Conference Session

Recruitment and Retention in Engineering Technology Programs

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Raju Dandu, Kansas State University, Salina

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

AC 2009-1208: FIRST-YEAR EXPERIENCE IN MANAGING NSF S-STEMGRANTS AT KANSAS STATE, SALINARaju Dandu, Kansas State University, Salina Page 14.634.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009 First Year Experience in managing NSF S-STEM Grant at K-State at SalinaAbstractThe ELITE (Enhancing Lives through Technology and Engineering) program is a targetedscholarship program to increase the number of traditionally underrepresented but academicallytalented students in Kansas earning associate and bachelor's degrees in engineering technology.The program received an S-STEM grant from National Science Foundation (NSF) in 2006. Thispaper provides an overview of first year grant

Conference Session

Recruitment and Retention in Engineering Technology Programs

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gene Harding, Purdue University; Benjamin Scott, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

learning about stereo amplifier operation in order to test, troubleshoot,repair, and in some cases upgrade the equipment. Moreover, we are a satellite campus2 andkeeping our equipment and facilities up to date is always a difficult challenge. As such, evenused equipment is often attractive.Periodically, customers who sent equipment to this company for repair decided it was better toreplace their old amplifier(s) with new ones rather than pay the sometimes fairly expensive repairbill. Thus, this local employer proposed donating some of these old amplifiers, along with theparts needed for repair, and letting us repair and use them. In addition to returning them toservice as amplifiers, it is also straightforward to convert them into fairly high

Conference Session

Project-Based Student Learning: Part I

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Saeed Foroudastan, Middle Tennessee State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

, Page 14.575.2such as seniors and juniors, to supervise and mentor younger college students. A faculty advisorPage 14.575.3Page 14.575.4 The amount of students who choose Engineering Technology majors within thedepartment has increased from 12 to 14 percent and is expected to continue in this trend (seeTable 2). Table 2: Percent Engineering Technology Per Academic Semester F 08 S 05 14% 12% F 05 S 08

Conference Session

Project-Based Student Learning: Part II

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William Blanton, East Tennessee State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

Page 14.632.10Figure 10. Filtered signal in the frequency domain.n= 128;subplot(2,1,1);plot(t(1:n),x( 1:n));grid on; axis([0 8e-3 -3 3]);xlabel('time(s)');ylabel('Amplitude ');title('Original and Filtered Signal ');subplot(2,1,2);plot(t(1:n),y(1:n));grid on; axis([0 8e-3 -3 3]);xlabel('times(s)');ylabel('Amplitude '); Original and Filtered Signal 3 2 1 Amplitude 0 -1 -2 -3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 time(s) -3

Conference Session

Innovations in Electrical and Computer Engineering Technology Programs

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Fredrick Nitterright, Pennsylvania State University, Erie; Ronald Krahe, Pennsylvania State University, Erie

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

AC 2009-389: DEVELOPMENT OF A SOLID MODELING COURSE FORELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY (ECET)STUDENTSFredrick Nitterright, Pennsylvania State University, Erie Mr. Fred Nitterright is a lecturer in engineering at Penn State Erie, The Behrend College. He received the A. A. S. in Mechanical Drafting and Design in 1989 from Westmoreland County Community College, the B. S. in Mechanical Engineering Technology in 1991 from Penn State Erie, The Behrend College, and the M. S. in Manufacturing Systems Engineering from the University of Pittsburgh in 1998. Mr. Nitterright is a senior member of the Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), and a member of the American Society for

Conference Session

Project-Based Student Learning: Part II

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Dale Litwhiler, Pennsylvania State University, Berks; Frances Jallu, Pennsylvania State University, Berks

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

temperature sensor produces an output voltage of 10mV/°F. Figure 6. Data sample after analysis.Figure 6 shows a sample of actual student analyzed data corresponding to the same intervalshown previously in the raw data of Figure 5. Student analyzed data for the full daylight periodis plotted in Figure 7. The electrical engineering technology students were asked to determinethe time(s) of the maximum solar panel and battery voltage and current as well as the maximumsolar panel output power. Figure 7 also shows this tabulated information. The students werealso required to write a summary of the events that are detectible in the data. Events such aswhen the audio system was used, time of sunrise, sunset, cloudy periods, etc

Conference Session

Curriculum in Civil Engineering Technology

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Cottrell, University of North Carolina, Charlotte; Chung-Suk Cho, University of North Carolina, Charlotte

