Conference Session

Session 9 - Track 2: The Unheard Voices of Administrators who are Non-traditional Graduate Students in Engineering and Computing Education

Collection

2023 Collaborative Network for Computing and Engineering Diversity (CoNECD)

Authors

Morgan Haley McKie, Florida International University; Mais Kayyali, Florida International University; Alexandra Coso Strong, Florida International University

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CoNECD Paper Sessions, Diversity

on these choices and to exercise control over the self and the environment” (p.5),may be used to understand and examine how motivation and self-direction are realized. Beingthat the focus of the study is on non-traditional students, the utilization of properties of humanagency as described by Bandura (2006) will help reveal the motivations and interests, goals andoutcomes, action plans and self-regulators, as well as self-reflection and evaluation of these non-traditional students who are pursuing a doctorate while working full-time.Methodology This study seeks to identify factors that impact the agency of individuals pursuing theirgoals in dual roles, as doctoral students and higher education administrators, by analyzing theirlived

Conference Session

Session 1 - Track 2: Exploration of Servingness across Virginia's Top Ranking HSI, HBCU, and PWI

Collection

2023 Collaborative Network for Computing and Engineering Diversity (CoNECD)

Authors

Simone Nicholson, Florida International University; Morgan Haley McKie, Florida International University; Stephanie A Damas, Clemson University

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CoNECD Paper Sessions, Diversity

where Black students begin toexplore Black history in an in-depth lens, their own positionality as it pertains to the plights ofthe community and are taught how to use their time to serve the Black community through atantamount of student-leadership activities and organizations. I am grateful for my time at myHBCU, I often look at the rich dynamic of HBCU education—what it offers Black students andthe surrounding communities that other institutions cannot. However, as a Black feminist and aBlack woman in technical engineering communities, I also can think about the areas in whichHBCUs can improve in their servingness outside of patriarchal normatives. Though I recognizethese normatives reflect the white supremacy that exists in society, at

Conference Session

Session 1 - Track 1: Diversifying STEM Pathways: Math Circles of Chicago

Collection

2023 Collaborative Network for Computing and Engineering Diversity (CoNECD)

Authors

Douglas O'Roark, Math Circles of Chicago; Boz N Bell, HP Inc.; Tiffany Grant King, HP Inc.

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CoNECD Paper Sessions, Diversity

named in his honor.Mr. Boz N Bell, HP Inc.Mrs. Tiffany Grant King, HP Inc. Mechanical engineer with both academic research experience and industry experience in the areas of automotive, pharmaceutical, paper manufacturing, consumer products/goods, and technology engaged in the challenges in STEM education, talent acquisition, and global business systems. ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2023DIVERSIFYINGSTEM PATHW AYS:MATH CIRCLES OFCHICAGO Doug O’ Roark Boz BellA Ne wJ o u rn e y 1. The Need 2. A Solution 3. Outcomes 4. Shared Vision 5. Reflecting on the JourneyIn t ro d u c t io n s Doug O’ Roark

Conference Session

Session 6 - Track 3: The only difference is now it counts: Exploring the Role of a Summer Bridge Program in Shaping Student Expectations of Engineering

Collection

2023 Collaborative Network for Computing and Engineering Diversity (CoNECD)

Authors

Taylor Y. Johnson, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Malini Josiam, Virginia Tech; Walter C. Lee, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

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CoNECD Paper Sessions, Diversity

all SBP participants were asked to complete and a majority of the participants (n =54) submitted a response. The purpose of the questions we analyzed from the exit survey was touncover how students anticipate the SBP experience will compare to a school semester ofengineering and students’ interpretation of what the SBP prepared them for. As we created theexit survey after interviewing SBP participants, we were specifically interested in understandingmore about how students thought the SBP prepared them, which are reflected in the questions weasked them, provided in the next section. We thematically analyzed the responses to the exitsurvey. 5.1.1. Workshops Response We hosted a workshop with students during their

Conference Session

Session 1 - Track 3 : Exploring Experiences of Black Engineering Students Transitioning into Predominately White Institutions for Graduate Studies

Collection

2023 Collaborative Network for Computing and Engineering Diversity (CoNECD)

Authors

Michael Lorenzo Greene, Arizona State University, Polytechnic campus; Brooke Charae Coley, Arizona State University, Polytechnic Campus

