Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Widmann, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; John Chen, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Jocelyn Gee; Melissa Melton; Nicholas Seah; Brian Self, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo

, Belongingness, Expectancy, Instrumentality, and Connectedness. Members of this cluster may include students who do not identify with engineering as a profession or as an academic field of study. • Cluster 4: Without Feeling of Support from Faculty and Peers (n = 94). Cluster 4 has the fewest members and displays strongly negative values for several NCA factors that may predict lower student success. Members of this cluster scored lower than all other clusters for Engineering Identity, Instrumentality, Perceptions of the Future, Expectancy, Belongingness, Agreeableness, and Perceptions of Faculty Support.Data CollectionAt Cal Poly data collection began in the 2017-2018 academic year using the Scantron version

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sarah Yang, National Science Foundation; Erin Steigerwalt, American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE); Gary Lichtenstein, Arizona State University; Kelsey Watts, Clemson University

Kelsey Watts is a fifth-year graduate student at Clemson University. She is part of the Engineering Education Research Peer Review Training (EER PERT) team. She has also developed Systems Biology education modules to enhance computational thinking skills in high school students. © American Society for Engineering Education, 2022 Powered by www.slayte.com Workshop Result: Feedback from the 2021 Engineering Research Center Planning Grant WorkshopAbstractASEE has partnered with the National Science Foundation (NSF) to host the EngineeringResearch Center (ERC) Planning Grant Workshops (PGW) since their inception in 2018. Theworkshop purposes are

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Laila Guessous, Oakland University; Dan DelVescovo, Oakland University; Darlene Groomes, Oakland University

remotely each time), so they are not disadvantaged orexperience setbacks due to internet connection issues.Another challenge with simulation-based projects had to do with time lags and difficulties withengaging students while computer simulations were running remotely. In some cases,simulations would take hours or days to run. In a normal REU summer, students would get tointeract with their teammates or advisors during these downtimes, or would work on other taskssuch as report writing, documentation, etc. With the students working more independently fromtheir own homes and feeling at times “zoomed out,” they were less likely to interact with eachother, and in group meetings reported more frustration with their projects, particularly midwaythrough

Conference Session

ECE Division Technical Session 8: Effective Teaching and Learning in Post-Pandemic Classrooms and Other Curricular Innovations

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Martha Torres, University of Texas at El Paso; Hector Erives, University of Texas at El Paso; Virgilio Gonzalez, University of Texas at El Paso

learning strategies. (Active and Interactive Learning modes) 4- Lab report: The last activity for each lab is the final report, where each student writes their readings, analysis of the results, conclusions, and additional thoughts collected during the lab session. This section was given in asynchronous modality (Constructive learning modality).The most critical challenge in this laboratory during the COVID-19 crisis was getting specializedportable equipment (for use at home) to take measurements from the circuits implemented for thestudents and provide the electrical signal for the correct circuit function. Some availableinstruments used for the laboratory were Analog Discovery (from Digilent) andADALM2000/1000 (from Analog

Conference Session

Materials Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Benjamin Afflerbach, University of Wisconsin - Madison; Nafsaniath Fathema, University of Wisconsin - Madison; Anne Gillian-Daniel, University of Wisconsin - Madison; Wendy Crone, University of Wisconsin - Madison; Dane Morgan, University of Wisconsin - Madison

teams, thereby scaling up their impact from the typical engagement of just one or twostudents and allowing for extensive peer teaching. Throughout the program, professionaldevelopment activities are efficiently delivered through standardized materials to teach criticalresearch skills like record keeping, establishing group expectations and dynamics, and networking.These skills are also reinforced at workshop events hosted during the semester, which areeffectively delivered online and yield growing impact for modest effort as the community grows.The program has been successfully implemented as evidenced by the last two semesters’evaluation findings through interviews, focus groups, and pre-post surveys. The students reporteda positive attitude

Conference Session

NEE Technical Session - Assessment/Evaluation

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Craig Altmann, Virginia Military Institute; Jon-michael Hardin, Virginia Military Institute

themechanical engineering department.AssessmentAt the time of writing this paper, the curriculum is in the first year of implementation. Due tothis being a work in progress no assessment has been conducted at this time. In addition, thecourse is only 0.5 credit hours for the student. Due to this low number of hours and the course,being conducted in the fashion of a laboratory course but with the deliverables being design andfabrication of components for the Baja SAE car no assignments and exams were administered.In the future, an increase in hours would allow for homework problems and/or exams to beconducted. Once this change in credit hours is made, a cross-sectional study of the students’work can be conducted. The cross-sectional study will compare

