Conference Session

Distance Learning in ET

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Akram Hossain, Purdue University Calumet; Niaz Latif, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

SD BayStack 650 Wir eles s Ac ces s Point BayStack 650 Wir eles s Ac ces s Point Bay Networks Bay Networks Figure 1. Polycom network and Ethernet network system, and Wide Area Network among Servers

Conference Session

Student Learning Techniques & Practices in Engineering Technology

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

B. Sridhara, Middle Tennessee State University; Joseph Prince, Middle Tennessee State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

AC 2008-1442: SOME INTERESTING ENGINEERING PROBLEMS WITHOBJECTS OF SIMPLE GEOMETRY AND RELATIVELY COMPLEXMATHEMATICAL FORMULATIONB. Sridhara, Middle Tennessee State University Dr. B. S. Sridhara is a professor in the Department of Engineering Technology and Industrial Studies at Middle Tennessee State University. He received his B.S.M.E. and M.S.M.E. degrees from Bangalore University and Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India. He received his M.S.M.E. and Ph. D. degrees from Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey, and Auburn University, Alabama. Dr. Sridhara has published several peer-reviewed articles in the areas of Acoustics, Vibration, finite element methods, and

Conference Session

Foster Excellence

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ardie Walser, City College of the City University of New York

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

environment).CurriculumAs in any academic program, the development of a cohesive curriculum is important, particularlywhen the program extends across departments, learning environments and academic institutions.The perspective of the community college on curriculum and the transferability of courses can bequite different from that of the 4-year institution. During the process of developing anarticulation agreement, it is not unusual for the community college to ask for a number of corepre-engineering courses (e.g., calculus, physics, chemistry, Engineering Design) that thecommunity college student could use to transfer into the engineering (and computer science)program/s at the 4-year institution. These core courses are selected so as to reflect the

Conference Session

The Year of Dialogue: What We Have Learned So Far

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

J. P. Mohsen, University of Louisville; Ronald Barr, University of Texas at Austin

Tagged Divisions

Campus Representatives

K-12 and Outreach Issues C. Curriculum Reform and Evaluation Issues D. Outside Resources and Influences E. Research Topics and IssuesThus, some consensus of topics could be construed. It should be noted that there is no guaranteethat 100% of all thoughts and comments were captured from the twelve Section YOD events. Table 2: Topics Discussed at the Section YOD Panels E S G P P N S N Il/ NM M R T Total Cate- Topic

Conference Session

Institutional and Curricular Reform

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Goldberg, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Andreas Cangellaris, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Michael Loui, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Raymond Price, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Bruce Litchfield, Univ Of Illinois-Urbana Champaign

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

AC 2008-1667: IFOUNDRY: ENGINEERING CURRICULUM REFORM WITHOUTTEARSDavid Goldberg, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign David E. Goldberg is Jerry S. Dobrovolny Distinguished Professor in Entrepreneurial Engineering at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.Andreas Cangellaris, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Andreas C. Cangellaris is M. E. Van Valkenburg Professor in Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.Michael Loui, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Michael Loui is Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.Raymond Price, University of Illinois at Urbana

Conference Session

Assessing Design Coursework

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Graham Thomas, Texas Southern University; Esther Thomas, Texas Southern University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

anundergraduate electronics engineering technology class in which case studies are utilized.Examples of the cases used, their sources, and the method used to incorporate these cases intoclassroom teaching and learning are provided. In addition, students’ comments on the benefitsassociated with the use of cases as a learning tool will be provided and a general summary of thecomments will be presented.Developing Cases for Use in the Engineering ClassroomA case is a narrative account of a situation, problem or decision usually derived from actualexperience. Cases are often a reflection of real world situation and issues which decision makers,such as managers and engineers encounter in formulating plans aimed at finding solutions to agiven problem(s) 6. In

Conference Session

Service Courses for Non-Engineers

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Krupczak, Hope College; David Ollis, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

Technological Literacy Constituent Committee

America Modern,” Wiley (1996).9. Bloomfield, L., How Things Work: The Physics of Everyday Life, 2nd Edition (Wiley, New York, 2001).10. Bloomfield, L., Explaining the Physics of Everyday Life. University of Virginia. 11. Carlson, W. Bernard, “Technological Literacy And Empowerment: Exemplars From The History Of Technology,” Proceedings of the 2006 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference (2006). American Society for Engineering Education. .12. Converging Technologies at Union College, Union College, .13. Daniels, S., M. Collura, B. Aliane, J. Nocito-Gobel, “Project-Based Introduction to Engineering – Course Assessment, Proceedings of the 2004 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference