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CoNECD Paper Sessions, Diversity

demographics. This lens will allow the research team to dive deeper into the phenomenon that is the transition itself, and the contexts in which they occur provide invaluable knowledge on how institutions can better prepare for students of color, rather than applying a monolithic, “one-size-fits-all” mentality towards it. As a part of the utilizing the phenomenological lens, each student transcript was initially read through looking for instances of the participant reflecting on their transition to their graduate institution. Structural coding was utilized for the first-cycle coding method. Structural coding applies a content-based or conceptual phrase representing a topic or inquiry to a segment of data that

Conference Session

Session 3 - Track 2: Discovering our "We": Marginalization as Connection between International STEM Faculty and their Black and Brown Doctoral Mentees

Collection

2023 Collaborative Network for Computing and Engineering Diversity (CoNECD)

Authors

Lisa Merriweather, University of North Carolina at Charlotte; Cathy Howell, University of North Carolina at Charlotte; Edith Gnanadass, University of Memphis

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CoNECD Paper Sessions, Diversity

not necessarily reflect the views of the National ScienceFoundation. Dr. Edith GnanadassDr. Cathy D. Howell Dr. Lisa R. MerriweatherRev. Dr. Martin Luther KingBirth of a New Age, 195680% of all STEM faculty are white or Asian25% of all STEM full professors are womenLess than 10% are from racially minoritized groups  2.5% are Black  4.6% Latine  37% of American colleges and universities have no Black STEM faculty  28% have only 1 Black STEM faculty53% STEM professors at HBCUs are White men. 22% of STEM faculty are foreign-born/international75% of foreign-born/international faculty are in STEMUniversity Personally Cultural exchange  Welcomed in departments Globalization

Conference Session

Session 6 - Track 2: Illuminating the APIDA Experience in Engineering Education: A Scoping Review

Collection

2023 Collaborative Network for Computing and Engineering Diversity (CoNECD)

Authors

Michelle Choi Ausman, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Qin Zhu, Virginia Tech

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CoNECD Paper Sessions, Diversity

andexperiences contribute to their ways of defining and solving engineering problems or how theirengineering learning experience has helped them reflect on their cultural identities as Asians. Wehope that future research on Asian American engineering students considers their variouscultural identities when discussing matters regarding race, particularly of Asian Americanstudents.Discussion and Future ResearchFuture research needs to address the extreme cultural diversity within the Asian Americancommunity, which has been a focal discussion among Asian American studies researchers [2].Recent studies in higher education have shown that Filipino students are 60% less likely to majorin STEM fields than other Asian American students [11] and Hmong and

Conference Session

Session 10 - Track 1: Walking Between Two Worlds: Creating a Framework for Conducting Culturally-Responsive Research with University Indigenous Communities

Collection

2023 Collaborative Network for Computing and Engineering Diversity (CoNECD)

Authors

Qualla Jo Ketchum, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Marie C. Paretti, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Homero Murzi, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Jennifer Lyn Benning, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Donna Westfall-Rudd

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CoNECD Paper Sessions, Diversity

that of the Elders. These are people in the community“who have acquired wisdom through life experiences, education (a process of gaining skills, knowledge, andunderstanding), and reflection (Archibald, 2008 p 37). Age is not a factor when it comes to being an Elder. The maincriteria are that an individual is respected by others in the community and has important cultural knowledge that isshared (Archibald, 2008). When conducting culturally responsive research, particularly with Indigenouscommunities, a very important beginning step is receiving permission from the community members(Masta, 2018). As such, I framed my starting conversations around the purpose of receiving permission orblessing for my research as well as engaging and building a

Conference Session

Session 6 - Track 1: Intersectionality: Professional identity formation and the success of women of color in higher education STEM disciplines

Collection

2023 Collaborative Network for Computing and Engineering Diversity (CoNECD)

Authors

Saundra Johnson Austin, University of South Florida; Michelle Bradham-Cousar, Florida International University; Kemesha Gabbidon, University of South Florida