Conference Session

Pre-College Engineering Education Division Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alberto Esquinca, San Diego State University; Idalis Villanueva, University of Florida; Marialuisa Di Stefano, University of Massachusetts Amherst

experiences. It also means thattranslanguaging is understood to be a key tool for expression and identification.Translanguaging is defined as the full range of dynamic linguistic practices that bilingualsengage in [14]. These practices include, but are not limited to, code switching, mixing ormeshing, bilingual reading, linguistic borrowing, writing and conversing. Our project, based onCSP and translanguaging theory, questioned the strict separation of languages as well asassimilation into whiteness as the end goal of education [13]. Strict separation of languages,however, is one of the hallmarks of DLBE in which at least 50% of the instructional time isrecommended in the partner language (i.e., a language other than English). However,depending on

Conference Session

ERM: Persistence and Attrition in Engineering

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kanembe Shanachilubwa, Pennsylvania State University; Catherine Berdanier, Pennsylvania State University; Gabriella Sallai, Pennsylvania State University

mechanisms, metrics, policy, and amelioration; engineering writing and communication; and methodological development for nontraditional data. Her NSF CAREER award studies master’s-level departure from the engineering doctorate as a mechanism of attrition. Catherine earned her B.S. in Chemistry from The University of South Dakota, her M.S. in Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering from Purdue University, and Ph.D. in Engineering Education from Purdue University.Gabriella M Sallai Gabriella Sallai is a PhD candidate in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at The Pennsylvania State University. Her work characterizes engineering graduate students’ experiences within graduate school. Gaby earned a Bachelor’s degree in

Conference Session

Faculty Development Division Technical Session 5

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Heidi Sherick, University of Michigan; Pauline Khan, University of Michigan; Tershia Pinder-Grover, University of Michigan; Deborah Covington, University of Michigan

racialmicroaggressions, practice bystander intervention strategies, and write their own scripts tointerrupt harm.CONCLUSIONIn order for progress to be made towards diversity and equity, we must be intentional throughpurposeful work that in itself is equitable and inclusive. Like most processes, an iterative flowbenefits the outcome by allowing for adjustments and input. The application of the SEDP allowsfor a scaffolding for the iterations, adjustments, inclusions, and intentionality of equitableendeavors. Our lessons learned are peppered throughout this paper because of the iterativeprocess of the socially engaged design model. Additional lessons learned include: theimportance of common language, having the upper administration go first, (modeling the way),and

Conference Session

Systems Engineering Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Henry Lester, University of Dayton; Kellie Schneider, University of Dayton; Corinne Mowrey, University of Dayton; Raymond Smith, East Carolina University

education and community-based operations research.Sarah Miller As the University of Dayton Research Services Librarian, Sarah provides advanced research services for faculty and graduate students in all disciplines including assistance with scholarly profiles, research data management, and literature notifications. She coordinates programming for the Scholars Commons, a semi-private workspace for faculty and doctoral students to read, meet with colleagues or write without distraction away from their offices. Sarah is the instruction and collections liaison for the School of Engineering and the Physical Sciences including the Geology and Environmental Geosciences, Math, and Physics departments.Raymond Smith Raymond L

Conference Session

Technological and Engineering Literacy - Philosophy of Engineering Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sayyad Zahid Qamar, Sultan Qaboos University; Nasr Al-Hinai, Sultan Qaboos University; Sayyad Qamar, Texas A&M University

operations research, product design and development, project management, and analysis of bio-composites development processes. He has published several research papers in peer-reviewed international journals and conference proceedings.Sayyad Basim Qamar (PhD Student) © American Society for Engineering Education, 2022 Powered by www.slayte.com ASEE 2022 Annual Conference & Exposition, 26-29-Jun-2022, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA Assessment of Critical Thinking Skills in Engineering EducationAbstractThe main task of engineers is designing and manufacturing of useful products. Rapid progress inscience and technology is creating more innovative

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jared Ashcroft, Pasadena City College; Billie Copley, Micro Nano Technology Education Center; Peter Kazarinoff, Portland Community College; Neda Habibi, University of North Texas; Mel Cossette, Edmonds College

college, immigrant, single parent, veteran. Each podcast has been converted into an .mp4 video file and can be viewed on MNT-EC’s YouTube channel as well. 4. The Journal of Advanced Technological Education (J ATE) launches January 31, 2022 and is a place for Community College faculty to publish peer-reviewed research papers and articles on their work in technician education. The team collaboratively worked on and finalized preparing the journal guidelines including instructions, ethical and publication policies. A major accomplishment was preparing author guidelines, instructions and templates specific to the J ATE. A submission website has also been created for the