Conference Session

Web-Based Education

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Felipe Arango, Stevens Institute of Technology; Gonca Altuger, Stevens Institute of Technology; El-Sayed Aziz, Stevens Institute of Technology; Constantin Chassapis, Stevens Institute of Technology; Sven Esche, Stevens Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

, SecondReiff Implementation: http://www.manuelglasl.de/index.php?article_id=1/.[8] Virtual Chemistry at the Brigham Young University: http://chemlab.byu.edu/Tour.php.[9] Freitas, S. D., (2006), “Learning in immersive worlds: a review of game-based learning”, Prepared for the JISC e-Learning Program.[10] Wang, G. G., “Bringing games into the classroom in teaching quality control”, Online document at: http://www.umanitoba.ca/faculties/engineering/mech_and_ind/prof/wang/index_files/Game-8-25-03.pdf.[11] “Source” game engine: http://www.valvesoftware.com/.[12] Arango, F., Chang, C., Esche, S. K. & Chassapis, C., (2007), “A scenario for collaborative learning in virtual engineering laboratories”, Proceedings of the 37th ASEE/IEEE

Conference Session

Measuring Success of Graduate Program Components

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nathan McNeill, Purdue University; Monica Cox, Purdue University; Heidi Diefes-Dux, Purdue University; Tenille Medley, Purdue University; Jeremi Hayes, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

J. Turner, "Growing a Garden Without Water: Graduate Teaching Assistants in Introductory Science Laboratories at a Doctoral/Research University," Journal of Research in Science Teaching, vol. 41, pp. 211-233, 2004.[2] E. Seymour, Partners in Innovation: Teaching Assistants in College Science Courses. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2005.[3] D. M. Shannon, D. J. Twale, and M. S. Moore, "TA Teaching Effectiveness: The Impact of Training and Teaching Experience," Journal of Higher Education, vol. 69, pp. 440-466, 1998.[4] D. A. Torvi, "Engineering Graduate Teaching Assistant Instructional Programs: Training Tomorrow’s Faculty Members," Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 83, pp. 1-6, 1994.[5

Conference Session

FPD5 - Teaming and Peer Performance

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Claribel Bonilla, University of San Diego; Leonard Perry, University of San Diego

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

rapid understanding of this tool in the academic Page 13.576.8environment. This will lead to enhancing not only the students’ teaming experience but theengineering learning environment.References 1. “Engineering Education for a Changing World,” Report prepared by the ASEE Engineering Deans' Council and Corporate Roundtable, Washington,D.C., ASEE, 1994. 2. ASTD, "Workplace Basics: The Skills Employers Want," American Society for Training and Development and U. S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration, 1988. 3. Evans, D. L., G. C. Beakley, P. E. Crouch, and G. T. Yamaguchi, "Attributes of Engineering

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Poster Session

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Mativo, The University of Georgia; Nadia Kellam, University of Georgia

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

: How responsive has the engineering curriculum and accreditation requirements been to cultural and societal changes?Authors investigate the conditions of three time periods namely: 1800’s to pre-world war II(apprentice, vocational focused), World War II to 2000 (engineering Sciences focused), and2000 to present (outcome focused). The guiding questions that helped answer the main researchquestion are the following: • What experiences did a typical student have prior to entering an engineering program in each time period? • What were the accreditation requirements during each of the time periods? • What was a typical curriculum within each of the time periods?Findings from this effort will provide recommendations to

Conference Session

Teaching Strategies in Graphics

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Theodore Branoff, North Carolina State University; Eric Wiebe, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

they generallycompleted two items at the same time, they were asked to give them the same rank number.There were 19 different strategies used to complete the textbook material. Analyzing the order inwhich students completed the activities, the top three strategies were:1. Watched the voiced-over PowerPoint(s), read and reviewed the chapter(s), and then completed the WebCT Vista assessment (30%).2. Read and reviewed the chapter(s) and then completed the WebCT Vista assessment (11%).3. Read the chapter(s), watched the voiced-over PowerPoints, and then completed the WebCT Vista assessment (7%). Page 13.602.8Students completed the solid modeling

Conference Session

AEC Education: Instructional Strategies and Innovation

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Cowan, Indiana University-Purdue University-Indianapolis