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

AC 2009-1779: INTEGRATING GREEN ENGINEERING INTO AMULTIDISCIPLINARY SEMINAR COURSEDavid Cottrell, University of North Carolina, Charlotte DR. DAVID S. COTTRELL is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Engineering Technology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte. He graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1978 and retired in 2000 after more than 22 years of service with the US Army Corps of Engineers. Studies at Texas A&M University resulted in an MS Degree in Civil Engineering in 1987 and a PhD in 1995. He is a registered Professional Engineer and has taught courses in statics, dynamics, mechanics of materials, graphic communications, engineering economy, and

Conference Session

Assessment and Continuous Improvement in Electronics and Electrical ET Programs

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nasser Alaraje, Michigan Technological University; John Irwin, Michigan Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

, analogOutcome 12 and digital electronics, and microcomputers to the building, testing, operation and maintenance of electrical/electronic(s) systems. (ABET 8.a) The application of physics or chemistry to electrical/electronic(s) circuits in a rigorousOutcome 13 mathematical environment at or above the level of algebra and trigonometry. (ABET 8.b) The ability to analyze, design and implement control systems, instrumentation systems,Outcome 14 communication systems or power systems. (ABET 8.c)Outcome 15 The ability to apply project management techniques to electrical/electronic(s) systems. (ABET 8.d) The ability to utilize statistics/ probability, transform methods

Conference Session

Laboratories in Electrical and Computer Engineering Technology

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Grant Richards, Purdue University; John Denton, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

presentations.BackgroundThis laboratory is designed to be completed in a two-hour laboratory session for thosesuccessfully completing pre-laboratory exercises. While a number of RF simulation packagesmay be used to perform the listed simulations, the real-time tuning capabilities of Microwave Page 14.38.2Office provide for a high degree of interactivity which is a primary component of thisexperiment. Minimal equipment requirements include a RF frequency generator and a spectrumanalyzer; however, the use of a vector network analyzer with s-parameter capabilities providesadditional opportunities to reinforce concepts demonstrated in the design and simulation phasesof this

Conference Session

Assessment and Continuous Improvement in Electronics and Electrical ET Programs

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Min-Sung Koh, Eastern Washington University; Esteban Rodriguez-Marek, Eastern Washington University; Claudio Talarico, Eastern Washington University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

. With this slightmodification, course learning objectives can now be measured much more accurately.Note that it is not necessary to use all assignment problems as an assessment tool, but it isimportant to always specify course learning objective corresponding to a given problem.This has proven to provide the student a sense of ownership of the problem, therebyencouraging and motivating the student. Once the format is set for each homework, theinstructor can change problems from year to year, however maintaining thecorresponding related course learning objective. This way, the Excel spreadsheet neednot be modified further. HOMEWORK #1 The next question(s) addresses the following course learning objective(s): • Convert any number between

Conference Session

Critical issues in IT and IET: Focus Group

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Vladimir Genis, Drexel University; Michael Mauk, Drexel University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

Promote Growth. Journal of Engineering Education, Vol. 93, No. 4, 279, 2004.8. D. Tolfree. Commercializing Nanotechnology. Concepts–products–markets. Int. J. Nanomanufacturing, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 117-133, 2006.9. S. Fonash et al. Nanotechnology Education: The Pennsylvania Approach. MRS Symposia, Vol. 931, Section E, 2006.10. A. K. Lyton-Jean, H. S. Han, and C. A. Mirkin. Microarray Detection of Duplex and Triplex DNA Binders with DNA-Midified Gold Nanoparticles. Analytical Chem., Vol. 79, pp. 6037-6041, 2007.11. J. S. Lee, S. I. Stoeva, C. A. Mirkin. DNA-Induced Size-Selective Separation of Mixtures of Gold Nanoparticles. J. Am. Chem. Soc., Vol. 128, pp. 8899-8903, 2006.12. J.R. von Ehr, “Zyvex Corporation: Providing Nanotechnology

Conference Session

Curriculum in Mechanical and Power Engineering Technology

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Wei Zhan, Texas A&M University; Ryan Beasley, Texas A&M University; Jay Porter, Texas A&M University; Joseph Morgan, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

: dI (t ) 1 R 1 = ea (t ) − I (t ) − eb (t ) dt L L L Tm (t ) = K i I (t ) eb (t ) = Kω (t ) d ω (t ) 1 1 = Tm (t ) − TL (t ) Page 14.321.7 dt J Jwhere • Ki is the torque constant (Nm/A); • K is the back emf constant (V/(rad/s)); • I(t) is the armature current (A); • R is the