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alan Cheville, Bucknell University; Sarah Appelhans, University at Albany-SUNY; Rebecca Thomas, Bucknell University; Stewart Thomas, Bucknell University; Robert Nickel; Stu Thompson, Bucknell University

member at the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania. Since the fall of 2007 he is a faculty member of the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department at Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania. During the 2010/2011 academic year he was a Marie Curie Incoming International Fellow at the Institute of Communication Acoustics, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany. Prof. Nickel is author/co-author of over 40 peer-reviewed scientific articles, mainly in the areas of speech signal processing, natural language processing, and machine learning.Stu Thompson (Dr.) Stu is an associate professor and chair of the department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Bucknell University, in Lewisburg, PA

Conference Session

Engineering Ethics Division: Approaches to Ethics Education (Part 2)

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Angela Bielefeldt, University of Colorado Boulder

their professional services.” [2] 2020 Completely changed the code moving from canons to a hierarchical stakeholder model, placing obligations to society (public, humanity) first, the natural and built environment second (e.g., adhere to principles of sustainable development), the profession third, clients and employers fourth, and peers fifth. The environmental considerations were significantly strengthened, moving from should and try to “a. adhere to the principles of sustainable development; b. consider and balance societal, environmental, and economic impacts…; c. mitigate adverse societal, environmental, and economic effects; and d. use resources wisely while minimizing resource

Conference Session

Engineering Ethics Division: Computing, Technology, and AI

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Franz Kurfess, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Katya Vasilaky, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Tina Cheuk, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Ryan Jenkins; Grace Nolan; Amir Hajrasouliha; Elise St John

, 2021, 2021; Ethics & Compliance Initiative (ECI), 2021;Forsberg, 2004; Marshall, 2009; Open Data Institute, 2021; Thereaux, 2021).The toolkit includes a set of questions team members should ask and reflect on throughout theresearch development process: ideation, proposal writing, sampling/data collection,instrumentation, analysis, implementation/interpretation of outcomes & products, etc. As a firststep, we noticed a need to create a basis of understanding and vision at the institutional levelamong students, instructors, and scholars on the significance of the ethical and social justiceimpacts of data science. One of the objectives of this toolkit is to establish a common languageamong individuals and teams to communicate ethical and

Conference Session

ERM: Persistence and Attrition in Engineering

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kyeonghun Jwa, Pennsylvania State University; Catherine Berdanier, Pennsylvania State University

State University and is the Director of the online Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering Program at Penn State. Her research interests include graduate-and postdoctoral-level engineering education; attrition and persistence mechanisms, metrics, policy, and amelioration; engineering writing and communication; and methodological development for nontraditional data. Her NSF CAREER award studies master’s-level departure from the engineering doctorate as a mechanism of attrition. Catherine earned her B.S. in Chemistry from The University of South Dakota, her M.S. in Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering from Purdue University, and Ph.D. in Engineering Education from Purdue University

Conference Session

Biomedical Engineering Division: Developing Lab and Research Skills for BioE/BME Students

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mark Chapman, University of San Diego; Marissa Forbes, University of San Diego

collaboration and interdisciplinarityin the student writings. For example, Dan shared about this by writing: I have learned alot about not only biology, but also how research is done, how to formulate a question that can be answered by data, and how to determine which results to include in a final report. What was most impactful professionally was the opportunity to see how my expertise in computer science could partner with science experts and together we could collaborate on a project, with each of us contributing our unique skills. (Dan) Jessica and Kate both expressed the importance of the welcoming lab environment, and forJessica, having lunch as a lab contributed to that impression: I think I had the

Conference Session

Student Division Technical 1: Diversity, Equity, Inclusivity (DEI)

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yagmur Onder, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE)

have studied the literature investigating the development of women’sengineering identities [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7]. However, who I am is more than just a womanengineer. I’m also a 2nd-generation Turkish-American immigrant, and research has also beenconducted into the identity development of 2nd-generation immigrants [8], [10], [16]. The goal ofthis paper is to add to the gap of literature addressing the intersectionality of different identities.I’m writing to the upcoming engineers, perhaps even the next Turkish-American womanmechanical engineering student, and the current existing engineering community to share whereI’ve struggled and where I’ve succeeded. I use autoethnography as the methodology to criticallyanalyze identity development

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Meagan Ita, The Ohio State University; Laine Rumreich, The Ohio State University; Krista Kecskemety, The Ohio State University; Rachel Kajfez, The Ohio State University

teams to encourage EM attributes with their students.The FYP at OSU has a strong history of employing TAs and training them through a robust multi-step program thatstarts with an orientation and continues with content knowledge checks throughout the first few weeks of everysemester [16]. As an example, in the past we have developed detailed grading training to support TAs grading oftechnical writing [17]. The FYP employs around 200 total GTAs and UTAs during any given semester and has a highturnover rate of instructional staff on all levels. This high turnover rate and large population further motivates theneed for annual orientation and content training. While our past training efforts served us well, they did not alignwith our new EML

