaluation plan, and he has an extensive background in pedagogy and assessment. Because of this expertise, Dr. Fink will be responsible for: 1.) developing and© American Society for Engineering Education, 2006 monitoring the pedagogical models being used, 2.) leading the orientation programs for both undergraduate peer teachers and the faculty members involved, to make sure they fully understand the pedagogy procedures being used, 3.) developing the evaluation plan and materials, 4.) collecting and analyzing the evaluation
Conference Session
Innovative and Computer-Assisted Lab Studies
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
David Bloomquist, University of Florida; Michael McVay, University of Florida; Scott Wasman, University of Florida; Clinton Slatton, University of Florida
Tagged Divisions
Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies
thesetests, the water flow was maintained at a constant, low rate. In the case of the HWB, head lossdue to the flow path (pipe friction, fitting losses etc. from the source to the first manometer) wasnegligible. We measured a 0.5 cm. difference (or loss) between these two points. It is importantto note that the flow rate had to be adjusted in order for the bridge to work properly. This wasdone by trial and error and once set, the remainder of the tests worked properly. While we didnot have a flowmeter sensitive enough to measure it, we plan to incorporate a rotameter tomonitor the flow in the next model. Page 11.56.7 Table 2. Results of
Conference Session
On Pedagogy of Lab Courses and Their Design
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Nobuyuki Kitashoji, Kanazawa Institute of Technology; Eiichi Sentoku, Kanazawa Institute of Technology
Tagged Divisions
Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies
emergency exits and fire extinguishers. ) - Safety measures based on Heinrich's law ( Refer to 4.3.1 (2) for details. ) - Accident forecasting ( Refer to 4.3.1 (3) for details. )(2) Safety Measures Based on Heinrich's LawHeinrich's Law suggests that eliminating minor accidents, which are potential risk factorsfor further accidents, might help in preventing major accidents. Based on this law, thestudents submit a report of minor accidents they have experienced and share thisinformation in class. (3) Accident ForecastingAt the experiment planning stage, the students are instructed to forecast any accidents that Page 11.719.11may occur during their
Conference Session
NSF Grantees Poster Session
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Sharlene Katz, California State University-Northridge; Kathleen Alfano, College of the Canyons
Tagged Divisions
Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies
senior yearof a BS program in Industrial Technology on-site at the community college campus, a UniversityCenter concept already successfully pilot tested at College of the Canyons. The first cohort ofeight students began in Spring 2003 with a target date to complete a BS in Fall 2005. CaliforniaState University, Channel Islands agreed to begin the process of developing the junior and senioryear of a 2+2 BS in Information Technology with a target of curriculum approval through theCalifornia Chancellor’s Office Master Plan in 2004-2005 and the start of the first class in Fall2005. CREATE students from multiple colleges were recruited and a tracking system wasdeveloped to assess their progress as they completed courses and progressed to degrees
Conference Session
Innovative and Computer-Assisted Lab Studies
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Harry Franz, University of Houston-Downtown
Tagged Divisions
Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies
this way allowsthe students to learn software tools that can be used in other courses and industry.BackgroundThe UHD Engineering Technology department has recently obtained more LabVIEW and VisualBasic software to further the development of all engineering and technology classes. Theelectrical power systems course exercises and projects have benefited from the acquisition of thissoftware. Furthermore, it is planned to also use other software packages in the electrical powersystem course in particular Intergraph Smart Plant Electrical software. The use of the SmartPlant Electrical software is planned for the upcoming fall semester. Note that the Smart PlantElectrical software is used by industry to design various aspects of electrical power
Conference Session
Innovative and Computer-Assisted Lab Studies
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Wayne Johnson, Armstrong Atlantic State University; Alesia Ferguson, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences; Patrick Hager, Armstrong Atlantic State University; Aristide Sanou, Armstrong Atlantic State University; Daniel Shenoda, Armstrong Atlantic State University
Tagged Divisions
Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies
for Medical Sciences. She has collaborated with a series of University, Government and Corporate bodies interested in quantifying activity patterns relevant to understanding human exposure and dose and her current research work focuses on exposure assessment in various residential and occupational settings.Patrick Hager, Armstrong Atlantic State University Patrick Hager is a sophomore civil engineering student at Armstrong Atlantic State University in Savannah, GA. He plans to complete his Bachelor of Science degree at Georgia Tech.Aristide Sanou, Armstrong Atlantic State University Aristide Sanou is a sophomore mechanical engineering student at Armstrong Atlantic State
Conference Session
NSF Grantees Poster Session
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Mohan Krishnan, University of Detroit Mercy; Shuvra Das, University of Detroit Mercy; Sandra Yost, University of Detroit Mercy; Kathleen Zimmerman-Oster, University of Detroit Mercy
Tagged Divisions
Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies
Technicians). TEST, Incorporated provides consultation, technical assistance, and applied research to business, industry, schools and universities, human service agencies, and foundations in the areas of program and performance evaluation, strategic and organizational planning, community relations, organizational and leadership development, diversity training, and human resource management, training, and assessment. She has provided services to over fifty client organizations and institutions over the past 20 years including the W.K. Kellogg Foundation, St. Joseph Mercy of Macomb Hospital, Leadership Macomb, The Troy Community Coalition, The Greater Battle Creek Substance Abuse Council, and
Conference Session
NSF Grantees Poster Session
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Paul Stanfield, North Carolina A&T State University; Caroline Moineau, North Carolina A&T State University; Shona Morgan, North Carolina A&T State University; Silvanus Udoka, North Carolina A&T State University
Tagged Divisions
Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies
, process testing, facility layout and location, material handling system design. Management and Simulation Systems - 309/311 Cherry Hall Manufacturing Processes and Resource planning, scheduling and control systems, supply chain management, teach Systems - 206 Cherry Hall using simulation exercises, case studies and
Conference Session
NSF Grantees Poster Session
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Hal R. Pomeranz, Deer Run Associates, Inc.; Harlan W. Feinstein, Deer Run Associates, Inc.; Matthew Ohland, Clemson University
Tagged Divisions
Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies
factor analysis and confirmatory factor on a large survey sample to reduce theinstrument and identify the factor structure are in press elsewhere.1 Our earlier published workdescribed the importance of assessing teamwork in the engineering classroom and the challengesit represents and laid out the ambitious assessment plan that would help develop an instrumentthat is easy to use and yet meaningful for both faculty and students, 2 described and demonstratedthe benefit of a behaviorally anchored rating system,3 detailed the process of creating a newbehaviorally anchored rating scale to simplify administration, data analysis, and reporting, andmake feedback more understandable.4 This paper shows how the behaviorally anchored ratingscales are
Conference Session
NSF Grantees Poster Session
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
S. Manian Ramkumar, Rochester Institute of Technology; Scott Anson, Rochester Institute of Technology; Charles Swain, Rochester Institute of Technology
Tagged Divisions
Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies
, including minorities and women, to its engineering and engineering technology programs, due to expanded opportunities.6. Undergraduate senior design project teams will be able to perform reliability analysis and qualify their product designs.7. RIT’s reputation will grow as a state-of-the-art engineering and engineering technology institution.Evaluation PlanAn evaluation team has been assembled and will be involved in the planning, implementationand assessment stages of the REAL project. The evaluation team has already participated in thepreliminary discussions that led to conceptualization of REAL and the selection of lab equipmentrequested in this proposal. The team consists of a faculty from RIT’s-Center for Quality andApplied Statistics
Conference Session
NSF Grantees Poster Session
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Sajay Sadasivan, Clemson University; Deepak Vembar, Clemson University; Paris Stringfellow, Clemson University; Carl Washburn, Greenville Tech; Andrew Duchowski, Clemson University; Anand Gramopadhye, Clemson University
Tagged Divisions
Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies
theexperience level of the student trainee. Figure 7: User testing of the training scenarios; a: Window VR, b: HMD4. Curriculum development and assessmentTo integrate the different training simulators with the Aircraft Maintenance Technologycurriculum, it was necessary to devise a curriculum development and assessment plan. Alongwith the training provided using the Virtual Reality simulators, the current educational materialis enhanced by integrating a computer-based inspection training program focused on improvinginspector performance entitled GAITS (General Aviation Inspection Training System) [13] intothe curriculum. GAITS was developed using the task analytic approach for aircraft inspectionthat is anticipated to standardize and
