Conference Session

Entrepreneurship Education - A 10,000' View

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mary Secor, Institute to Promote Learning; Douglas Arion, Carthage College

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

Professor of Physics at Carthage College. After a career at Science Applications International Corporation as head of the Applied Physics and Engineering Division, Dr. Arion conceived, started, and directs the ScienceWorks: Entrepreneurial Studies program at Carthage. This program has for the last twelve years successfully integrated entrepreneurship and career training into the undergraduate science and technology curriculum. He works extensively with regional business development groups and municipal organizations, combining academic activities with new business creation and business revitalization. He is also technical director at the Center for Advanced Technology and Innovation, a

Conference Session

Innovative Lower Division Programs

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jerry O'Connor, San Antonio College; Dan Dimitriu, San Antonio College

Tagged Divisions

Two Year College Division

. According to the group BusinessRoundtable, a Washington-based coalition of leading U.S. corporations, the number of studentsin the United States planning to pursue engineering degrees declined by one-third between 1992and 2002. ("Business Coalition Focuses on Math, Science Careers," Aug. 10, 2005) TheBusiness Roundtable report also estimates that half the doctoral students graduating fromengineering colleges in the United States are foreign nationals and the National Science Board in2004 reported “a troubling decline in the number of U.S. citizens who are training to becomescientists and engineers…” 1At the same time the U.S. Department of Labor predicts that the number of jobs requiringscience, engineering, and technical training will increase by

Conference Session

Innovative Curriculum in ET

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Barbara Christe, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

, with more than 11million healthcare jobs and medical jobs…Medical employment and health care employmentwill account for about 13 percent of all wage and salary positions created between 2000 and2010. Medical employment and healthcare employment account for 9 out of 20 occupationsprojected to grow most quickly.”1 With strong advancement, job growth and likelihood ofstability, health care is a career area which has found increased focus of educational institutions.Headlines in a recent healthcare publication announced: “Biomed Shortage Persists, Takes Tollon Facilities.”2 This headline identifies the shortage in “biomeds.” This career has many titlesbut is generally best aligned in the educational environment with Biomedical

Conference Session

Emerging Trends in Engineering Education Poster Session

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jerry Hamann, University of Wyoming; Linda Hutchison, Bristol Community College; Alan Moore, University of Wyoming

employment and advancement will go tothose prepared to deal confidently with quantitative, scientific, and technological issues. TheU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics has projected a 15.2% increase from 2000-2010 in the need foremployees trained in engineering and other technical specialties1. However, the U.S.Department of Education's National Center for Educational Statistics has predicted a decrease inthe number of high school graduates in Wyoming, and this decrease is also expected to occur inmany of the Rocky Mountain and Midwestern states2. The declining number of college-agestudents, coupled with a declining interest in science and engineering careers, has seriousimplications for the U.S. economy and international competitiveness3. The picture

Conference Session

ChE: Outreach Programs

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sundararajan Madihally, Oklahoma State University; Eric Maase, Oklahoma State University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

number of programs have been initiated throughout the country where either highschool teachers are retrained or students are exposed to science and engineering through summeroutreach programs. The College of Engineering, Architecture, and Technology (CEAT) atOklahoma State University (OSU) has also developed a multi-disciplinary weeklong residentsummer academy for high school students called REACH (Reaching Engineering andArchitectural Career Heights interested in engineering, architecture, or technology. Throughmodule-based instruction, students are introduced to various engineering fields. This report describes one of the new modules used in the 2005 academy where studentswere introduced to biomedical and biochemical engineering

Conference Session

Women Faculty Issues and NSF's ADVANCE program

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Barb Silver, University of Rhode Island; G. Boudreaux-Bartels, University of Rhode Island; Helen Mederer, University of Rhode Island; Lynn Pasquerella, University of Rhode Island; Joan Peckham, University of Rhode Island; Mercedes River-Hudec, University of Rhode Island; Karen Wishner, University of Rhode Island

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

. Boudreaux-Bartels has been very active with outreach activities that encourage young women or under represented ethnic minority students to consider careers in science, math or engineering. She has served as the faculty advisor for the Society of Women Engineers (SWE) for 20 years, and as interim faculty advisor for the URI National Society of Black Engineers and the URI Society of Hispanic Professional Engineers. She co-directed an annual URI summer Bridge program that introduces first year, female engineering students to careers in engineering. She participates in the annual URI SMILE (Science and Math in an Integrated Learning Environment) Engineering Design Challenge Weekend

Conference Session

EM Program Trend and Development

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gordon Geiger, University of Arizona