Conference Session

Critical issues in IT and IET: Focus Group

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Susan Scachitti, Purdue University, Calumet; Juan Salinas, Purdue University, Calumet; Deepthi Karanam, Purdue University, Calumet

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

”, Proceedings of the 40th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences – 2007, pp.131b. 5. Yvonne Lejtman, Ebrhim Shayan, Romesh Nagarajah, “Design of a suitable production management system for a manufacturing company”, Computers & Industrial Engineering, 42(2002), pp.169-174. 6. Andrew Potter, Biao Yang, Chandra Lalwani, “A simulation study of dispatch bay performance in the steel processing industry”, European Journal of Operational Research, Vol 179, Issue 2, pp.567-578. 7. Simone Appelt, Rajan Batta, Li Lin, Colin Drury, “Simulation of passenger check-in at a medium-sized US Airport”, Proceedings of the 2007 Winter Simulation Conference, S. G. Henderson, B. Biller, M.-H. Hsieh, J. Shortle, J. D. Tew

Conference Session

Project-Based Student Learning: Part I

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Everly, University of Cincinnati

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

inexpensive (less than $650/unit), cover the 3-30MHz high frequency (HF) spectrum, plus they have reasonably decent technical specifications.The remaining sections of the paper introduce Scattering or "S" parameters which turn out to bethe language of network analyzers. Also, each of the three VNAs tested in this paper has its own"unique to the device" software front-end and, for comparison purposes, a common data displayformat was implemented. For each filter examined, a picture is presented showing the location ofthe filter on the NorCal 40A printed circuit board, followed by a schematic diagram of theselected filter configured for the network analyzer test set-up. Also, when appropriate, three plotsof the circuit’s performance using each of the

Conference Session

Distance and Web-Based Learning in ET: Remote and Virtual Laboratories

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ranjeet Agarwala, East Carolina University; Andrew Jackson, East Carolina University; Jackson Sherion, East Carolina University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

Distribution & Logistics Manufacturing Systems Mechanical Technology Architectural Technology College of Technology and Computer Science 1st P Technology programs to match a student’s skills and ambition r o f Doctor of Technology Systems (DTS) e (Proposed Fall ‘08) s s Operational Systems Information & o Computer Technology n a l M.S. D

Conference Session

Assessment and Continuous Improvement in Engineering Technology: Part I

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Barbara Christe, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis; Elaine Cooney, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

this topic will support my overall degreeobjectivesExample of Lab Partner Rubric, suitable for groups of twoPlease complete the following table to evaluate your own work and that of your lab partner.Me: ____________________ Did you/she/he . . . . Lab Partner: ____________________Did not Met my Exceeded Did not Met my Exceeded mymeet my expectation my meet my expectati expectationsexpectations s expectations expectation ons s

Conference Session

Innovative Curriculum and Practices in Engineering Technology

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Wei Zhan, Texas A&M University; Rainer Fink, Texas A&M University; Alex Fang, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

Proceedings of the Section on Statistical Education, Alexandria, VA: American Statistical Association, 143- 147, 1997. 3. ASA Section on Statistical Education Committee on Training of Statisticians for Industry, "Preparing Statisticians for Careers in Industry," The American Statistician, 34, 65-75, 1980. 4. Barton,R.R., Nowack, C.A., Bisgaard, S., Czitrom, V., Spurrier, J.D., Vardeman, S., “A One-Semester, Laboratory-Based Quality-Oriented Statistics Curriculum for Engineering Students,” The American Statistician, Vol. 52, 1998. 5. Bryce, G. R., “Data Driven Experiences in an Introductory Statistics Course for Engineers Using Student Collected Data,” Proceedings of the Section on Statistical Education, American

Conference Session

Curriculum in Electrical and Computer Engineering Technology: Part II

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Li Tan, Purdue University, North Central; Jean Jiang, DeVry University, Decatur, GA

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

Ψ L ? 2ρ ∂ 852 / f s 770 Hz 4 5 6 z sin Ψ L H L ( z) ? z 2 / 2 z cos Ψ L − 1 DTMF Tones 852 Hz 7 8 9 φ (n) − y7 ( n ) 7

Conference Session

Capstone and Senior Design in Engineering Technology

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mary Johnson, Purdue University; Sergey Dubikovsky, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