Tagged Divisions

Architectural

Page 13.14.3assessment tool that would have value to the community as well as the academicpartner. In doing so, it will focus upon the tools that are of value to the teacherand overall service learning program more than the students and it will also seekout the types of questions and answers that serve the clients’ needs.Literature Review: Service Learning as PedagogyService Learning charts a relatively new avenue in pedagogical research. It hasonly seen a surge in research activity since the 1990’s 3, so it suffers from ashortage of literature steeped in the discipline. Even leaner is the amount ofmaterial that addresses client satisfaction or community partner assessmentstrategies related to service learning projects.It is best to begin with

Conference Session

Capstone Design I

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andrew Willis, University of North Carolina at Charlotte; James Conrad, University of North Carolina at Charlotte

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

Image Processing FPGA Board(s) and environment sensors (light, acceleration, compass, bump, and sonar). 4. Develop algorithms that translate image knowledge and sensor measurements to path planning, complete with in-course path modification. 5. Test the system on flat and angled terrain with existing obstacles.Specific educational outcomes of the robotic design aspects of the project included (1)understanding pulse width modulated (PWM) motor controllers, (2) power considerations inmobile computing designs, (3) Linux device driver programming, (4) RS232 hardwarecommunications design.3. Results AchievedAs is typical of ambitious senior design projects such as this, the teams fell short ofaccomplishing all their stated goals. This

Conference Session

Computer Applications in Energy Courses

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Frank Li, Youngstown State University; Theodore Burke, Ajax Tocco; Jalal Jalali, Youngstown State University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

. M. Feliachi and G. Develey, “Magneto-thermal behavior finite element analysis for ferromagnetic materials in induction heating devices,” IEEE Trans. Indust. Applicat. Syst., vol. 27, pp. 5235–5237, Nov. 1997.7. F. Dughiero, M. Forzan, and S. Lupi, “Solution of coupled electromagnetic and thermal problems in induction heating applications,” Inst. Elect. Eng. Comput. Electromagn., no. 420, pp. 301–305, 1996.8. I.-G. Kwak and S.-Y. Hahn, “Design sensitivity of transient electro thermal problems for the specific temperature distribution,” IEEE Trans. Magn., vol. 36, pp. 1148–1152, July 2000.9. Zhang Jinlong; Chen Houjin, "Integrating RTOS into SHARC DSP to implement parallel processing," Signal Processing, 2004

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Patrick Tebbe, Minnesota State University-Mankato; Stewart Ross, Minnesota State University, Mankato; Michael Ostendorf, Minnesota State University-Mankato; Scott Cray, Minnesota State University-Mankato

Techniques to Computer- Based Instruction of Introductory Thermodynamics,” Proceedings of the 2002 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference (2002).6. Tebbe, P, Ross, S., Weninger, B, Kvamme, S., and Boardman, J., “Promoting Student Engagement in Thermodynamics with Engineering Scenarios,” Proceedings of the 2007 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference (2007), paper AC 2007-1731.7. Tebbe, P, Ross, S., Weninger, B, Kvamme, S., and Boardman, J., “Assessing the Relationship Between Student Engagement and Performance in Thermodynamics – Phase I,” Proceedings of the 2007 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference (2007), paper AC 2007-1722

Conference Session

Projects & Partnerships Result in Student Learning

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Linda Wanless, Michigan Technological University; Scott Amos, Michigan Technological University; John Irwin, Michigan Technological University; David Wanless, Michigan Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

more efficient.General Arrangement in EERC SB-36: Page 13.1292.16 16Existing Equipments Arrangement R Material Crib Hallway C Cut-off Saw SB-37 B Belt Sander SB-37 S Band Saw Dow/ATDC D Drill Press SB-36 M Vertical Mill SB-36 A Assembly Bench SB-36 ANALYSIS AND RESULTSLink No. Routing(Operation

Conference Session

The Impact of Engineering Disciplines

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Venetia Dover, Howard University; Dawn Williams, Howard University; Lorraine Fleming, Howard University; Viara Quinones, Howard University

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

findings provide insights about the role that academic climate plays on the postbaccalaureate decision making process.IntroductionResearch suggest that the number of women earning baccalaureate degrees in science andengineering has increased every year since 1966 (excluding 1988) and by 2004 women earned44% of master’s degrees in science and engineering (as illustrated in Figures 1 and 2)1.Although the number of baccalaureate degrees for men in science and engineering reached over224,000 in 2004, the number of master’s degrees earned by men in the sciences and engineeringdeclined during the 1990s (as illustrated in Figures 1 and 2)2. Figure 1. Bachelor's degrees awarded in S&E and non-S&E fields