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

their career, tosenior management at later career stages. For instance, in 1985 a major study wasundertaken by the National Research Council (1) which found that 44.6% of thosesurveyed, who described themselves as engineers, said that their primary activities weremanagement (28%) or production (16.6%). In 1995, a similar survey by NSF(2) found that only 38% of those in the U.S. workforcewith a B.S. in engineering actually work as engineers. An additional 48% say that theirwork is related to engineering, but that they are managers, patent attorneys, CEO’s,financial analysts, and entrepreneurs. In 1998, NSF published the results of its Engineering Workforce Project,(3) an ongoingeffort. It showed that in 1993 32% of respondents said their

Conference Session

NEW Lab Experiments in Materials Science

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mary Vollaro, Western New England College

Tagged Divisions

Materials

engineering profession and, the second is to provide an experience that would leave our participants with a positive impression about careers in engineering. WNEC faculty members highlight the creativity and problem-solving traits of engineers with examples from all disciplines of engineering. These ideas are put into action with a hands-on engineering design project, such as looping roller coasters or LegoTM vehicles, to fit the capabilities of girls in our target age group. A workbook, which contains the basic steps in the engineering design process and the specific instructions to complete the activity, was developed. The Girl Scouts work in teams of three or four, along with WNEC engineering students, who are the mentors for the activity. Insight

Conference Session

Promoting Scientific and Technological Literacy

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lisa Ncube, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

High School Students in IndianaAbstractProject Lead The Way is a pre-engineering program designed to prepare students forpostsecondary engineering and engineering technology courses. PLTW courses utilize project-and problem-based learning strategies that encourage students to apply what they learn to real-life situations. At the middle school level the program is called Gateway to Technology.Gateway to Technology is project-based and designed with all students in mind and addressesnational standards in math, science and technology. One of the goals of the middle schoolcurriculum is to increase interest and awareness of female and minority students in technologyand related careers. Gateway to Technology also encourages increasing numbers of

Conference Session

FPD8 -- Systems, Nanotechnology & Programming

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Youssef Allam, Ohio State University; David Tomasko, Ohio State University; John Merrill, Ohio State University; Bruce Trott, Ohio State University; Phil Schlosser, Ohio State University; Paul Clingan, Ohio State University

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

activities. The labactivities included a quarter-length design, build, and test problem utilizing project managementand team building skills found in the standard lab sections.The new course offering represents a significant effort to transfer graduate level researchfindings to a freshman engineering setting. This exposed students to cutting-edge research topicsand fostered an early interest in academic and professional careers in new fields such asnanotechnology and biomedical devices. The project also demonstrates a safe method ofincorporating more chemical and biological based engineering disciplines into a freshmanlaboratory course as an alternative to the traditional electro-mechanical emphasis. In fact, thelab-on-a-chip platform provides a

Conference Session

Programs for High School Students

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Barbara Christie, Loyola Marymount University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

department. Wefound funding to support our partnership from private corporations and foundations with similargoals; to improve the representation of African American, Latino, Native American, and femalesin engineering majors. SECOP focuses on introducing low income students to science,technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) careers and improving students’ contentknowledge in these topic areas. The goal of SECOP is to address the shortage of AfricanAmerican, Latino and Native American and female students studying science, mathematics,engineering, and technology at college level by introducing students to pre-engineering andadvanced mathematics classes early in their academic careers.The objectives of SECOP include:• increasing awareness of

Conference Session

FPD8 -- Systems, Nanotechnology & Programming

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Helen Burn, University of Michigan; James Holloway, University of Michigan

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

instructors can directly influence student motivation. The treatmentgroup was no more likely than the comparison group to believe that the ideas from the coursewould be useful in their future careers. This finding is partly attributable to our inability tocontrol for the nature of the weekly assignments in the untreated group, which confounded ourability to fully evaluate the effect of the intervention on students’ perception of the usefulness ofthe course. Gender, race/ethnicity, and prior programming experience were not significantpredictors of perceptions of importance or usefulness. Student interest in the weeklyprogramming assignments was the biggest predictor of agreeing that the course was importantand useful, followed by a student’s self

Conference Session

Engineering in High School

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Meetu Walia, Polytechnic University; EDWIN YU, Polytechnic University; Vikram Kapila, Polytechnic University; Magued Iskander, Polytechnic University; Noel Kriftcher, Polytechnic University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

CAREER award, Chi Epsilon (Civil Engineering Honor Society) Metropolitan District James M. Robbins Excellence in Teaching Award, and Polytechnic University Distinguished Teacher Award. Dr. Iskander’s research interests include Geotechnical modeling with transparent soils, foundation engineering, and urban geotechnology. He makes extenive uses of sensors and measurement systems in his research studies. Dr. Iskander has published 50 papers and supervised 6 doctoral students, 14 masters students, 6 undergraduate students, and 7 high school students. Page 11.1403.1Noel Kriftcher, Polytechnic University