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CoNECD Paper Sessions, Diversity

focuses on health disparities. This is reflected in ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2023 Paper ID #36496 her work with the Disability Competencies. She is currently working on research that relates to students with disabilities within the school system. Also, part of a collaborative effort she is working with various faculty members to find ways to learn and address how faculty with disabilities are successful within Academia.Dr. Kemesha Gabbidon, University of South Florida Dr. Kemesha Gabbidon is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Psychology at the University of South

Conference Session

Session 4 - Track 2: Inclusive Innovation: Reframing STEM Research in COVID-19

Collection

2023 Collaborative Network for Computing and Engineering Diversity (CoNECD)

Authors

Tamara N. Hamilton, Syracuse University ; Claudine-Lonje A Williams, Syracuse University; Chelsea Bouldin

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CoNECD Paper Sessions, Diversity

submitted by studentsdocumenting their research hours and reflections on their progress which were then submitted tothe program coordinator. This allowed students to not only manage their time but also have anopportunity to contemplate their experiences. Students also provided qualitative feedback afterevery session which the program used to make adjustments and shape the program to be morestudent centered. Faculty mentors provided introductory information to acclimate students to thevirtual lab environment and research team which helped to foster a sense of community amongall research scholars. Faculty mentors were expected to meet regularly with their researchmentees to be kept abreast of the student progress and also provide an avenue to

Conference Session

Session 2 - Track 4: Sparking shifts in STEM: Facilitating equitable change through workshops on emerging and understudied research questions

Collection

2023 Collaborative Network for Computing and Engineering Diversity (CoNECD)

Authors

Joan M Herbers, ARC Network; Heather E. Metcalf PhD, WEPAN, Inc.; Virginia L Rhodes M.S., The Women in Engineering ProActive Network (WEPAN)

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CoNECD Paper Sessions, Diversity

18This theme was selected because language andterminology are integral parts of STEM cultureand oftenreflect larger social structures and power dynamics. Thelanguage, rhetoric, metaphors, and key terminologywithin STEM fields shape accessibility and inclusion inthose fields as well research approaches and solutions.For example, in computing, engineering, and technology,the commonly used terminology of master/slave to referto primary and secondary parts and male/female to referto “mating” connectors reflect problematic metaphorssteeped in white supremacy as well as sexism andheteronormativity (Eglash, 2007; Fiormonte, Chaudhuri, 19& Ricaurte, 2022; Miller et al., 2021).While the

Conference Session

Session 4 - Track 3: Exploration of the role and needs of high school counselors in supporting broader participation within engineering fields

Collection

2023 Collaborative Network for Computing and Engineering Diversity (CoNECD)

Authors

Jeanette Chipps, Johns Hopkins University; Medha Dalal, Arizona State University; Adam R Carberry, Arizona State University; Jennifer Kouo, Institute for Innovation in Development, Engagement, and Learning Systems (IDEALS)

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CoNECD Paper Sessions, Diversity

with engineering (e.g., counselors identifiedissues related to the need to broaden participation in the specific courses on their campus,which aligns to counselor awareness within the framework). Their statements did not extendbeyond gender to consider other underrepresented groups in STEM, but did indicate thatcounselors are aware that there is a need to support broader participation in this particularcourse on their campus. The counselors made comparisons to other programs on campus,which suggests that these counselors are reflecting on how the system could be changed tosupport broader participation and might indicate that the counselors recognize a need todevelop their skills or practices as counselors. This might represent a future source

Conference Session

Session 8 - Track 2: Resistance to advocacy around hidden curriculum in engineering

Collection

2023 Collaborative Network for Computing and Engineering Diversity (CoNECD)

Authors

Victoria Beth Sellers, University of Florida; R. Jamaal Downey; Idalis Villanueva Alarcón, University of Florida

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CoNECD Paper Sessions, Diversity

definition QUAN & QUAL of self-advocacy and identified their willingness to ignite an action on behalf of themselves and others around issues of HC. They provided a personal example highlighting what they have self-advocated for in engineering. (9) Wrap-Up These questions inquired about the QUAL major lessons learned about HC through this survey and asked participants to reflect

Conference Session

Session 4 - Track 4: The Women of Color in Engineering Collaborative

Collection

2023 Collaborative Network for Computing and Engineering Diversity (CoNECD)

Authors

Roberta Rincon, Society of Women Engineers; Rochelle L Williams, National Society of Black Engineers; Dayna Lee Martínez, Society of Hispanic Professional Engineers, Inc.