Conference Session

Measuring Success of Graduate Program Components

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gerald Crain, University of Oklahoma; James Sluss, University of Oklahoma; Monte Tull, University of Oklahoma; Samuel Lee, University of Oklahoma

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

areas of optical communications and photonics. He has been awarded seven U. S. patents and has authored/co-authored numerous journal and conference publications. He is a member of the IEEE Education Society, IEEE Communications Society, OSA, and ASEE.Monte Tull, University of Oklahoma MONTE P. TULL joined Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Oklahoma in 1996 after a 29-year career in advanced switching technology at AT&T, Bell Labs, and Lucent Technologies. Research interests are in digital hardware, multiple-valued logic, reconfigurable computing, and embedded systems. BS Physics, East Central State University; MSIE, OU; MSEE, OSU; PhDEE, OU.Samuel Lee

Conference Session

Design in Engineering Education Potpourri

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Serdar Tumkor, Stevens Intitute of Technology; Kishore Pochiraju, Stevens Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

and appreciated creation of prototypes forpresentation of concepts and for testing the human interfaces of the products.Bibliography1. Pahl, G. and Beitz, W., Engineering Design, Springer-Verlag, London, 1984.2. Ullman, D.G., The Mechanical Design Process, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1992.3. Ertas A., Jones J.C., “Engineering Design Process”, John Willey and Sons, 19974. Dieter G., “Engineering Design”, McGraw-Hill, 1993.5. Shigley, J. E. & C. R. Mischke, 1989, Mechanical Engineering Design, 5th. ed., McGraw-Hill, New York.6. Harris, L.V.A. and Meyers F., “Graphics: Into the 21st Century”, ASEE 07 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition, AC2007-327.7. Tumkor, S., Fidan, I

Conference Session

Engineering Accreditation Around the World

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Krishna Vedula, University of Massachusetts-Lowell; Maria M. Larrondo Petrie, Florida Atlantic University

Tagged Divisions

International

education (details of diploma are not yet decided).10. COMMITMENTS FROM PARTICIPANTSParticipating faculty are expected to prepare for the workshops before hand using materials to be provided. All participatingfaculty will be expected to complete projects based on the workshop/s attended and assess outcomes in the relevantcourses they teach during the following semester. Participants selected to be Trainers will be expected to offer at least oneworkshop in their own region (in the following Fall semester or Spring semester). All participants will be expected to conductone workshop in their region for attracting high quality students to enter the teaching profession. A report on the outcomes ofthese workshops will be expected by IUCEE, in

Conference Session

Our Future in Manufacturing

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Danny Bee, University of Wisconsin-Stout; Richard Rothaupt, University of Wisconsin-Stout; Linards Stradins, University of Wisconsin-Stout

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

" " S A c a d e m i c t a r t Y e a r

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Capstone Design Projects

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yanfei Liu, Indiana University Purdue University, Fort Wayne (Eng); Jiaxin Zhao, Indiana University-Purdue University-Fort Wayne

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

of the students to communicate effectively.There are also other assessment activities related to the capstone senior design project.Throughout the first semester, the project advisor(s) assess the problem statement, the generatedconceptual designs, the evaluation of the conceptual designs, and the detailed final design. Theassessment is based on the written reports provided by the team. Throughout the secondsemester, the project advisor(s) assess the measured parameters statement, building prototype,testing and evaluation, and the final design report. The measured parameters statement and thefinal design report are assessed based on the written reports provided by the team. The buildingprototype, testing and evaluation are assessed through

Conference Session

Interdisciplinary Education

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

HuiRu Shih, Jackson State University; Wei Zheng, Jackson State University; Wilbur L Walters, Jackson State University; Stevenson Paradeshi, Jackson State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

under the grant EEC-0634279 (programmanager Dr. Mary Poats). Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendationsexpressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of theNational Science Foundation.References1. Gabbert, U. and Tzou, H. S. (2001). Smart Structures and Structronic System, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Boston, London.2. Song, G., Qiao, P. Z., Binienda, W. K. and Zou, G. P. (2002). “Active Vibration Damping of Composite Beam using Smart Sensors and Actuators.” Journal of Aerospace Engineering, July 2002, 97-103. Page 13.1086.123. Inman, D. J. (1994

Conference Session

Materials In Design And Manufacturing

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Krishna Bhavaraju, University of Louisiana at Lafayette; Pavel Ikonomov, Western Michigan University; Suren Dwivedi, University of Louisiana at Lafayette; Alamgir Choudhury, Western Michigan University

