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Displaying results 781 - 810 of 1206 in total
Conference Session
Engineering Professional Development for K12 Teachers
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Jodi Cullum, Utah State University; Christine Hailey, Utah State University; Daniel Householder, Utah State University; Chris Merrill, Illinois State University; James Dorward, Utah State University
Tagged Divisions
K-12 & Pre-College Engineering
AC 2008-1018: FORMATIVE EVALUATION OF A PROFESSIONALDEVELOPMENT PROGRAM FOR HIGH SCHOOL TEACHERS INFUSINGENGINEERING DESIGN INTO THE CLASSROOMJodi Cullum, Utah State University Jodi Cullum is a doctoral student in the Experimental and Applied Psychology program at Utah State University. Her interests lie in outcomes research in health psychology and program evaluation more broadly. Jodi has been involved in numerous small-scale research studies in Canada and the United States as well as large-scale national projects. She has been involved in STEM evaluation for the National Center for Engineering and Technology Education since May 2007.Christine Hailey, Utah State University
Conference Session
Survivor: The First Few Years
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Ryan Beasley, Texas A&M University; Ana Elisa Goulart, Texas A&M University; Wei Zhan, Texas A&M University
Tagged Divisions
New Engineering Educators
AC 2008-252: NEW FACULTY MEETINGS: SURVIVING THE FIRST YEAR OFTHE TENURE TRACK TOGETHERRyan Beasley, Texas A&M University Ryan Beasley is an Assistant Professor of Electrical Engineering Technology at Texas A&M University. He received his Ph.D. from Harvard University in 2006 as a result of his work on the control of surgical robots. His research activities involve designing surgical robots, developing virtual reality tools to enhance image-guided surgery, investigating haptic interfaces, and devising control algorithms for all the above.Ana Elisa Goulart, Texas A&M University Dr. Ana Goulart is an assistant professor in the Telecommunications Engineering Technology program in
Conference Session
Creative Engagement and Developmental Tutoring Method
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Cecil Shy, Prairie View A&M University; James Northern, Prairie View A&M University; Veda Brown, Prairie View A&M University
Tagged Divisions
Minorities in Engineering
professorsserve as the underlying factors for our concept reasoning. The Cognitive Developmental Methodexposes students to both the conceptual and the practical applications of science, technology,engineering and mathematics. Our overall goal is to enhance the STEM student’s performanceby isolating the various components in the delivery/retrieval processes of mathematical theoriesvia concept discussions, highly enforced problem application, peer-peer subgroups, andconstructive learning-centered activities.I. IntroductionThe STEM Summer Bridge Program is part of a National Science Foundation HBCU-UP [1]grant awarded to Prairie View A&M University. The Summer Bridge Program is an excellentway for incoming freshmen to transition into college life. The
Conference Session
Special Resources and Activities for Minorities
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Xiaoqing Qian, Alabama A&M University; Zhengtao Deng, Alabama A&M University; George Seweryniak, DoE Computational Science Division
Tagged Divisions
Minorities in Engineering
5500 African American who had Ph.D. degree inScience, Mathematics, Engineering and Technology (SMET) were employed in the SMETfield. Only 5.6% of the enrollment in SMET of graduate schools were African American,Hispanic American and Native American (AAHANA) students. There is an urgent need totrain minority students in SMET field. Historically Black Colleges and Universities(HBCUs) are the primary source of African-American scientists in the US, and HBCUparticipation in training of students in SMET field is critical.To respond to this critical need, the Mathematics, Information and Computational Sciences(MICS) division of the U.S. Department of Energy created an Alliance for ComputationalScience Collaboration in 1997. In 1999, the office of
Conference Session
Entrepreneurship Education: Unique Approaches
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Shawn S Jordan, Purdue Univeristy; Robin Adams, Purdue University
Tagged Divisions
Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation
brief discussion of future directions forresearch. Figure 1: Picture of the author’s paper-shredding Rube Goldberg machine Page 13.1.3Background and contextReuben Lucius Goldberg (1883 – 1970) started his engineering career designing sewer systems.In 1914 after six months, he left engineering practice to become a cartoonist. His cartoons took asatirist point of view on technology, with his major underlying message being that technologymisapplied often makes life unnecessarily complicated. According to Goldberg, his cartoonsrepresent “a symbol of man’s capacity for exerting maximum effort to achieve minimal results.”He conveyed this