Evaluations During the 2008-2009 Accreditation Cycle, http://www.abet.org/Linked%20Documents-UPDATE/Criteria%20 and%20PP/T001%2008-09%20TAC%20Criteria%2011-30-07.pdf, 7, accessed December 3, 2008.[2] George, M., Lean Six Sigma for Service: How to use Lean Speed & Six Sigma Quality to Improve Services and Transactions. McGraw-Hill: New York (2002).[3] Nightingale, G. S., Lean Aerospace Initiative. IIE Solutions, 30, 11, 20–25 (Nov1998).[4] Hopp, W. J., Spearman, M. L., Factory Physics, 2nd edition. Irwin McGraw-Hill: Boston (2001).[5] Ohno, T., Toyota Production System: Beyond Large-Scale Production. Productivity Press (1988).[6] Womack, J. P., and Jones, D. T., Beyond Toyota: How to Root Out Waste and Pursue

Conference Session

Distance and Web-Based Learning in ET: Remote and Virtual Laboratories

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kim Nankivell, Purdue University, Calumet

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

as uniform as possible and to provide the best pedagogicalpractices to this integration into education both within the traditional classroom and DL.One of the main focuses of this research was to generate a sound and robust reference list toestablish credibility to the research. The articles were individually evaluated and subjected to avalidity analysis composed of the following criteria (a) the credibility of the author(s) andinstitution(s) where the research was performed along with a robustness and methodology thatconforms to best practices, (b) whether the publisher of the article employs the peer review Page 14.1251.3process, (c

Conference Session

Curriculum in Electrical and Computer Engineering Technology: Part I

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Xuefu Zhou, University of Cincinnati

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

. Page 14.1124.6 5References 1. A. Silberschatz, P. Galvin, and G. Gagne, Operating System Concepts, 8th Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2. W. Christopher, S. Procter and T. Anderson,The Nachos Instructional Operating System http://www.eecs.berkeley.edu/Pubs/TechRpts/1993/6022.html 3. S. Robbins, Simulators for Teaching Computer Science, http://vip.cs.utsa.edu/simulators/ Page 14.1124.7 6

Conference Session

Distance and Web-Based Learning in Engineering Technology: Part I

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

B. Sridhara, Middle Tennessee State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

AC 2009-1001: TEACHING ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY COURSES USINGDESIRE2LEARN (D2L)B. Sridhara, Middle Tennessee State University B. S. SRIDHARA Dr. B. S. Sridhara is a professor in the Department of Engineering Technology at Middle Tennessee State University. He received his B.S.M.E. and M.S.M.E. degrees from Bangalore University and Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India. He received his M.S.M.E. and Ph. D. degrees from Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey, and Auburn University, Alabama. Dr. Sridhara has published several peer-reviewed articles in the areas of Acoustics, Vibration, finite element methods, and Engineering Education

Conference Session

Laboratories in Electrical and Computer Engineering Technology

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cheng Lin, Old Dominion University; Gene Hou, Old Dominion University; Sebastian Bawab, Old Dominion University; Timothy Coats, NSWCCD; Hesham Nassar, Old Dominion University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

Page 14.1114.2have excellent performances on high speed and acceleration, reliability and controllability, andlow audible noise. Each motor weighs five lbs and has a built-in position feedback delivering upto 12 micron repeatability. It is mechanically mounted on the ThrusTube guide (Figure 1) withthe center of the motor passing through a 3-ft-long with 1.5-inch diameter magnetic rail. Whenthe motor is powered, the coil in the motor will generate an electro-magnetic force of 44 lbswhen interacting with the magnetic rail. The speed of each motor can reach up to15 ft/s. Thedesign uses two parallel magnetic rails, with each rail supports two motors in series. The objectmounting plate, which is used to hold the testing object, is bolted directly

Conference Session

Laboratories in Engineering Technology

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Austin Asgill, Southern Polytechnic State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

CRED ER LECTURE Y LAB IT NUMBER HRS HRS HOUR S Orientation 1 2 0 2 Fundamentals 1 2 3 3 Circuits I 2 3 3 4 Digital I 2 3 3 4 Circuits II 3 3 3 4 Electronics I

Conference Session

Distance and Web-Based Learning in ET: Remote and Virtual Laboratories

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Xuemin Chen, Texas Southern University; Lei Jiang, Donghua University; Darayan Shahryar, Texas Southern University; Lawrence Kehinde, Texas Southern University; David Olowokere, Texas Southern University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

