Conference Session

Service Learning Projects in Developing Countries

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jana Fattic, Western Kentucky University; Andrew Ernest, Western Kentucky University

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

AC 2009-1762: WATER ANALYSIS, TRAINING, EDUCATION, AND RESEARCHSERVICES: A "FARMER’S COOPERATIVE" MODEL FOR CAPACITYDEVELOPMENTJana Fattic, Western Kentucky University Jana Fattic is the Associate Director of the Center for Water Resource Studies and Operations Director of the WATERS Laboratory at Western Kentucky University. Ms. Fattic’s role as Associate Director of the Center includes budget development and project coordination of state and federal grants totaling over one million dollars annually. Ms. Fattic’s responsibilities include day-to day administration, budget and personnel management, quality assurance and quality control, and maintenance of certifications. She holds a Bachelor

Conference Session

Measuring Success of Graduate Program Components

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mysore Narayanan, Miami University

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

French Revolution.” Inother words, the input to the student is text-based and the output from the student is alsotext-based. This perceptual mode is referred to as Read mode. Page 14.253.4Kinesthetic (K)Some people learn only by doing. They need hands-on-training. Here one may want toquote the famous phrase: Practice Makes You Perfect. This last, final group prefers tolearn through experience. It could be laboratory experience, clinical experience,simulation, co-op experience, industrial internship experience, service-learningexperience, practical training experience, etc. This perceptual mode is referred to asKinesthetic mode.Hunter Boylan’s Research

Conference Session

Contemporary Issues in CHE Education

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Richard Zollars, Washington State University; Donald Orlich, Washington State University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

category consists of a classroom/laboratory experiencewhere high school students are exposed to engineering with the expectation that these studentswill then be more likely to enroll in engineering. Typical examples are the “InspiresCurriculum”,9 “Engineering Concepts Curriculum Project”,10 the “Academy IntroductionMission”,11 and the “Texas Pre-Freshman Engineering Program”12. A program to address these issues was started in this department in 1993 with fundingfrom the National Science Foundation. The concept for this activity arose from a conversationamongst chemical engineering faculty members on what influenced them to major in engineering.Almost uniformly the conclusion was that it was an influential teacher at the 5th through 9th

Conference Session

New Research and Trends Related to Minorities in Engineering

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joseph Monroe, North Carolina A&T State University; Narayanaswamy Radhakrishnan, North Carolina A&T State University; Bala Ram, North Carolina A&T State University; Stephanie Luster-Teasley, North Carolina A&T State University; Christopher Doss, North Carolina A&T State University

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

), Energy &Environment, Modeling & Simulation, Sensors, and Transportation & Healthcare.Thanks to the efforts of Dr. Mary Juhas, Program Director for Diversity & Outreach atNational Science Foundation, each of the 105 minute tracks had a presentation from oneNational Science Foundation Division Director with responsibility for an area with somerelevance to the track. The participation of the Division Director was organized for themutual benefit of the workshop attendees and the Division Directors. The slides for mostof the presentations is available from the Workshop organizers at NCA&T.A laboratory tour and poster presentation to showcase the equipment andaccomplishments of several Historically Black Colleges (HBCUs) was

Conference Session

Curriculum in Civil Engineering Technology

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andrew Rose, University of Pittsburgh, Johnstown

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

surface they may not use frequently.This may help prepare students for future conference room presentations where a quick sketch ona white board is needed. Figure 5 shows students presenting reinforced concrete design Page 14.717.5problems on a chalkboard. Figure 5. Student sketch on chalkboard used in problem solutionSketches of Laboratory Devices and Experimental SetupsAnother opportunity for students to practice hand sketching skills is in laboratory courses. Inmany cases, sketches may be too complex for hand sketching, and a digital photograph

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Capstone Design Projects

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Josef Rojter, Victoria University of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

Profession andEducation chaired by Professor Johnson2 .The two semester-long materials science subject was taught to second year undergraduates inBuilding, Civil and Mechanical Engineering courses. The relative high pass and low attritionrates in this subject ensured its victim-hood subject when it was swapped in 2003 in thecourse curricula with a less performing first year subject. In 2006 the subject becameProblem-based learning (PBL) designated and was transferred back to the second year level.PBL designation significantly altered the course delivery. Initially the subject organizationwhich consisted of 2 hours of lectures for 2semesters supplemented by 1 hour tutorial perweek in the first semester and a 2 hour laboratory session per fortnight in

Conference Session

DELOS Best Paper Nominations

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Guido Lopez, Old Dominion University; Anthony Seaber, Old Dominion University