Conference Session
NSF Grantees Poster Session
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Ramachandran Venkatasubramanian, Arizona State University; Guillermo G. Mendez, Arizona State University; Brian Skromme, Arizona State University
Tagged Divisions
Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies
. A transformation was used onresponse variables whose distributions were non-normal. The results showed that the many ofthe outcomes were significantly correlated to prior GPA, including the total course score and theexam scores. A clear, statistically significant, benefit to the spreadsheet use could not be found,mainly due the strong influence of prior GPA and the relatively small samples sizes. Severalexam questions did show improved performance when using spreadsheets, but larger samplesizes are needed to be certain of the effects. We plan to add additional control data and continueusing the spreadsheets in other sections to obtain better statistics. In addition, we feel that morein-class use of the spreadsheets in an active learning
Conference Session
Virtual and Distance Experiments
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Daniel Schmidt, Bismarck State College; William Wahlman, Bismarck State College; Zachery Allen, Bismarck State College
Tagged Divisions
Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies
. These are theinstructional and ancillary systems. The original plan for the WebLab system was to create asystem that allowed remote access to laboratory equipment. That plan has come to fruition;however, it became apparent early in the project that much more is needed to make the system aviable educational platform.The term instructional systems is inclusive of all the learning materials, lab manuals, lessons,tests, quizzes, assessment, and laboratory activities that go along with any given laboratory. Theterm ancillary systems is inclusive of systems designed and needed to support the operation ofthe laboratory such as the student database, scheduling system, data logging and trending, etc.While the WebLab project succeeded technically, no
Conference Session
Unique Laboratory Experiments and Programs
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Michael Koplow, Northeastern University; Francis Di Bella, Northeastern University
Tagged Divisions
Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies
Chicago, Ill Engineering Technology Division How to Rescue a Poorly Operating Experiment in Engineering Technology and Change it into a “Real-World” Engineering Technology Learning LessonFrancis A. Di Bella, PE Director of School of Engineering TechnologyMichael Koplow, Adjunct Instructor ThermodynamicsNortheastern University, Boston, MAABSTRACTA planned experiment that goes awry can never be completely avoided. Even the bestplanned lab experiment in an engineering technology course will suffer a somewhatembarrassing failure in the middle of the experiment, with a lab team of engineeringtechnology students looking on, dispirited and possibly embarrassed for the seeminglyhelpless instructor. But this is the
Conference Session
Unique Laboratory Experiments and Programs
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Jason Yao, East Carolina University; Philip Lunsford, East Carolina University
Tagged Divisions
Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies
plan is needed to teach all these Page 11.861.5topics within a relatively shorter time than for a regular electrical engineering program.LabVIEW from National Instruments [4], a graphical programming software package,serves as an excellent teaching assistance to deliver these concepts. The authors developa virtual lab session that uses LabVIEW to teach basic Boolean algebra and digital logic.Instead of explaining rules of Boolean algebra in a regular lecture, the students are told tomanipulate the switches on graphical interfaces and watch the changes of the indicators.With this straightforward observation, they are then taught Boolean algebra rules
Conference Session
NSF Grantees Poster Session
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Todd Kaiser, Montana State University; Stilson Applin, Montana State University
Tagged Divisions
Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies
testing.Discussion The primary objective of creating the new microelectronic fabrication course wasto develop and implement a laboratory-intensive course that would train undergraduatestudents in microfabrication technologies. The objective has been completed. The courseexposed students to a limited set of microfabrication tools and clean room safetyprotocol. It focused on the fabrication techniques used to create basic PMOS and NMOStransistors. A second course is planned that will expand on the fabrication skills and reinforce design issues pertinent to microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), culminating in the fabrication of prototype