Conference Session

Topics in Nuclear and Radiological Engineering Education

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lisa Marshall, North Carolina State University; Mohamed Bourham, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

Nuclear and Radiological

current students and staff. Forexample, telecounseling is one means of facilitating the interaction among incoming students,current students and nuclear engineering staff. Prior to or during new student orientation,students interact with the department’s freshman student adviser and student ambassadors. It isan opportunity for incoming students, and parents, to become familiar with the department, itsservices, facilities, research projects and career trends. In conjunction with the College ofEngineering orientation program, the department engages in its own orientation to satisfy theseobjectives. As important is the introduction of students to the professional society, the AmericanNuclear Society. Freshman students join the student chapter for

Conference Session

Graduate Student Experiences

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tammy VanDeGrift, University of Portland; Janet Davis, University of Washington

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

teachingpositions after graduate school. The Preparing Future Faculty program is an exampleintervention to assist graduate students when making career choices and preparing for a facultycareer. Because graduate students generally complete an advanced degree at researchinstitutions, there are few opportunities for graduate students to learn about teaching positions atteaching-oriented colleges and universities.The purpose of this paper is to provide advice and information to graduate students in computerscience and engineering fields who are considering a teaching-oriented position after graduateschool. There is little information about teaching-oriented positions and few opportunities formentorship between faculty in teaching-oriented positions and

Conference Session

Attracting Young MINDs

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cindy Waters, North Carolina A&T State University; Vernal Alford, North Carolina A&T State University; Elaine Vinson, North Carolina A&T State University; Venetia Fisher, North Carolina A&T State University; Devdas Pai, North Carolina A&T State University

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

necessary for success in today’s highly technicalworld. Designed for rising seventh through rising twelfth graders, it is a two-weekprogram, meeting Monday through Friday. (ESP Jr. is an abbreviated version forrising fifth and sixth graders.) The program is a commuter program therefore thestudents are chosen from schools within a 50 mile radius. Applications are givento the area school counselors and the interested students complete and return anapplication, hand written essay along with an official transcript (or originalgrade report) and two letters of recommendation from a teacher and/or schoolcounselor. The program consists of morning sessions which expand their math andscience skills in addition to career exploration. The afternoons

Conference Session

New Topics in Engineering Economics

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Leslie Pagliari, East Carolina University; Gene Dixon, East Carolina University; Paul Kauffmann, East Carolina University; Merwan Mehta, East Carolina University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Economy

Technology at Old Dominion University. His previous position at ODU was in the Department of Engineering Management. Prior to his academic career, he worked in industry where he held positions as Plant Manager and Engineering Director. Dr. Kauffmann received a BS degree in Electrical Engineering and MENG in Mechanical Engineering from Virginia Tech. He received his Ph.D. in Industrial Engineering from Penn State and is a registered Professional Engineer.Merwan Mehta, East Carolina University Merwan Mehta, Ph.D., is an Associate Professor at East Carolina University. He has for over twenty years experience as a machine tool design engineer, manufacturing engineer, manager, and consultant. His

Conference Session

Biology in Engineering

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Paul Schreuders, Utah State University; Brian Rutherford, Utah State University; Katrina Cox, Utah State University; Susan Mannon, Utah State University

Tagged Divisions

Biological & Agricultural

equity in other professions?Seymour (1997) found that the best foundation for survival and success is to have chosen one’smajor because of an intrinsic interest in the discipline. She also found that those with the stron-gest interest in their major owed their sense of direction to particular teachers, family members,role models, or mentors. Women were found to differ very sharply from men in this area of per-uqpcn"kpÞwgpeg0"Yqogp"ygtg"oqtg"nkmgn{"vq"jcxg"kpkvkcnn{"ejqugp"cpf"uykvejgf"vjgkt"oclqtu"vq"Uekgpeg."Ocvjgocvkeu."cpf"Gpikpggtkpi"*U0O0G0+"fkuekrnkpgu"dgecwug"qh"vjg"kpÞwgpeg"qh"uqogqpg"vjcv"ycu"ukipkÝecpv"vq"vjgo"240"Kp"rctvkewnct."vjg"kpÞwgpeg"qh"hcokn{"ogodgtu"ku"eqpukfgtgf"c"oc-jor factor in the career decision making process 1, 21, 25