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

installedand implemented at ODU’s Engine and Drivetrain Laboratory located at the VirginiaInternational Raceway located near the City of Danville, VA. Such laboratory isoperational and is currently being used for student instruction and training. Additionalinformation about this facility is presented below.Examples to illustrate the character of this educational aspect within ODU’s motorsportsengineering curricula are presented and discussed in this paper. They are examples thathave been performed with student participation, and have been developed for field-testingon a professional race track with the specific objective of providing real-life training tostudents enrolled in the motorsports program.DATA ACQUISITION, AN INDISPENSABLE TOOL IN AUTO

Conference Session

Trends in Mechanical Engineering II

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ping Ren, Virginia Tech; Janis Terpenny, Virginia Tech; Dennis Hong; Richard Goff, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

AC 2009-671: BRIDGING THEORY AND PRACTICE IN A SENIOR-LEVELROBOTICS COURSE FOR MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERSPing Ren, Virginia Tech Ping Ren is a PhD candidate working under the direction of Dr. Dennis Hong in RoMeLa (Robotics & Mechanisms Laboratory) of the Mechanical Engineering Department at Virginia Tech. He is passionate about advancing research in robotics and innovations related to robotics education.Dennis Hong, Virginia Tech Dennis Hong is an Assistant Professor and the Director of RoMeLa (Robotics & Mechanisms Laboratory) of the Mechanical Engineering Department at Virginia Tech. His research expertise lies in the area of mobile robot locomotion, humanoid robots

Conference Session

Classroom Engagement

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Keith Holbert, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

students’ understanding of platform commonality,” International Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 120-130, 2007.15. S. Goel, D. Pon, “Innovative model for information assurance curriculum: a teaching hospital,” ACM Journal of Educational Resources in Computing, vol. 6, no. 3, Sept. 2006, Article 2.16. E. Granado, W. Colmenares, M. Strefezza, A. Alonso, “ A web-based virtual laboratory for teaching automatic control,” Computer Applications in Engineering Education, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 192-197, 2007.17. T.W. Simpson, “Experiences with a hands-on activity to contrast craft production and mass production in the classroom,” International Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 19, no. 2, 2003, pp. 297-304.18

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Poster Session

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Anderson, United States Air Force Academy; Matthew Snyder, United States Air Force Academy; Michael Maixner, United States Air Force Academy

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

facultyand lab technicians. The course was scheduled, on average, for 2.5 hours per week in aclassroom embedded in the Applied Mechanics Laboratory. Such proximity enabled timelytransition between classroom and lab topics. No work outside of class, or prior preparation wasexpected of the students, so that no course credit was offered; the course is, however, arequirement for the Mechanical Engineering, and Engineering Mechanics majors. Despite therestrictions on homework, students were expected to accomplish a final capstone project withinthe time available during regularly scheduled class.Most lessons were taught by subject matter experts throughout the department, and not by theparticular instructors assigned to each class. For example, the

Conference Session

Research and Education in Radiation and Radiologic

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mitchell Pryor; Sheldon Landsberger

Tagged Divisions

Nuclear and Radiological

paper reviews interdisciplinary nuclear and automation program implemented as shown inFigure 1. One pilot student has completed the workforce development program as a Mastersstudent with two working semesters at LANL. Three PhD students are currently completing theirsecond semester of course work. Both lab and research projects have been organized for eachstudent and the feedback from the National Labs is preliminary but very positive, includingdemand for additional students.Most importantly, this program fulfills the higher level objectives of each participant. • Student Researcher – It provides year-round funding to perform relevant research while exploring the opportunities in both academia and the research laboratories. • National

Conference Session

Our Future in Manufacturing: STEM Outreach

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Terence Fagan, Central Piedmont Community College

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

volume as well as calculate density."6 Another example of creative learningcan be seen in the Adaptive WATER Laboratory design built by five Rice University seniors.The laboratory was used to implement educational outreach. "The aim of this outreach was lessto demonstrate the Lab itself, and more to generate interest among these students because of theconcerning numbers of minorities entering science, technology, engineering and math (STEM)fields."5The premise of the “How To” project was to utilize service learning in higher academia tosupport K-12 engineering education. The idea for service learning helps college studentsunderstand real word issues and utilize their specific skill set, which adds value to a broaderpicture. As is pointed out by

Conference Session

Innovations in Electrical and Computer Engineering Technology Programs

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Omer Farook, Purdue University, Calumet; Chandra Sekhar, Purdue University, Calumet; Essaid Bouktache, Purdue University, Calumet; Jai Agrawal, Purdue University, Calumet; Jared Goodall, South Lake Automation