Conference Session
Beyond Individual Ethics: Engineering in Context
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Dean Nieusma, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
Tagged Divisions
Liberal Education
design studio sequenceand what will be called the program’s “radical interdisciplinary.” After reviewing PDI’sstructure, the paper turns to classroom pedagogy, emphasizing theoretical approaches derivedfrom science and technology studies, or STS, which takes as its domain of study the interactionbetween science, technology, and engineering on one hand and social and cultural forces on theother. The paper then turns to a brief assessment of PDI’s major areas of success as well as thoseareas needing further attention before concluding with some thoughts on liberal education forengineers in the contemporary university context.Contextualizing Engineering EducationBoth design and the liberal arts have been extensively promoted as potential guiding
Conference Session
Entrepreneurship Education
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Daniel Raviv, Florida Atlantic University
Tagged Divisions
Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation
”, “InnovativeCompany”, “Sustainable Innovation”, “Important Innovation”, “Innovation in Arts”, “Innovation in Page 13.750.2Architecture”, “Innovation in Science”, “Innovation in Engineering/Technology”, and “Innovationin Business/Marketing” • Book reading followed by class discussions, e.g., Blink, by Malcom Gladwell, Freakonomics,by Levitt, et al., The art of Innovation, by Tom Kelley, and The Five Temptations of a CEO: ALeadership Fable, by Patrick M. Lencioni. • Invited speakers on topics such as Innovation and the Enneagram. • Pattern breaking assignments, e.g., Drive home without exceeding the speed limit Introduction “On such a flat
Conference Session
Teaching Strategies in Graphics
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Egoitz Sierra Uria, The University of the Basque Country; Mikel Garmendia Mujika, The University of the Basque Country
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Design Graphics
standardized drawing. However,engineering students show certain learning difficulties and a high failure rate in subjectssuch as Technical Drawing and Design. The main aim of this study is to introduce a newteaching strategy for part visualization.A problem solving model for visualization has first been designed for all kind of industrialobjects (Methodology for Part Visualization Problem Solving) with a constructivism view.Teaching strategies may then be applied by drawing up a programme of specific taskswhich takes into account the theoretical contents and procedures involved in partvisualization and students’ main difficulties and deficiencies when solving this kind ofproblem. ICTs (Information and Communication Technology) and real models havebeen
Conference Session
The Pipeline
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Tania Monterastelli, University of Maryland-Baltimore County; Taryn Bayles, University of Maryland-Baltimore County; Julia Ross, University of Maryland-Baltimore County
Tagged Divisions
Women in Engineering
speakers haveaddressed diverse topics such as plasma physics, stealth radar, biomedical imagery, supercomputers/micro technology, aeronautical engineering, astrophysics and satellite reconnaissance.In recent years, the program has been revised from a strictly seminar series to a hands-onprogram designed to help students understand the engineering design process. Since revising theformat of the program, average attendance has more than tripled to a 2006-7 level of 107students. Two-hour sessions are held biweekly and students learn how to go from brainstormingto designing, building, and testing. In an attempt to attract more young ladies to the program (aswell as to encourage them to pursue engineering as a career), the 2007-8 program focuses on
Conference Session
Focus on High School Girls in Engineering
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Michelle Porche, Wellesley Center for Women; Jennifer Grossman, Wellesley Center for Women; Anne Noonan, Salem State College; Peter Wong, Tufts University
Tagged Divisions
Women in Engineering