Conference Session

LEES 7: Experiments in Experiential and Project-Based Learning

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joanna Burchfield, University of South Florida; Olukemi Akintewe, University of South Florida; Jamie Chilton, University of South Florida

, and practice of teamwork and intercultural communication are taught inengineering classrooms; in short, they are not. Although engineering programs work towardhelping their students develop teamwork competencies, teamwork in engineering classrooms hasbeen largely bereft of direct teaching about the communication-rooted components of teamwork(Kedrowicz & Nelson, 2007), tending instead to focus on the process and organizationalelements of teamwork and various levels of assessment, such as peer-assessment and observation(Chowdhry & Murzi, 2019). Intercultural competency in engineering classrooms suffers asimilar fate (Warnick, 2011; Ndubuisi, et al., 2020) and is often discussed in essentialist termswherein intercultural competency is

Conference Session

Intersections of Identity and Student Experiences: Equity, Culture & Social Justice Technical Session 10

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cole Joslyn, University of Texas at El Paso; Amira Williams, University of Texas at El Paso; Angelica Ann Littles

mother) woman. I am in the second year of my undergraduate engineering degree with aminor in Biomedical Engineering at a large HSI in the southwestern U.S. along the U.S.-Mexicoborder. Alongside my studies, I am a Research Assistant with an NSF IUSE-HSI grant, I work atthe front desk for our department, I have started a podcast to elevate the voices of my peers andmentors called “[Our Department] Inclusive Podcast”, and I am a barista at my church.As one of the contributing authors, I, Angelica Littles, identify as a cisgender AfricanAmerican/Filipina female. I am currently a second-year engineering student at a large HSI in thesouthwestern U.S. along the U.S.-Mexico border. In addition to my studies, I hold a TeachingAssistant position for a

Conference Session

Community Engagement Division Technical Session 2 - Community Engagement without Frontiers

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Juan Lucena, Colorado School of Mines; Sofia Schlezak, Colorado School of Mines; Emma Chapman, Colorado School of Mines; Mateo Rojas; Jaime Elizabeth Styer, Colorado School of Mines

acknowledge others’ perspectives(including peers and community members) and develop empathy and respect for others, evenwhen those perspectives are distant from them.3.2 Historical Positioning, Mapping, and Crafting PathwaysTo understand how the historical and political dimensions of engineering and development relateto their education and practice, stand in relation to their perspectives (see 3.1 above), andenhance or curtail their opportunities for community development work, students criticallyreflect on the history of engineering practice and education in the US. Through deep reading,analysis, and writing about works in the history of US engineering like [42]–[45] and the historyof development and engineers’ roles in it [10], [11], [46], students

Conference Session

ERM: Systematic Reviews!

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ethan Geheb, University of Maine; Asli Sezen-Barrie, University of Maine; Karissa Tilbury

, K-12 Education, and Student Learning. For example, #8 in the journalranking list was “Journal of Second Language Writing”, in which one could assume the journalhas to do with english-as-a-second-language (ESL) or english-language-learner (ELL) topicsareas. If the journal title was ambiguous, then we conducted a more thorough investigation of thejournal’s scope or aim from its website, using the inclusion criteria above. During this phase, 140journals were excluded, and 118 journals remained for the next phase of collection andevaluation. The second phase began with a keyword search within each journal database. Werecorded the following information in a spreadsheet: journal ranking, title of journal, number ofarticles, publisher, and

Conference Session

Graduate Studies Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jutshi Agarwal, University of Cincinnati; Samieh Askarian, University of Cincinnati; Gregory Bucks, University of Cincinnati; Teri Murphy, University of Cincinnati

universities participated in PFF“clusters” to help graduate students learn about and participate in faculty roles at nearbyinstitutions through seminars, mentoring, workshops, and observations [8], [17]. In their reviewof PFF programs, Diggs et al. [17] listed several distinct types of professional developmentprograms available to graduate students: formal mentoring, formal networking experiences,formal courses, short course/seminar, workshops, reading/writing assignments, teachingpracticum, and research mentoring practicum. Several publications have elaborated on smaller scale initiatives that can be categorizedin the above categories. For example, The Rising Engineering Education Faculty Experience(REEFE) founded at Virginia Tech’s Department