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

. Enrollment of the course is limited to 16students. The class is broken into 4 groups, of 4 students each.Pedagogy of the CourseThe pedagogy of the course is based on Outcome Based Education [1], and utilizes theinteractive model of learning. All students maintain an online portfolio of the workreflecting their individual learning. In addition to this each team has its own onlineportfolio which chronicles the work of the team collectively. All the online portfolios areavailable to all the students in the class so as to foster horizontal learning. The system Page 14.1356.3designed in the laboratory to perform a specific task is the core measurement of

Conference Session

Issues of Persistence in Engineering

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Matthew Ohland, Purdue University; Michelle Camacho, University of San Diego; Richard Layton, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Russell Long, Purdue University; Susan Lord, University of San Diego; Mara Wasburn, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

of pedagogy and the application of community service learning, and inequalities in education, particularly persistence of women and people of color in engineering education.Richard Layton, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology Richard A. Layton is the Associate Director of the Center for the Practice and Scholarship of Education and an Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering at Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology. His areas of scholarship include student team management, assessment, education, and remediation, laboratory reform focused on student learning, visualization of quantitative data, and engineering system dynamics. He is a guitarist and songwriter in the alternative rock band

Conference Session

Modern Software Measurement Techniques

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gurinder Singh, Future Technology Devices International Ltd. (USA); Lakshmi Munukutla, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

Instrumentation

. USB_READ - Reads data from the VNC1L chip 4. USB_WRITE - Sends known length Command/Data to the VNC1L chip 5. USB_WRITECMD - Sends null terminated data to VNC1L chip 6. USB_PARSE - Processes the data received from VNC1L chip and determines the action to take 7. GET_DEVICE_TYPE - Determines which device is connected to the VNC1L USB port 8. RUNSPI - Sends the data through SPI interface by loading the data in register “REG A” 9. INIT_PRINTER - Selects and sets up the printer connected to VNC1L USB port 10. USB_PRINT - Sends the VNC1L “DSD” command with the data string to the printer for printing 7. Classroom/Laboratory ProjectIt is important that technical students learn about USB and perform USB based

Conference Session

Faculty Development and Research in ET

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Denton, Purdue University; Nancy Denton, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

that industry has employed to certifythe certification process6,7.Corporate-based certification consists of certifying competency in a specific company’s systemsor products. Cisco, Motorola, National Instruments, and Rockwell Automation are all examplesof the many companies that offer certification programs for individuals. For example, Cisco Page 14.605.2offers individuals a three-level general networking certification program, with the option foradditional evolving specialist certifications. The general program offers six parallel certificationtracks, requiring a laboratory practice exam and a written examination to attain certification

Conference Session

Mentoring Graduate Students

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Audeen Fentiman, Purdue University; Susan Fisher, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

, and what lessons have been learned.Tier 1: Graduate Student Organizations within DepartmentsThe College of Engineering at Purdue University has 12 graduate programs, and the extent towhich students have historically participated in a graduate student community has variedsignificantly among programs. Some programs have had strong and active graduate studentorganizations for many years. In other programs, some subdivisions or laboratories sponsoredstudent activities, but there was little or no coordination of those groups at the program level, andmost students were not involved in any formal graduate student community. Still other programshad virtually no graduate student organization. Furthermore, it is important to note that eachgraduate

Conference Session

ECE Poster Session

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Haluk Ozemek, San Jose State University; Preetpal Kang, San Jose State University; Albert Khanh Nguyen, San Jose State University; pradeep badhan, San Jose State University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

languages. These discussions during the lecturekeep the students interest high and trigger their curiosity. In the laboratory, students first useVisual Studio to develop simple programs and learn program debugging methods.In the second phase of the course students not only continue to improve and acquire newprogramming skills, but they also learn how to use a microcontroller. Understanding basiccomputer organization makes the microcontroller operation easily understandable. Furthermore,students conduct research on how to interface different peripheral hardware, such as sensors andactuators. In the laboratory, students develop projects using microcontroller development kitdeveloped by SJValley Engineering (SJVE)2. The laboratory experiments for

Conference Session

Assessment and Continuous Improvement in Electronics and Electrical ET Programs

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Youakim Al Kalaani, Georgia Southern University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