Conference Session

Approaches to K -12 Engineering

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Eugene Brown, Virginia Tech; Robert Kavetsky, Office of Naval Research; Robert L. Stiegler, NSWCDD; Peter N. Squire, NSWCDD; Juanita Jo Matkins, College of William and Mary; Gail Hardinge, College of William and Mary; John A. McLaughlin, McLauglin Associates

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

base in the Navy’s Warfare Centers. He is a mechanical engineering graduate of Catholic University, and has worked in the fields of hypersonic aerodynamics, explosives, undersea warheads, and mine countermeasures.Robert L. Stiegler, NSWCDD ROBERT L. STIEGLER -- Mr. Stiegler is currently supporting the USMC Targeting and Engagement Systems and the Office of Naval Research, N-STAR initiative. His recent career experience has included service as a program manager for USMC science and technology programs, Science Advisor to the Commanding General, Fleet Marine Forces Atlantic, and Head, NAVSEA Combat Systems Safety and Engineering Division.Peter N. Squire, NSWCDD PETER N. SQUIRE

Conference Session

Emerging Trends in Engineering Education Poster Session

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Marcia Friesen, University of Manitoba; Myron (Ron) Britton, University of Manitoba

(engineering degrees, professional experience), wish to continuetheir engineering career in Canada, and need to qualify for a Canadian engineering license inorder to do so.The complete conceptual framework of the IEEQ, including motivations and goals, structuralfeatures, and delivery features, is the subject of a paper submitted to the International Division ofthe ASEE 2006 Annual Conference. The complete conceptual framework is not repeated here,other than to summarize key features needed to understand the assessment and evaluationframework and preliminary findings.Societal and Regulatory ContextIncreasingly, the immigration of skilled workers is a powerful demographic and economic forceto address labor market needs and facilitate economic growth in

Conference Session

Preventing Marginalization of Underrepresented Students on Teams

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Paige Smith, University of Maryland-College Park; Linda Schmidt, University of Maryland-College Park; Patricia F. Mead; Stephanie Adams

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

ofoptoelectronic products, and she was actively involved in engineering education reform. In 1997,Dr. Mead received the NSF Faculty Early CAREER Award in recognition of her combinedresearch and educational activities. Dr. Mead is the first African American woman to receive thePh.D. from the college of engineering at the University of Maryland, and she has been a FacultyFellow of the Hewlett Packard Company and a Doctoral Fellow of the Eastman Kodak Company(Rochester, NY), She has published numerous archival journal and conference papers on Page 11.700.3photonics and engineering education research.Stephanie G. Adams, Ph.D., Assistant Dean for Research and

Conference Session

Design in the BME Curriculum and ABET Assessment

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Renee Rogge, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Glen Livesay, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

. Page 11.401.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2006 Design Boot Camp: Getting in Shape for a Capstone ExperienceAbstractBoot camp is a training ground for military recruits. The rigors of this experience preparesoldiers for futures in the military. During boot camp, recruits with varied backgrounds areimmersed in an environment where they get a “crash course” in strategies that will lead them tosuccess. Similar to a military career, a capstone design experience can be quite stressful tostudents. However, most engineering programs lack a solid training ground, or boot camp, toindoctrinate students to the world of design. It should come as no surprise that students tend todread, or even fear, senior design courses. Their fear

Conference Session

Mentoring Graduate Students

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

LaRuth McAfee, State University of New York-Stony Brook; David Ferguson, State University of New York-Stony Brook; LaRuth McAfee, State University of New York-Stony Brook

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

, Engineering, and Mathematics DisciplinesAbstractThis study seeks to determine key factors influencing the career choices and experiences ofunderrepresented minority undergraduates, graduate students, postdoctoral fellows, and facultymembers in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) disciplines. Specialattention is given to exploring factors influencing decisions to move along paths leading to theprofessoriate. Questions being studied include 1) what are the key factors influencing minoritystudents' decisions to pursue graduate study in STEM, 2) what are the key factors influencinggraduate students' decisions to select the STEM professoriate as a career choice, and 3) what arepatterns in the experiences of minority graduate students

Conference Session

Convergence of Quality Assurance Systems Around the Globe

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Marcia Friesen, University of Manitoba; Myron (Ron) Britton, University of Manitoba

Tagged Divisions

International

characterized by a mixed methods approach, gathering both qualitative and quantitativedata.IntroductionThis paper presents the conceptual framework of the Internationally-Educated EngineersQualification Pilot Program (IEEQ) at the University of Manitoba, Canada. IEEQ addressesforeign credentials recognition (FCR) for engineers recently immigrated to Canada. Theseinternationally-educated engineers hold engineering credentials obtained in their home country(engineering degrees, professional work experience), wish to continue their engineering career inCanada, and need to qualify for a Canadian engineering license in order to do so.The purpose of the paper is to outline the background and regulatory context, motivations andgoals, structural features