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CoNECD Paper Sessions, Diversity

Focus on creating to catalyze the STEM enterprise Shared Vision systemic change to to work collaboratively for Partnerships broaden participation inclusive change, resulting in a Goals & Metrics in STEM STEM workforce that reflects the diversity of the Nation's Leadership & Communication population.” Expansion, Sustainability, and ScaleSubmitted a proposal for an NSF INCLUDES planning grant. 9 Many STEM

Conference Session

Session 8 - Track 3: Framing Cultural Bridges For Relational Mentorship

Collection

2023 Collaborative Network for Computing and Engineering Diversity (CoNECD)

Authors

SYLVANUS N. WOSU, University of Pittsburgh

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CoNECD Paper Sessions, Diversity

] can create barriers to mentoring access for ethnic minority students as well as become a hurdle to fostering commitment to mentoring ethnic minority students11. Deal with intergroup or diversity-based anxiety and unresolved identity and cross-cultural competence issues: Faculty mentors, especially White faculty, must seek help to deal with any element of intergroup or diversity based anxiety and the truths in mentoring [54], lack of cross-cultural competence, unresolved personal racial identity and cultural insecurity as these can create dysfunctional relationships that may negatively impact the career outcomes of minority students [55]12. Be reflective of your own experience: Be willing to reflect upon your own

Conference Session

Session 10 - Track 2: Get Outside and Learn (GOAL) Engineering Kits

Collection

2023 Collaborative Network for Computing and Engineering Diversity (CoNECD)

Authors

Jennifer Bishop, University of Maryland College Park; Vincent Nguyen, University of Maryland College Park; Paige E Smith, University of Maryland College Park; Elisabeth Smela, University of Maryland College Park

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CoNECD Paper Sessions, Diversity

) resides in a region rich in diversity.Over all majors, UMD seeks a balance that is representative of the state’s populationbetween female and male students, as well as underrepresented minority andnon-minority students. However, this balance is not reflected in engineering majors,in which only 27% of students identify as women, and 16% of students are fromhistorically underrepresented racial and ethnic groups. UMD is working to overcomethe disparity in our ability to attract underrepresented students from our localcommunities. A 2021 review by the Washington Post ranked UMD 6th among stateflagship institutions in terms of the gap between the percentage of black high schoolgraduates in the state and undergraduate enrollment. This issue is not

Conference Session

Session 12 - Track 1: The Advisor-Advisee Relationship in Engineering and Computer Science Ph.D. Programs: Understanding Who Benefits and How

Collection

2023 Collaborative Network for Computing and Engineering Diversity (CoNECD)

Authors

Catherine E. Brawner, Research Triangle Educational Consultants; Andrea Stancescu, NC State University; Maureen Grasso, NC State University; Yvette Maria Huet, UNC Charlotte; Rebecca Brent, Education Designs, Inc; Lisa Merriweather, University of North Carolina at Charlotte

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CoNECD Paper Sessions, Diversity

the AGEP-NC Alliance can befound in [15-18].One of the areas for critical reflection within the departments is the advisor-advisee relationship.In this paper, we examine faculty perceptions of the frequency with which they provide keyadvising benefits with students’ perceptions of receiving those same benefits and compare howstudents’ perceptions differ based on underrepresentation status. We present updated findingsfrom [19], focusing on baseline surveys from engineering and computer science departments atthe three AGEP-NC universities and answer the following questions: 1. What advising practices do faculty report using with doctoral students? What advising practices do dissertation-stage doctoral students report receiving? Are

Conference Session

Session 1 - Track 4: What does an Engineering Instructional Faculty do? Voices of Engineering Instructional Faculty at Hispanic-Serving Institutions

Collection

2023 Collaborative Network for Computing and Engineering Diversity (CoNECD)

Authors

Viyon Dansu, Florida International University; Alexandra Coso Strong, Florida International University; Meagan R. Kendall, University of Texas at El Paso