Systems”, 6th Ed., 2006, Pearson Prentice Hall.2. Bollag, Burton, “Making an Art Form of Assessment”, The Faculty, The Chronicle of Higher Education, Washington D.C., October 26, 2006, pg 8.3. O’Connell, Robert,”Using Projects to Develop Laboratory Experiments for the Power Electronics Course”, [CD-ROM]. 2008 Annual Conference Proceedings, ASEE, AC 2008-1323.4. Taraban, Roman, et al, “A Paradigm for Assessing Conceptual and Procedural Knowledge in Engineering Students”, Journal of Engineering Education, October 2007, Vol.96 No.4, pp 335-345. Page 14.183.85. Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET

Conference Session

Micromachining in Manufacturing Education

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Wesley Stone, Western Carolina University; John Graham, Western Carolina University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

. He earned his BS in Electronics Engineering Technology and his MS in Technology at Western Carolina University. Page 14.41.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009 A Laser Micro-Machining DOE to Investigate Material Removal VolumesAbstractThis paper presents the results and lessons learned from a design of experiments (DOE),developed to better understand the factors that affect volume of material removed (MRR) duringa laser micro-machining process. The Oxford Laser micro-machining center was brought intothe Engineering & Technology Department’s laboratory to be used for

Conference Session

Outreach and Hands-on Materials

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniel Magda, Weber State University

Tagged Divisions

Materials

ductility. To reintroduce ductility back into a material,students learn about the annealing processes. This process will reverse the effects of cold workby soaking the cold work material in a furnace at a recrystallization temperature for a specifiedtime. The cold work material will typically go through a three-part process of recovery,recrystallization and then grain growth. The final properties will exhibit lower strength withhigh ductility and a material with large grains in its microstructure.These two processes of cold work and annealing are discussed further in this paper and willfocus on the effect of cold work tough pitch copper 11000 and annealing yellow brass 26000.Students conduct a laboratory exercise to plot material behavioral curves

Conference Session

ECE Pedagogy and Assessment II

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Dale Buechler, University of Wisconsin, Platteville; Phillip Sealy, University of Wisconsin, Platteville; David Drury, University of Wisconsin, Platteville; Mesut Muslu, University of Wisconsin, Platteville

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

we incorporate hands-on laboratory and design experiencesthroughout the curriculum that reiterate and extend what the students learn in the traditionallecture mode. Although instructional techniques can improve transfer in students it is not alwaysthe main problem. This was documented by Phillip J. Parker in a recent paper in which hecompared student performance on a first-day quiz to the type of learning environment in theprior class2. Half of the students took the prerequisite class from a professor that used an activelearning environment. The other half of the students took the prerequisite class from a professorusing a traditional lecture style. The students performed equally poorly on this quiz. In this casethe key problem was that the

Conference Session

Curriculum in Electrical and Computer Engineering Technology: Part I

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Veeramuthu Rajaravivarma, State University of New York, Farmingdale; Cajetan Akujuobi, Prairie View A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

Dr. Akujuobi is a Professor of Electrical Engineering and the founding Director of the DSP Solutions, Mixed Signal Systems and Broadband Access Technologies Programs and Laboratories at Prairie View A&M University. He is also the founding Director of the Center of Excellence for Communication Systems Technology Research (CECSTR). His research interests include High-Speed (Broadband) Communication Systems, Mixed Signal Systems and DSP Solutions. He is also the Department Head for Engineering Technology at Prairie View A&M University. Page 14.610.1© American Society for Engineering

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tzu-Liang Tseng; Thompson Sarkodie-Gyan, University of Texas, El Paso; Jianmei Zhang, University of Texas, El Paso

of rapid globalization across almost all types ofmanufacturing industries, it is foreseen that the network based manufacturing willbecome a significant activity in coming years. According to literatures 1-6, the NBM isone of the fast growing businesses in the manufacturing sector. A distinguishingcharacteristic on the delivery of the curriculum will be student involvement in “hands-on”laboratory activities and experiences. Furthermore, graduates from the program will bewell-prepared with high-tech skills in the areas of automation, production and micro-manufacturing technology. It is expected that nationally this curriculum reform willbecome a national model of teaching network based manufacturing technology andmanagement, while locally it

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Design in the Classroom

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jessica Brakora, University of Michigan; Brian Gilchrist, University of Michigan; James Holloway, University of Michigan; Nilton Renno, University of Michigan; Steven Skerlos, University of Michigan; Toby Teory, University of Michigan; Peter Washabaugh, University of Michigan; Daryl Weinert, University of Michigan