Conference Session

DEED Technical Session 9 - Design Across the Curriculum

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rubaina Khan, University of Toronto; Lisa Romkey, University of Toronto

is the development of students' professional identity. To bettersupport students' professional identity development, we must understand what motives, values,and experiences across the curriculum contribute to its construction.This study reports on our recent interactions with instructors, alumni, and students of anEngineering Science program. The data was collected through interviews and focus groups thatallowed us to understand how each group of participants understood the role of engineeringdesign education. The data analysis showed us that to have a nuanced understanding of thepurpose of design courses, we need to ask students to reflect on how they connect their designexperiences to their professional identity through reflective writing

Conference Session

ETD - ET Curriculum and Programs I

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ashis Nandy

Orientation• Undergraduate research experience (URE) and internships• Strengthening K12-college pipelineThe student support initiatives of URE and internships, and strengthening K12-college pipelinewere especially very fruitful with our continuous and ongoing efforts with enrollment andretention. This was possible because of the high-level of faculty engagement in writing andsecuring grants that are targeted to enhance program capacity and student learning through varioussupport mechanisms (e.g., NSF S-STEM, NSF IUSE, NSF INCLUDES). Faculty were encouragedto pursue these educational grants and were supported by the institution through grants office andby providing some release time from teaching and other service activities.Targeted Faculty

Conference Session

PCEE Session 9: Virtual Summer Programs

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alison Haugh Nowariak, University of Minnesota; Annika Gehl, Oregon State University; Gillian Roehrig, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities

specifically looking at STEM disciplines. Despite anincrease of students at the center of merging underrepresented identities enrolling inpost-secondary education institutions, their involvement in STEM programming is stilldisproportionate to straight, cis, white, peers [5]. As educators, we often think about the ways in which a student’s educational experience thattakes place many years before a student enters the workforce or a post-secondary institutionimpacts these graduation and employment rates in the STEM fields. The National ScienceFoundation Report on Science and Engineering Indicators (2018) demonstrates that thediscrepancies in STEM fields regarding gender begin before students leave high school. Of the12 Advanced Placement Courses reviewed

Conference Session

International Division Technical Session 4 - Global South Engineering

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rodrigo Martinez-Duarte; Sallie Turnbull, Clemson University; Tim Guggisberg, Clemson University; Juan Dobarganes

,and writing / presenting. The faculty was familiar with most students due to instruction ofprevious courses in the program. UG faculty provided pairs of student names which they deemedas complementary, while CU faculty did the same for groups of 3-4 students. These UG + CUgroupings were combined to form teams of 5 or 6 students. The program was held entirelyonline, and the official language was English. The course was a requirement for graduation forall students.The educational content and supporting activities of the course were structured as follows: Theclass was scheduled 5 days per week, for 2 hours per day. Core content to support the designprocess was delivered as “refreshers” on topics students would have practiced in detail during

Conference Session

DEED Technical Session 1: Adapting to COVID and other Design Challenges

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Orser, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities; Lorraine Francis, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities; John Sartori; Kyle Dukart, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities; Brody Hultman, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities; Lauren Linderman, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities; Aaron Massari, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities; R Penn, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities

challenges with teams.Nonetheless, the teams established before the pivot persisted throughout the semester andprovided students with sounding boards and peer feedback in breakout room sessions. The fearedattrition was minor, with only six students (~3%) dropping the course after the pivot to online.The most significant change was eliminating the team project and introducing two individualprojects. This change was made to avoid possible problems with teamwork in light of the pivot toZoom, such as hampered communication, team members dropping the course, or difficultysharing hardware. For the sections with 3D Printing, the individual projects were based on CADand the design of conditions for 3D Printing using slicing software. For sections

Conference Session

ERM: Engineering Identity: (Identity Part 1)

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kelsey Scalaro, University of Nevada, Reno; Indira Chatterjee, University of Nevada, Reno; Derrick Satterfield, University of Nevada, Reno; Ann-Marie Vollstedt, University of Nevada, Reno; Jeffrey Lacombe, University of Nevada, Reno; Mackenzie Parker, University of Nevada, Reno; Adam Kirn, University of Nevada, Reno

deductiveapproach to the data in which the existing theory of performance/competence was used tosupport the analysis [43]. The themes were shared with the second and last author, discussed,and refined until a consensus was reached. The other authors on this project were part of the PIteam, helped with the project's implementation, and contributed to the writing of this paper andthe interpretation of results to change programmatic features.Finally, we developed an individual narrative that illustrates a common path participants tookbetween the themes using the themes generated. This narrative presents an individual accountof identity development and brings chronological order and meaning to the data [46]. We focuson how all major themes manifest separately