encourage girls, presentation of STEMopportunities that appeal to girls and speak to their interests). Implications for teaching andpractice are discussed.Background Even as girls’ and women’s participation in some areas of science has risen considerablyin the past few years, the field of engineering has changed very little with rates of femaleengineering majors estimated at between 18 and 20% 1. Research on the patterns of girls’progression in the science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) pipeline is wellestablished 2, documenting attrition which begins in middle school and continues throughgraduate school. On the other hand, women who do enter into college science and engineeringprograms tend to be successful 3. Thus it is critical
Conference Session
Curriculum Development and Applications
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Gregory Nail, University of Tennessee-Martin
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Design Graphics
of Science in Engineering Technology(BSET) program, begun in 1969, was discontinued in 1996 - the same year in which an ABET-accredited four year Bachelor of Science in Engineering (BSE) program was initiated. Anextensive history of the BSE program has been compiled by Wheeler13. Another version hasbeen authored by Henson5.Implemented on a semester basis, the BSE program consists of a total of 128 credit hours ofcourse work. Four concentrations are available within the BSE program. They are Civil,Electrical, Industrial, and Mechanical Engineering, and correspond to the traditional areas ofpractice covered by these disciplines. Degree requirements include completion of a one semester
Conference Session
Recruitment and Retention
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Don Sweat, Prairie View A&M University; Teasa Northern, Prairie View A&M University; Brandon Green, Prairie View A&M University; James Northern, Prairie View A&M University
Tagged Divisions
Minorities in Engineering
Figure 4The results were conclusive, and approximately 80.4% of students grades improved. In an effortto further study impacts we plan to add information regarding classes that did not use theprogram.SummaryAs a ABET accredited program it is important that colleges and universities strive to enhance theacademic performance of all students. This program illustrates a successful method to enhanceand improve the scores and grades of our future Engineers. To maintain a functional program asurvey will be conducted to rate the overall semester and provide an opportunity for students andfaculty to give feedback on how we can improve our Enrichment Program.1. Bruner, R. (2000, July 24). Minority gains essential to US technology future. Electronic ews
Conference Session
Off the Beaten Path
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Edward Gehringer, North Carolina State University
Tagged Divisions
New Engineering Educators
AC 2008-1478: UNDERSTANDING AND RELATING TO YOUR INTERNATIONALSTUDENTSEdward Gehringer, North Carolina State University Page 13.1309.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2008 Understanding and Relating to Your International Students Edward F. Gehringer North Carolina State University efg@ncsu.eduAbstractIn most engineering programs, international students constitute the majority of the graduatepopulation, and a rising percentage of the undergraduate population. It is important forengineering faculty to understand these students’ expectations of
Conference Session
Opportunities for Entrepreneurship Programs and Program Assessment
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
James Green, University of Maryland; Georgina Johnston, University of Maryland
Tagged Divisions
Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation
AC 2008-1094: A HOLISTIC PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT SYSTEM FORENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATIONJames Green, University of Maryland James V. Green is the Director of the award-winning Hinman CEOs Program. In this role, he advises students in their new ventures, instructs entrepreneurship courses, and manages a host of educational programs including the Technology Start-Up Boot Camp and the MTECH Ventures Execution Education Program. James earned a BS of Industrial Engineering from the Georgia Institute of Technology, a MS in Technology Management from the University of Maryland University College, an MBA from the University of Michigan, and a Doctor of Management from the University of Maryland
Conference Session
Innovations in Teaching Physics or Engineering Phy
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Adrian Ieta, Murray State University; Arthur Pallone
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Physics & Physics
/technology. (+3)Identified alternative equipment/technology and why did not choose it. (+2)Theory.Explained the underlying physics/engineering principles including any assumptions. (+8)Explicitly identified the meaning of symbols in equations. (+2)Explained the derivation of the final equation/model including any additional assumptions. (+8)Results and ConclusionResults based on the final equation/model presented in Theory. (+7)Conclusions supported by the results. (+7)FormatIntroduction.Did the students introduce themselves? (+1)Did the introduction identify the purpose of the oral report? (+2)Was an outline or agenda for the oral report presented? (+1)Sequence.Does the oral report convey information in a logical, meaningful sequence? (+4)Visual