Conference Session

International Engineering Education II

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mulchand Rathod, Wayne State University; Mary James Legatski, American Society of Mechanical Engineers

Tagged Divisions

International

2006-89: A PERSPECTIVE ON INITIATIVES IN DIVERSITY AND OUTREACHACTIVITIES OF ASME, AN INTERNATIONAL SOCIETYMulchand Rathod, Wayne State University Mulchand S Rathod, PhD, PE, professor of Division of Engineering Technology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan is recognized for a career of dedicated, unselfish service to engineering and technology education, as a leader in education, faculty member, and as a contributor to professional societies. Dr Rathod lead the Division of Engineering Technology as director and chair during 1987-2003. Prior to joining WSU, he worked at State University of New York at Binghamton as coordinator of mechanical engineering technology program and assistant

Conference Session

Sustainable Engineering

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Deanna Matthews, Carnegie Mellon University; Robert Heard, Carnegie Mellon University

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

, Selection and Design of Materials, and the senior Capstone Design course. Dr. Heard received his Ph.D. in Metallurgy and Materials Science from the University of Toronto, Canada in 1987, and returned to academia after 17 years in industry. Page 11.673.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2006 Greening of Education: Ecological Education in EngineeringCarnegie Mellon University has embarked on a “Greening of Education” project, sponsored bythe Henry Luce Foundation. This project aims to instill an appreciation of the environment instudents at the beginning of their college careers in hopes of carrying

Conference Session

Programs for High School Students

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Patrick Rousche, University of Illinois-Chicago; Michael Cho, University of Illinois-Chicago; Yang Dai, University of Illinois-Chicago; Hui Lu, University of Illinois-Chicago; J Hetling, University of Illinois-Chicago; jie liang, University of Illinois-Chicago; Susan McCormick, University of Illinois-Chicago; David Schneeweis, University of Illinois-Chicago; Richard Magin, University of Illinois-Chicago

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

provide students with ahands-on Bioengineering experience. 2) To educate students about career opportunities inBioengineering. 3) To create institutional/departmental name recognition among localstudents and science teachers. 4) To educate science teachers about important Bioengineeringconcepts. 5) To develop students’ group communication and scientific presentation skills. 6)To develop students’ ability to apply the scientific method and analyze data, and 7) Toencourage family support of students’ scientific pursuits. In this paper we review comparativeassessment data from 3 successive years of offering the camp to local metropolitan areastudents.II. Introduction Bioengineering is a relatively modern discipline within engineering. Only

Conference Session

Industrial Collaboration & Applications in ET

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William Stuart, Oregon Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

technologytoday. This project shows how students benefit from improving the general pool of engineeringknowledge and providing better tools to compete in the global market place. Hands-on businessexperience and skills are imparted by mentoring relationships and students are networked earlierforging stronger foundations for their careers. This model can also be adapted at otherinstitutions that are willing to reach out and think globally.IntroductionOregon Institute of Technology’s combination of methods, networking and focused goals arediscussed in this paper outlining a formula that hasbeen used successfully to achieve significant solutions for industry and engineering education atthe Oregon Institute of Technology. This formula includes

Conference Session

Collaborative & New Efforts in Engineering Education

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Fazil Najafi, University of Florida

Tagged Divisions

International

of resources. The curriculum components areimportant in supporting student retention. There should be student support servicesincluding tutoring, counseling, career advising, and employer encouragement. At thegraduate level, there are many minority students of superior ability who demonstratefinancial need and plan to pursue a PhD degree in a designated area of national need.The IHE Diversity Model should offer fellowships to such students and increase theirnumbers by aggressively promoting recruitment, retention and orientation of thosetalented students from traditionally underrepresented backgrounds. Page 11.47.3 Institute of

Conference Session

Women Faculty Issues and NSF's ADVANCE program

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lisa Aultman-Hall, University of Connecticut; Britt Holmen, University of Connecticut

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

Associations can contribute to increasing the number of women in engineering leadership roles.Advice to Individual Women EngineersThese accomplished women panelists from all types of organizations providedpersonal advice to individual women engineers that was valued by all. Thisguidance is also helpful for those who want to encourage or mentor individualwomen engineers. Women were encouraged to take risks and accept challenges.These challenges were identified as taking the form of technical challenges in newprojects as well as learning about other disciplines such as public policy orfinance. Knowledge of these other disciplines is needed for successfulengineering leadership. Young women were encouraged to develop a career planas soon as possible