Conference Session
Unique Laboratory Experiments and Programs
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Shuvra Das, University of Detroit Mercy
Tagged Divisions
Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies
other sponsors to developaward winning case studies that could help faculty members make the necessary paradigm shiftin engineering and technology education. The case studies are based on real-world engineeringproblems that have engineering issues intertwined with business aspects, ethical questions,communication, etc. Their case studies are not only rich in content but are also veryprofessionally compiled with full use of currently available multi-media technology.7,8,9 Thesecase studies are available on CD–ROM along with all necessary background information,linkages to scientific topics, all the video and audio files, proposed student assignments, andlesson plans for teachers.Drs. Raju and Sankar used these case studies in many of their
Conference Session
NSF Grantees Poster Session
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Richard Chiou, Drexel University; Yongjin Kwon, Drexel University; Shreepud Rauniar, Drexel University; Horacio Sosa, Drexel University
Tagged Divisions
Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies
? © È y Ù È sin d cos d ÙÚ ÈÉ y New ÙÚ (3) É Ú ÉThe method to analyze the robot manipulator is to use reverse or inverse kinematics.After analyzing the arm configurations, this information can be sent to the robot to moveto that position. This helps in doing offline path planning of the robot to do the pick andplace operation.5. Robotic System Communications Yamaha I/O checker is used for communicating robot input/output signals to andfrom RCX40 controller as shown in Figure 4. It is a collection of switches, each withspecific function. The operating voltage is 24V and is provided to pin numbers 47-48(+24V DC) and 49-50 (GND
Conference Session
On Pedagogy of Lab Courses and Their Design
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Stephen Crown, University of Texas-Pan American; Arturo Fuentes, University of Texas-Pan American; Bob Freeman, University of Texas-Pan American
Tagged Divisions
Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies
2006-2393: CBT TEACHING TOOLBOX: A MECHANISM FORCOLLABORATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF INTERACTIVE COMPUTER ANDWEB-BASED TRAININGStephen Crown, University of Texas-Pan AmericanArturo Fuentes, University of Texas-Pan AmericanBob Freeman, University of Texas-Pan American Page 11.313.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2006 "CBT" Teaching Toolbox: A Mechanism for Collaborative Development of Interactive Computer and Web-Based TrainingAbstractThe "CBT" teaching toolbox is a dynamic forum for the planning, development, anddissemination of interactive computer and web based training. The toolbox web site serves as aresource of
Conference Session
NSF Grantees Poster Session
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Wenshen Pong; Tim Le, San Francisco State University
Tagged Divisions
Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies
communication skillsthrough written reports, experimental data analyses and presentation of the results. It is expectedthat this equipment will allow us to enrich our curriculum with many research-quality tests,which will in turn enrich the potential scope of senior projects for our students.Providing Undergraduates Opportunities to Work in a Research EnvironmentAll experiments are planned to include the participation of undergraduate students in thedevelopment of laboratory content. Students are an important part of the curriculum revisionprocess at SFSU. This is especially true for development of the laboratory, which will be set upbased on educational objectives to maximum learning, promote student participation and helpmentor student development
Conference Session
Design of Laboratory Experiments
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Ahmed Rubaai, Howard University; James Johnson, Howard University
Tagged Divisions
Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies
. Thelaboratory course brings together undergraduates from two engineering departments (electricaland mechanical) with plans to include systems and computer science students in the near future.Laboratory Hardware/Software InterfaceTo concentrate fully on the actual control design task and allow students to gain experience withindustrial control development tools, a dSPACE DS1104 DSP board6 is chosen as the maininterface between the controlled system (process) and the host computer. One of the salientfeatures of the dSPACE DS 1104 DSP-board is the ease of building real-time applications. Inorder for students to access the I/O dSPACE DS 1104 DSP-board, a software interface to theboard is required. Here, the student has two options: 1) the student can
Conference Session
NSF Grantees Poster Session
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
James Hanson, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology
Tagged Divisions
Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies
determinate beam is presented in Figure 2. Situation: The roof shown experiences snow load with drifting adjacent to the AC unit. The resulting distributed load on member AB is shown. 300 plf A B 100 plf 100 plf AC 50 plf Unit A B 10 ft 5 ft 10 ft 5 ft Plan View Find: Find, approximately, the peak
Conference Session
NSF Grantees Poster Session
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Melinda Hess, University of South Florida; Autar Kaw, University of South Florida
Tagged Divisions
Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies
learning thematerial themselves, regular class periods and the weekly lab session that were devoted to thetopic of Nonlinear Equations as in Summer 2003 were cancelled. At the end of the week, as partof their graded homework assignment, students were asked to submit answers to 18 shortquestions (6 on each of the 3 subtopics of Background, Bisection Method, and Newton-RaphsonMethod) that were based on six levels of Bloom’s taxonomy. The reading assignments andproblem sets were the same as in Summer 2003.1 We were planning to implement the fourth modality in Summer 2005. However, due to certain circumstances, it Page 11.242.4was co
Conference Session
Virtual and Distance Experiments
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Peter Schuyler, University of Hartford; Tom Eppes, University of Hartford
Tagged Divisions
Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies
lecture.Not all technical courses in the discipline have a laboratory component, nor does TAC-ABET accreditation require it. Moreover, there is no fixed percentage that governs this.However, in keeping with the educational objectives and learning outcomes fortechnology programs, most institutions, accredited or not, deliver 40% of their courseswith a laboratory as part of it. It is this heavy “hands-on” experiential laboratorycomponent, that we believe is the primary barrier to a purely distance program in mosttechnology programs and EET/CET in particular.Scope of the ProblemTo quantify the size of the problem, we focused on the EET and CET programs at ourinstitution. Both are structured with 4-year course plans requiring 130 credits (39courses) to
Conference Session
On Pedagogy of Lab Courses and Their Design
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Alan Cheville, Oklahoma State University
Tagged Divisions
Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies
was supported through the National Science Foundation through theCAREER program (NSF9984896); the Course, Curriculum, and Laboratory Improvementprogram (NSF0088279), and the Department Level Planning Grants for Engineering Education(NSF0230695). LASER CULT case studies are available on-line3, as are portfolios of studentwork8. The author acknowledges generous equipment donations from Melles Griot andThorlabs.Bibliography1 Committee on Optical Science and Engineering, Harnessing light: Optical science and engineering in the 21st century. (National Academy Press, Washington, D. C., 1998).2 S. B. Feichtner and E. A. Davis, "Why some groups fail: a survey of students' experiences with learning groups," J. Organ. Behav. Teaching Soc
Conference Session
NSF Grantees Poster Session
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Mehmet Ozturk, North Carolina State University
Tagged Divisions
Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies
experiments on various systems level concepts such as amplification,analog filtering and modulation. Detailed information about the course and the hardwarelaboratory can be found in the proceedings of this conference in another paper by the first authorof this paper.To assess our success in several key areas, carefully planned student surveys were conducted andspecific assessment questions were included in the exams. First and foremost, these studiesindicated that spending three hours in the laboratory every week is not sufficient for thebeginning students to master the modern bench-top measurement instruments. We saw thatstudents' struggles with the instruments (especially during the first half of the semester) couldresult in frustration in the
Conference Session
NSF Grantees Poster Session
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Louis Everett, University of Texas-El Paso; Elsa Villa, University of Texas-El Paso
Tagged Divisions
Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies
students tohelp each other earn higher grades by offering extra credit on exams. After scoring thefirst exam, the students were allowed to form 3-person “exam study teams.” The detailsof this method are outlined under Team Facilitation earlier in this paper. The results aresummarized next.Comparisons between Exams 1 and 2 • 77% scored higher on exam 2 the average increase was 21 points. • Of the 23% scoring lower their average loss was 10 points. • 57% scored the extra credit. • 60% of the students attributed their group study as the most positive influence on their grade. • 80% of the students said they planned to work more homework problems and would study early for exams, avoiding last minute preparations