Conference Session
Learning from Entrepreneurship Programs
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Karen Thornton, University of Maryland; Jacqueline Rogers, University of Maryland (Retired); Nathan Myers, University of Maryland; Monica Neukomm, University of Maryland
Tagged Divisions
Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation
the business division, and at UM the Maryland Technology Enterprise Institute(MTECH), a unit in the Clark School of Engineering, manages the program. Being housed inboth a business and engineering department offers students a collaborative and broad perspectivetoward entrepreneurship that combines the two departments’ strengths.This program can already point to many successes, but there have been programmatic shifts toadjust for lessons learned about the depth of some students’ challenges – and the challengesinvolved in developing a new model for entrepreneurship education.This paper addresses program experiences and lessons learned in five critical areas: ̇ Screening and selection of Hillman Entrepreneurs; ̇ The transfer process
Conference Session
Potpourri
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Mary Anderson-Rowland, Arizona State University
Tagged Divisions
Women in Engineering
: • Providing ABET course control documents for the courses3 • Providing current course syllabi3 • Having qualified CC faculty (master’s degree and 18 hours within engineering)3 • CC faculty teach courses at the four-year institution • Link community college classrooms with four-year college classrooms taught on the four-year college campus5Articulation: Articulation agreements (state-wide, if possible) are a necessity for a smoothtransition for a community college transfer. The engineering and technology part of the IllinoisArticulation Initiative, started in the early 1990’s, is described by Mirman and Skattum.6Articulation agreements are an important part of
Conference Session
Global Engineering in an Interconnected World
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Gregg Warnick, Brigham Young University; Spencer Magleby, Brigham Young University; Robert Todd, Brigham Young University; Alan Parkinson, Brigham Young University
Tagged Divisions
International
AC 2008-1230: GLOBALIZATION: A NEW FRONTIER FOR CAPSTONECOURSESGregg Warnick, Brigham Young University Gregg Warnick came to Brigham Young University (BYU) in May 2006 as the External Relations Coordinator for the Department of Mechanical Engineering. He actively works to recruit approximately thirty industrially-sponsored projects each year for the Engineering and Technology capstone course. He is currently working to increase international project opportunities for students and faculty. He is also the internship coordinator and helps students develop and improve their resumes and interviewing skills and to help identify potential job opportunities. In addition, he is responsible for
Conference Session
Tricks of the Trade II
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
John Marshall, University of Southern Maine; June Marshall, St. Joseph's College
Tagged Divisions
New Engineering Educators
students do. It requirescompelling problems and well-designed laboratories, studios, workshops, and playingspaces. It demands strenuous efforts and experts to intercede with stories, admonitions,or principles when students fail, as they must, if they are to learn. Most of the learningthat results in the expertise of the practicing scientist, engineer, or poet is accomplishedthrough hands and minds on a task. Just think of the contrast between the activities ofapprentices in a workshop and the passivity of pupils in a lecture hall.If we refocus our efforts on learning, professors can exploit information technology toprovide data, scholarly references, and simulated problems for cognitive workshops. Inthose workspaces, student investigators will
Conference Session
The Academic Environment
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Lisa McClain, Boise State University; Cheryl Schrader, Boise State University; Janet Callahan, Boise State University
Tagged Divisions
Women in Engineering