K R F S L M5 SS L M3 M1 M4 M2 M4 M5 M2 M3 M1 Moments and their resultant direction Figure 1 Physics of OT3. MethodologyOnce theory is determined

Conference Session

Distinguished Lecture: Indo/Us Collaboration

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Krishna Vedula, University of Massachusetts-Lowell; Hans Hoyer, American Society for Engineering Education

education (details of diploma are not yet decided).10. COMMITMENTS FROM PARTICIPANTSParticipating faculty are expected to prepare for the workshops before hand using materials to be provided. All participatingfaculty will be expected to complete projects based on the workshop/s attended and assess outcomes in the relevantcourses they teach during the following semester. Participants selected to be Trainers will be expected to offer at least oneworkshop in their own region (in the following Fall semester or Spring semester). All participants will be expected to conductone workshop in their region for attracting high quality students to enter the teaching profession. A report on the outcomes ofthese workshops will be expected by IUCEE, in

Conference Session

Mechanics and the Internet

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Siamak Faridani, University of Oklahoma; Kurt Gramoll, University of Oklahoma

Tagged Divisions

Mechanics

AC 2008-2116: ONLINE INTERACTIVE MEMS EXPERIMENTS ANDWEB-BASED CURRICULUMSiamak Faridani, University of Oklahoma S. Faridani is a PhD student at the University of Oklahoma.Kurt Gramoll, University of Oklahoma K. Gramoll is the Hughes Centennial Professor of Engineering and Director of the Engineering Media Lab at the University of Oklahoma. Dr. Gramoll received his B.S. degree in Civil Engineering and M.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering, both from the University of Utah and received his Ph.D. in Engineering Science and Mechanics from Virginia Tech. He has developed and published several CDs and web-based sites for engineering education

Conference Session

Issues of Cooperative Education I

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joe Raelin, Northeastern University; Jerry Hamann, University of Wyoming; David Whitman, University of Wyoming; Rachelle Reisberg, Northeastern University

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative & Experiential Education

Page 13.1220.2academic learning. These programs comprise co-op jobs, internships, apprenticeships, and othermethods that integrate experience in the world with experience in the classroom. Theseapproaches are becoming increasingly relevant in a work culture characterized by the need tocontinuously reflect and learn from ongoing experience.2 A 1998 census of cooperativeeducation found that approximately 250,000 U.S. students were placed in cooperative educationjobs that year.3 In 2006, the career publisher Vault.com. reported in its third Internship Surveythat some 62% of undergraduate students completed an internship that year.4In terms of outcome studies from co-op, the majority of research was conducted in the 1970’sand 1980’s due to the

Conference Session

FPD1 - Early Success and Retention

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alicia Boudreaux, Louisiana Tech University; Kelly Crittenden, Louisiana Tech University; James Nelson, Louisiana Tech University; Galen Turner, Louisiana Tech University

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

in the fall. The FrEP project, supported by NSF STEP and S-STEM grants,continues to provide scholarships for these FrEP students through their freshman year. OurIntegrated Curricula are structured such that students register for a block of core classes, and theS-STEM student cohort comprises one of these blocks. Throughout the academic year, studentmentors are assigned to this cohort to conduct Supplemental Instruction sessions each week.At present, 85% of this initial FrEP cohort has been retained in a STEM discipline. Data from theprevious three years show an average freshman to sophomore STEM retention rate for a similarcohort of 59%. These students also have displayed more confidence, positive attitudes, respect,and a greater

Conference Session

Reaching Students: Innovations to Curriculum in ET

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

C. Richard Helps, Brigham Young University; Mark Patterson, University of Dayton

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

) Context and the Role of Standards in Increasing the Value of Learning Objects, in McGreal, R. Online Education Using Learning Objects (Open and Flexible Learning), pp. 159-167, Oxford, England: RoutledgeFalmer, 2004.8. S. Brand (1994) How Buildings Learn: What Happens After They're Built. London: Viking Penguin.9. J. Enkenberg (2001) Instructional Design and Emerging Teaching Models in Higher Education, Computers in Human Behavior, Vol. 17, pp. 495-506.10. I. Douglas (2001) Instructional Design Based on Reusable Learning objects: Applying Lessons of Object- Oriented Software Engineering to Learning Systems Design, in Frontiers in Education, 2001.11. D. R. Robertson (2003) Making Time, Making Change