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

research, or competitions.7,8,9One example is shown in Figure 3, which shows a small satellite built by students for NASA andmentored by faculty and engineers from Michigan’s Space Physics Research Laboratory (SPRL).The Icarus spacecraft had a mass of 21.3 kg, was battery and solar-cell powered with an averagepower requirement of 12.5 W. It was equipped with a magnetometer and GPS receiver tomeasure the dynamics of the spacecraft system.Figure 3. Icarus Students in the Space Systems Fabrication Lab have created anextracurricular program to build spaceflight-qualified hardwareAnother recent example from S3FL is shown in Figure 4. One of our PhD students, Mr. TomLiu, defined a set of top-level goals and measurements and has mentored an undergraduate

Conference Session

Automation and Robotics Subjects in Manufacturing Education

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yuqiu You, Morehead State University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

technologyprogram for their future careers in modern manufacturing companies, a new curriculum inRobotics Application Engineering has been developed and applied in the semester of spring 2008.This paper describes the course and laboratory of Robotics Application Engineering for studentsof manufacturing technology program (ITMT) in the Department of Industrial and EngineeringTechnology (IET).There are four Robotics courses offered in the IET Department spanning from 100 level to 400level to teach concepts, operation, programming, maintenance, interfacing, and applicationdevelopments of industrial robots. Robotics Application Engineering is taught as a 400 levelcourse for senior undergraduate students in the ITMT program. This course teaches

Conference Session

Engineering Education in Africa, Asia and the Mid-East Region

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tokunbo Ogunfunmi, Santa Clara University

Tagged Divisions

International

exposed to both basic and applied courses as well as laboratory and industrial training to enablethem satisfy the manpower needs of the public and industrial sectors of the Nigerian economy. Thegraduates are expected to be able to design and supervise Engineering projects and construction,develop new products and techniques as well as maintain Engineering Units. The program also offerssufficient depth to enable the promising graduates to undertake postgraduate work in Electronic andElectrical Engineering or related disciplines in Science Engineering.The program is organized such that two years of basic training in Electronic and ElectricalEngineering Science is followed by more detailed professional training in the field of Electronic

Conference Session

Industry Collaborations in Engineering Technology

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alamgir Choudhury, Western Michigan University; Pavel Ikonomov, Western Michigan University; Jorge Rodriguez, Western Michigan University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

% compared toprevious design.Efficiency of hydraulic drive system: A key component of this design was to ensure optimalfunction of the hydraulic power transfer system. There are specific performance and safetycriteria of bikes that would be participating in the competition. Due to limitations in time, costand manufacturing methods available in a typical university laboratory, design of pump andhydraulic motor meeting the operating characteristics of the bicycle was deemed unrealistic.Instead, it would be prudent to identify available pump and motors which would perform mostefficiently at the operating rotational speed and torque of the bicycle. Most hydraulic motors andpumps are designed for industrial use at relatively high velocity and pressure

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kerrie Kephart, University of Texas, El Paso; Elsa Villa, University of Texas, El Paso; Louis Everett, University of Texas, El Paso; Arunkumar Pennathur, University of Texas, El Paso

expertise and experiences are in human factors engineering (modeling human behavior and performance), and in engineering education. His research in human factors has been funded by NIH (work on older Mexican American adults), and the US Army Research Laboratory (work on modeling concurrent mental and physical workload in soldiers). Dr. Pennathur has been writing about and teaching sociotechnical approaches to work design. Dr. Pennathur is currently co-PI with Everett on a Phase 2 NSF CCLI grant for cultivating authentic engineering discourse. His interest in the NSF project is how faculty members navigate the engineering instructional space. Dr. Pennathur has also created the virtual collaborative

Conference Session

The Role of Engineering in Public Policy

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Melissa Lott, University of Texas, Austin; Carey King, University of Texas, Austin; Michael Webber, University of Texas, Austin

Tagged Divisions

Engineering and Public Policy

http://pepei.pennnet.com/display_article/319003/6/ARTCL/Display/none/1/PSEG-to-build- $150-million-power-plant.11. National Renewable Energy Laboratories. (2007, May). Retrieved June 25, 2008, from Annual Report on U.S. Wind Power Installations, Cost, and Performance Trends: 2006: http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy07osti/41435.pdf12. National Renewable Energy Laboratory. (n.d.). Retrieved June 25, 2008, from Assessment of Parabolic Trough and Power Tower Solar Technology Cost and Performance Forecasts: http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy04osti/34440.pdf13. National Renewable Energy Laboratory. (2007, October 30). Retrieved June 25, 2008, from Fuel From the Sky: Solar Power's Potential for Western Energy Supply: http://www.nrel.gov/csp