expansion phase, have the greatest opportunity tochange climate and shape culture in the shortest amount of time. It is these institutions wherecreative solutions can be implemented, often out of necessity, and a large degree of influenceobserved.Equally as important in S&E is the value placed on technology in the community surrounding agiven university, which can prevent feelings of isolation and marginalization by faculty typically Page 13.713.10underrepresented in academe. Boise State University is located at the center of one of thenation’s notable high technology areas. Engineers and scientists form a large percentage of theworkforce, and
Conference Session
Preparing Engineering Students for International Practice
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Paul Stanton, United States Military Academy; Eugene Ressler, United States Military Academy
Tagged Divisions
International
2005 in support of Operation Enduring Freedom where he helped to establish the National Military Academy of Afghanistan. Page 13.39.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2008 A framework for building sustainable IT infrastructure to support undergraduate education in a developing nationWe present a process model for building sustainable information technology infrastructure tosupport undergraduate education in developing nations. We began applying the model in 2004in Kabul, Afghanistan at the nation’s brand new National Military Academy. Assessments ofprogress and problems that have occurred there have
Conference Session
Tricks of the Trade I
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Jerry Samples, University of Pittsburgh -Johnstown
Tagged Divisions
New Engineering Educators
AC 2008-1438: LEADERSHIP 104: THE TEACHER-SCHOLAR CULTUREJerry Samples, University of Pittsburgh -Johnstown JERRY SAMPLES is Professor of Mechanical Engineering Technology and the Vice President for Academic Affairs at the University of Pittsburgh at Johnstown (UPJ). He holds a BS ChE. from Clarkson College, and MS and Ph.D. in ME from Oklahoma State University. He taught at the United States Military Academy for 12 years before joining UPJ in 1996. His recent work has been in the area of foundations of good teaching and development of advanced teaching methods. Page 13.839.1© American Society
Conference Session
Money and People; Resource Management for Recruitment and Retention
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Debra Lasich, Colorado School of Mines; Candace Sulzbach, Colorado School of Mines
Tagged Divisions
Women in Engineering
Engineering,Journal of Engineering Education, Vol. 95, No.1, 2006, p. 53.2 Seymour, E. & Hewitt, N. Talking About Leaving: Why Undergraduates Leave the Sciences, Colorado: WestviewPress, 1997, p. 15.3 Profiles of Engineering and Engineering Technology Colleges, 2006 Edition, Washington D.C.: American Societyfor Engineering Education.4 Profiles of Engineering and Engineering Technology Colleges, 2006 Edition, Washington D.C.: American Societyfor Engineering Education. Page 13.1260.125 Harvard Business School Press, Managing Change and Transition, Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2003.pp. 33-45.6 Knapp, M. & Hall. J. Nonverbal
Conference Session
K-12 Programs for Girls and Young Women
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Susan Burkett, University of Arkansas; Claire Small, Springdale High School; Charles Rossetti, University of Arkansas; Bryan Hill, University of Arkansas; Carol Gattis, University of Arkansas
Tagged Divisions
Women in Engineering
rewarding it has been. Thestudents toured the facility and saw the cakes being made and packaged, a highly automatedprocess. Students saw real world applications of science, math, technology and engineering usedin product production. The students also saw women in challenging engineering roles which isimportant to help visualize themselves in those roles.Day 4 – Keep Moving On UpThe teams finished their projects from day 2 which was to design, construct and program anelevator system. Teams who finished early were challenged with adding another floor to theirelevator project. This twist increased the problem solving challenge and provided an additionalprogramming challenge relative to the operation of the elevator for multiple floors.After the
Conference Session
Enhancing K12 Mathematics Education with Engineering
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Eli Silk, University of Pittsburgh; Christian Schunn, University of Pittsburgh
Tagged Divisions
K-12 & Pre-College Engineering
of alignment is an important consideration when designing engineeringcurricula to teach mathematics. We simultaneously conducted a case study analysis of animplementation of the robotics curriculum in an eighth grade technology classroom to assesswhether mathematics ideas were salient as students engaged with the tasks. When prompted bythe teacher, especially during whole-class discussion, we observed students bringing in a widerange of formal mathematics ideas. Despite that, because of the multitude and diversity of thosemathematics ideas, significant mathematics learning did not occur. These findings suggest thatrobotics is a promising engineering context in which to engage students in thinking aboutmathematics, but that further supports