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CoNECD Paper Sessions, Diversity

knowing what to prepare for. So, I even have support from the students themselves.Poobah is another EIF who highly values developing meaningful relationships with his students.During the first year of the COVID pandemic, he shared how challenging it was to build thoserelationships, given that he lost that valuable time before and after class to speak one-on-onewith students. In the interview, he reflected on one memorable example from before COVID todescribe why he appreciates building these relationships with his students and what he hoped areturn to campus would bring for both him and his students. So, I was sitting next to one of my students in my class and I looked at him, I said, "Well, you look a little sad today." And he

Conference Session

Session 12: Track 3: Exploring Two Contrasting Narratives of LGBTQ+ Undergraduate Engineering Students at a Hispanic Serving Institution

Collection

2023 Collaborative Network for Computing and Engineering Diversity (CoNECD)

Authors

J Garcia, Florida International University; Malak Elaouinate, Florida International University; Bailey Bond-Trittipo, Florida International University; Stephen Secules, Florida International University

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CoNECD Paper Sessions, Diversity

undergraduate degree. As shebegan to integrate more fully into campus life and the engineering center, she realized that herhome life, in which she was raised with a single, feminist mother who was the provider in thefamily, contrasted with the patriarchal nature of the atmosphere at the university. This caused herto experience cultural shock and felt pressured as a woman to suppress parts of herself inengineering spaces. Reflecting on this pattern prompted her desire to push for change to improvethe experiences of underrepresented student groups in engineering. She identifies as an ally forLGBTQ+ people, and the lack of emphasis on LGBTQ+ students in the STEM research literaturetroubled her and motivated her to take part in this research.Bailey Bond

Conference Session

Session 11 - Track 1: "Emotions can hinder Professional Experiences:" Emotional states of first-generation engineering students when introduced to hidden curriculum

Collection

2023 Collaborative Network for Computing and Engineering Diversity (CoNECD)

Authors

R. Jamaal Downey, University of Florida; Idalis Villanueva Alarcón, University of Florida; Victoria Beth Sellers

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CoNECD Paper Sessions, Diversity

qualitative in nature, scope, and results. They serve thepurpose capturing a more in-depth snapshot and understanding of previously unknown socialphenomenon [26]. While we understand that open-ended short answers are not as detailed asother forms of qualitative methods (ethnography, participant observation, etc.), the creators ofthe survey placed a heavy emphasis on capturing a large set of data to compensate for theperceived lack of detail.AcknowledgementsThis material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) No.EEC-1653140 and 2123016 given to the second author. Any opinions, findings, and conclusionsor recommendations expressed in this material do not necessarily reflect those of the NSF. Wewant to give a special

Conference Session

Session 5 - Track 1: Introducing the C2West Framework for Analyzing Assets of Black Undergraduate Students in Engineering

Collection

2023 Collaborative Network for Computing and Engineering Diversity (CoNECD)

Authors

Jessica Allison Manning, Clemson University; Catherine E. Brawner, Research Triangle Educational Consultants; Aimee Sayster; Catherine Mobley, Clemson University; Marisa K. Orr, Clemson University; Rebecca Brent, Education Designs, Inc

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CoNECD Paper Sessions, Diversity

Science Foundation under Grant No.1734347. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this materialare those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National ScienceFoundation.References[1] L. P. Davis and S. D. Museus, “What Is Deficit Thinking? An Analysis of Conceptualizationsof Deficit Thinking and Implications for Scholarly Research,” NCID Currents, vol. 1, no. 1,Nov. 2019, doi: 10.3998/currents.17387731.0001.110.[2] A. Bruton and R. A. Robles-Piña, “Deficit thinking and Hispanic student achievement:Scientific information resources,” Problems of Education in the 21st Century, vol. 15, p. 41,2009.[3] J. McKay and M. Devlin, “‘Low income doesn’t mean stupid and destined for failure

Conference Session

Session 3 - Track 1: Advocates and Allies Across Multiple Institutions: A Discussion of Best-Practices to Support Gender Equity

Collection

2023 Collaborative Network for Computing and Engineering Diversity (CoNECD)

Authors

Cristinel Ababei, Marquette University; John Borg P.E., Marquette University; Lisa Borello, University of Dayton; Dennis Brylow, Marquette University; David Daleke; Alan Richard Denton, North Dakota State University; Nathan Ensmenger, Indiana University; H. Richard Friman, Marquette University; Roger A. Green, North Dakota State University; John Grych, Marquette University; Thomas W James, James; Donald F. Johnson; Gary Krenz, Marquette University; Jonathan T Macy, Indiana University Bloomington; Robert W Peoples, Dept of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University; Joshua E. Perry, Indiana University, Kelley School of Business Bloomington; Chris M Ray; Martin R St. Maurice, Marquette University; Patrick W Thomas; Matthew D Zink