. 121-130, January 2005.2. Sloan Consortium of Institution and Organizations Committed to Quality Online Education, “Stayingthe Course: Online Education in the United States, 2008”.http://www.sloan-c.org/publications/survey/staying_course3. B. Balamuralithars, and P. C. Woods, “Virtual Laboratories in Engineering Education: The SimulationLab and Remoter Lab”, Computer Applications in Engineering Education, Vol 17, Issue 1, 2008, pp. 108-118.4. H. J. W. Spoedler, Virtual instruments and virtual environments, IEEE Instrum Meas Mag 2 (1999),14-19.5. N. Jensen, G. von Voigt, W. Nejdl and S. Olbrich, “Development of a Virtual Laboratory System ForScience Education”, Interactive Multimedia Electronic Journal of Computer-Enhanced Learming, vol. 6(2

Conference Session

Recruitment and Retention in Engineering Technology Programs

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Steve Wendel, Sinclair Community College; Walter Buchanan, Texas A&M University; Shep Anderson, Sinclair Community College; Robert Mott, University of Dayton; Gilah Pomeranz, Sinclair Community College

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

14.900.91 Sheppard S., Macatangay, K., Colby, A., and Sullivan, W. Educating Engineers: Designing for the Future of theField. Jossey-Bass, 2008.2 Crawley, F., Malmqvist, J., Ostlund, S., and Brodeur, D. Rethinking Engineering Education: The CDIOApproach. Springer, 2007. Page 14.900.10

Conference Session

Laboratories in Electrical and Computer Engineering Technology

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Arif Uluagac, Georgia Institute of Technology; Walter E. Thain Jr.; Thomas Fallon, Southern Polytechnic State University; John Copeland, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

in the area of lightwave communications and optical logic. At Sangamo Weston he was responsible for R\&D Page 14.485.1 groups at ten divisions. At Hayes was responsible for the development of modems with data compression and error control, and for Hayes' representation on CCITT and ANSI standards committees. Dr. Copeland received B.S., M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in physics from the Georgia Institute of Technology . He has been awarded 41 patents and has published over 60 technical articles. In 1970 he was awarded IEEE 's Morris N. Liebmann Award for his work on gallium© American Society for

Conference Session

Issues and Direction in ET Education and Administration: Part I

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joseph Tabas, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis; William Lin, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

initially connect to the wireless network and start up a web browser, they canregister their laptop for network access (http://web.mit.edu/ist/topics/network/). They also do notsupport printing from laptops. If a student needs to print, they should transfer their file(s) to aschool owned machine with student account access and print it from there. Rose-Hulman uses asimilar system in which all network devices must be capable of obtaining an IP address viaDHCP. It is additionally required that the device be registered with their IT department via thedevices MAC address. If the device has the capability of browsing the web, it can utilize theirauto registration system. To do this, a student attaches the device to the wireless network, open aweb

Conference Session

Distance and Web-Based Learning in Engineering Technology: Part I

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Immanuel Edinbarough, University of Texas, Brownsville; Jesus Martinez, University of Texas, Brownsville

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

Manufacturing, 9/2001.4. Koc, M., Ni, J. and Lee, J., “Introduction of e-manufacturing,” Proceedings of theInternational Conference on Frontiers on Design and Manufacturing, Dalian, China, July 2002.5. Lee, J., 2003, “E-manufacturing—fundamental, tools, and transformation,” Robotics andComputer-Integrated Manufacturing, Volume 19, Issue 6, pp. 501-507.6. Ahn, S. H., Bharadwaj, B., Khalid, H., Liou, S. Y. and Wright, P. K., “Web-Based Design andManufacturing Systems for Automobile Components: Architectures and Usability Studies,”International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 15, pp.555–563, 2002.7. Feng, J., “Internet-Based Reverse Engineering,” International Journal of AdvancedManufacturing Technology, January, 2002.8. Hu, H., Yu, L., Tsui

Conference Session

Curriculum in Mechanical and Power Engineering Technology

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alex Fang, Texas A&M University; Wei Zhan, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

with complex geometry such as thedovetail root of a steam turbine blade. As with focusing, different steering angles correspond todifferent focal laws as well. These three operations can be utilized individually or combined invarious fashions for different applications. For example, a typical sectorial scan (S-scan) can be Page 14.909.5produced by performing a steering operation alone as shown in Figure 5. In this case, a plasticangle wedge is also used to increase (or rotate) the steering angle by adding an angle of refractionto cover the region of interest, which could not be reached otherwise due to limitations on beamsteering angle