Conference Session
Preparing Engineers for the Global Workplace
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Alan Parkinson, Brigham Young University; John Harb, Brigham Young University; Spencer Magleby, Brigham Young University; Chelita Pate, Brigham Young University
Tagged Divisions
International
AC 2008-862: EXTENDING OUR REACH: WHAT WE HAVE LEARNED IN TWOYEARS OF ENGINEERING STUDY ABROAD PROGRAMSAlan Parkinson, Brigham Young UniversityJohn Harb, Brigham Young UniversitySpencer Magleby, Brigham Young UniversityChelita Pate, Brigham Young University Page 13.600.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2008 Extending Our Reach: What We Have Learned in Two Years of Engineering Study Abroad ProgramsAbstractTwo years ago the Ira A. Fulton College of Engineering and Technology at BYU embarked onan ambitious program to develop engineering study abroad programs. As a first step, we studiedprograms around the
Conference Session
New Trends in Graduate Engineering Education
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Jeffrey Marston, Western Carolina University; Brian Howell, Western Carolina University; James Zhang, Western Carolina University; Roger Clapp, WATR
Tagged Divisions
Graduate Studies
AC 2008-557: GRADUATE LEARNING THROUGH ENGAGEMENT:EXPERIENCE IN ENVIRONMENTAL REMOTE SENSING STATION DESIGNJeffrey Marston, Western Carolina UniversityBrian Howell, Western Carolina UniversityJames Zhang, Western Carolina UniversityRoger Clapp, WATR Page 13.650.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2008Graduate Learning through Engagement: Experience in Environmental Remote Sensing Station Design Jeffrey Marston†, Brian Howell†, James Z. Zhang†, and Roger B. Clapp‡ † Department of Engineering and Technology, Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, NC 28723 ‡ Watershed Association of the Tuckaseegee River, Bryson City, NC
Conference Session
Engineering Professional Development for K12 Teachers
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Austin Talley, University of Texas at Austin; Kathy Schmidt, University of Texas at Austin; Kristin Wood, University of Texas at Austin; Richard Crawford, University of Texas at Austin
Tagged Divisions
K-12 & Pre-College Engineering
interests include development of computational representations and tools to support engineering design, geometric modeling, and manufacturing applications of solid freeform fabrication techniques. Since 1992, Dr. Crawford has been involved in the development of design technology training institutes for K-12 teachers. Recent institutes have focused on robotics and automation using LEGO® MINDSTORMS® NXT. Page 13.145.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2008 Understanding the Effects of Active Learning in Action: What Happens When the “New” Wears Off in Teacher TrainingAbstractIn-service
Conference Session
Potpourri II
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Betsy Homsher, Kettering University; Janet Brelin-Fornari, Kettering University; Terri Lynch-Caris, Kettering University
Tagged Divisions
Women in Engineering
session and logistics adjusted according to dynamic conditions. Table 1: Assessment Methods and MeasuresMentors Mentors play an essential role in the LITE Program. Kettering undergraduate women(selected by program staff through a competitive application process) serve as advisers, programguides and, perhaps most importantly, as role models. LITE mentors exemplify what theprogram is all about: smart and talented young women pursuing academic degrees; preparing forcareers in engineering, science, and technology; and enjoying college life. They represent thevery best of
Conference Session
The Academic Environment
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Monica Young, Syracuse University; John Tillotson, SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY
Tagged Divisions
Women in Engineering
students in engineering. They alsoassent that the tenure process is essentially the same for all faculty members, but many malefaculty members neglected to consider the unique challenges associated with childbirth andextension of the tenure clock that many women face. Female faculty members expressed greaterdifficulty establishing research collaborations, but all faculty members realized the potential for amore positive departmental climate as more female faculty members are hired.IntroductionThe global economy in the 21st century requires the United States to invest significantly inscience, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education to ensure our prominenceand leadership in the advancement of scientific and technological knowledge