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CoNECD Paper Sessions, Diversity

Intervention: This workshop introduces a modified version of the5Ds of bystander intervention that is focused on responding to gender bias incidents.“Ally Tips” Repository: We send out a weekly “tips” email that focuses on a different sub-topicwithin allyship each week. Each tip is formatted with a “reflect” section that introduces theconcept and data, a “learn” section that explains how it manifests and how to recognize it, and a“change” section that suggests how to act on the new information. Most of the topics addresssome aspect of intersectionality with gender and the timing is synchronized with nationalrecognition of specific groups (e.g., highlighting Native American women in academia duringNative American Heritage Month).Data Review Group: In

Conference Session

Session 7 - Track 1: Expanding Conversations about Accessibility to Include Faculty

Collection

2023 Collaborative Network for Computing and Engineering Diversity (CoNECD)

Authors

Cali Anicha PhD, North Dakota State University; Cecilia Aragon, University of Washington; Canan Bilen-Green, North Dakota State University; Brianna Blaser, University of Washington; Larry Napoleon Jr., North Dakota State University

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CoNECD Paper Sessions, Diversity

professoriate ages and due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The number ofnew faculty with disabilities is also expected to increase because greater numbers of individualswith disabilities are graduating with PhDs in STEM and are thus potential candidates for joiningthe professoriate [1]–[3]. Because students benefit from role models who reflect their ownidentities—as well as from exposure to instructors and mentors with diverse backgrounds—it isworthwhile to cultivate a diverse faculty, including disabled faculty [4]. People with disabilitiesbenefit from meeting or learning about role models and mentors that have navigated issuessurrounding accessibility and accommodations in education and employment settings [5], [6].The AccessADVANCE project was funded in

Conference Session

Session 2 - Track 3: From website to work environment: Exploring minority undergraduate engineering students conceptualizations of engineering careers

Collection

2023 Collaborative Network for Computing and Engineering Diversity (CoNECD)

Authors

Acaydia Campbell; Venicia Castro Villatoro; Angel Alexis Lopez, Florida International University; Janice L. Hall, Florida International University; Alexandra Coso Strong, Florida International University

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CoNECD Paper Sessions, Diversity

and earn hands-on experience”. While 8organizational expectations focused on the company’s desires or values; what the companyexpected out of an individual and the requirements necessary for said individual to be considereda viable asset to the company. Memos reflecting organizational expectations were as follows, “Ithink that the job requires a certain amount of skills in order to be hired” and “I would think thatthis company takes pride in their product and ensure that their quality control is accurate andefficient”. Now, there was also the occurrence of these two categories of expectationsoverlapping with one another. For example

Conference Session

Session 5 - Track 2: Community College Computing Programs' Unique Contexts for Promoting Gender Equity

Collection

2023 Collaborative Network for Computing and Engineering Diversity (CoNECD)

Authors

Erin Carll, University of Washington; Elizabeth Litzler, University of Washington; Gretchen Achenbach, University of Virginia; Nancy Binowski, County College of Morris; Catherine E. Brawner, Research Triangle Educational Consultants; Jamie Lee Huber Ward, WEPAN, Inc.; Sherri L Sanders; Melissa C Stange, Laurel Ridge Community College; Zhen Wu

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CoNECD Paper Sessions, Diversity

year (2019-2020), Extension Services began with twocolleges that award both two- and four-year degrees and were part of the same state system. Inthe second year (2020-2021), three CCs that exclusively grant associate degrees joined theinitiative. We integrate data from evaluation surveys and interviews, and—for the most recentLC cohort—structured personal reflections from three points-of-contact leading their CLTs. Forthis last piece, two points-of-contact reviewed and contributed to this paper as co-authors, andanother point-of-contact contributed to the early development of the paper.We descriptively analyzed a total of 13 responses from an end-of-initiative survey, which wasadministered by external evaluators at the University of Washington