Conference Session

Pedagogy and Assessment in ECE III

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jianbiao Pan, California Polytechnic State University; Albert Liddicoat, California Polytechnic State University; James Harris, California Polytechnic State University; Linda Shepherd, California Polytechnic State University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

score (e.g. 85 or 93) for eachquestion that best reflects the evidence provided in the senior project report. Please consider thefollowing grading criteria when assigning a numeric score.A – (90-100) Superior Attainment of Course ObjectivesB – (80-89) Good Attainment of Course ObjectivesC – (70-79) Acceptable Attainment of Course ObjectivesD – (60-69) Poor Attainment of Course ObjectivesF – ( 0-59) Non-Attainment of Course Objectives1. Overall system level design SCORE ____________ Several All requirements Some requirements Most requirements

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Reisel, University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee; Marissa Jablonski, University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee; Hossein Hosseini, University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee; Ethan Munson, University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee

bridge program, but to also go into the residence hall in the evenings to provideadditional math tutoring. This is being attempted in response to desires from the students in theprogram to have more structure in the evenings as well as more hands-on math tutoring, and thementors’ desire to have more impact in the program.AcknowledgmentsPartial support for this work was provided by the National Science Foundation's Science,Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics Talent Expansion Program (STEP) under Award No.DUE-0757055. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in thismaterial are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National ScienceFoundation. The authors would also like to thank Leah

Conference Session

Implementing the CE BOK into Courses and Curricula

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Steven Benzley, Brigham Young University; Ronald Terry, Brigham Young University; Rollin Hotchkiss, Brigham Young University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

possible that a single course can meet the requirementsfor both Social Science and Global and Cultural Awareness. Our college, upon developing aninitiative in leadership, ethics, and globalization, believed that a new University GeneralEducation course could be developed that would address these three topics.14 Such a coursewould allow engineering students to gain skills in these areas without increasing graduation Page 15.118.4requirement credit hours. Such a course would also serve the general university student body byPage 15.118.5 structured, guided manner under the direction of a faculty member. Evidence of reflection

Conference Session

Student Engagement in ECE

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sergey Makarov, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Reinhold Ludwig, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Stephen Bitar, Worcester Polytechnic Institute

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

important when studying operationalamplifiers, where the current path to the voltage supply and the role of the voltage supply itselfare frequently ignored by some students.Fig. 1 illustrates the current flow in a typical dual-rail amplifier. Fig. 1a) corresponds to the push Page 15.1048.2mode - the non-inverting amplifier sources the current from the power supply. Fig. 1b)corresponds to the pull mode - the non-inverting amplifier sinks the current into the powersource. Such a figure attracts close class attention and allows students to reflect on initialamplifier concepts. In particular, it clearly establishes the role of the dual power supply

Conference Session

Service Learning and Societal Issues in the First Year

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brian Savilonis, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; David Spanagel, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Kristin Wobbe, Worcester Polytechnic Institute

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

Engineering 15% 39% 60% 77% 60% Science/Math 80% 58% 30% 21% 31% Other 5% 3% 9% 2% 8%PTW was disproportionately male (77%), while GC tracked the gender ratio of the First Year Page 15.472.7class as a whole (see Table 3). HTW and FTW were disproportionately female relative to theentering class. We speculate that there are two not unrelated underlying reasons for the biases:the students select courses that reflect their disciplinary interests and/or the students choose

Conference Session

Frontiers in Engineering Management

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Suzanna Long, Missouri University of Science & Technology; Hector Carlo, University of Puerto Rico; Jane Fraser, Colorado State University, Pueblo; Abhijit Gosavi, Missouri University of Science and Technology; Scott Grasman, Missouri University of Science & Technology

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

organizational cultures,time zones, and practice. This framework fosters experience-based learning and examines thevalue-added communication skills achieved through the addition of a global, virtual studentproject environment to supply chain-logistics management courses.Literature ReviewThe globalization of the world economy and the impact of technology on workforce preparationand curriculum design are reflected in the literature and showcase a strong awareness of thevalue of globalizing the curriculum. This shift is readily apparent when comparing the concernsof authors in past decades over lack of global awareness with the strong advocacy and promotionof globalization in current literature2, 10, 18.Traditional supply chain courses provide students

Conference Session

Design Projects in Mechanical Engineering I

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Scott Post, Bradley University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

retaliation. Others were reluctantto reflect critically on their own attitude, behavior, and performance and have those commentsvoiced publicly during the focus group.” Haag also notes: “Although numerous studies have been done to assess the effect "gender ratio" has on a group and its members, the literature is inconsistent. Some researchers feel that increasing the proportion of females in a group will have a positive effect on its members. Others disagree and propose that an increase in female proportion in certain areas could have a detrimental effect. The Foundation Coalition female evaluation findings (including attitudes and implications), although more consistent with new research in other disciplines, are somewhat

Conference Session

High School Engineering Education

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Todd Kaiser, Montana State University; Peggy Taylor, Montana State University; Carolyn Plumb, Montana State University; Howard Tenenbaum, La Jolla High School, San Diego Unified School District; Seth Hodges, St. Michael Indian School, St. Michaels, AZ

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

in my classroom.I spent the first day of school this year providing a PowerPoint on “What I Did Last Summer.”Photos and stories about the solar cell course took up much of the presentation. This presentationmay be responsible for an increase in membership in our school’s AISES chapter (AmericanIndian Science and Engineering Society). A couple of our freshman students are now interestedin investigating solar cell technology for next year’s AISES science fair.Conclusions and RecommedationsWhile the course had generally positive comments from the follow-up survey, it was felt thatmore should be done to highlight the electrical engineering aspect of the course. The course willagain be offered in summer of 2010, and it will be modified to reflect

Conference Session

Launching Successful Academic Careers

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Adrienne Minerick, Mississippi State University

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

no real tangible measurable credentials to help my annualreviews and thus earn tenure. In retrospect, I was intimidated by writing research proposals,didn’t exactly know how to structure a proposal and lacked confidence that my ideas were good.During that first year, I only tried for smaller proposals and never stuck my neck out very far.When I got negative reviews, I felt devastated and defeated. Just as students sometimes allow Page 15.1005.2grades to reflect their self-worth, I was letting feedback tell me I wasn’t good or worthy of thejob. As a new faculty member, maybe the baggage that holds you back is a little different, but a

Conference Session

Industry based new Innovative and Nontraditional Curriculum in Industrial Technology and Industrial Engineering Technology

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Louis Reifschneider, Illinois State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

does a good job at providing a reasonable project experience for the teams. Theproject is complex enough to provide challenging planning and team-oriented problem solvingtasks. Further, the project provides the ultimate challenge for any manager; it requires executionand control of the project plan. This "tire hitting the road" experience provides an objective, hardreality deadline for the teams. It makes the work they do reflect a real project, not some reportabout how a project could be carried out. However, it is difficult to envision how to rotateleadership roles in a meaningful manner. There are at least three options: 1. Have N unique projects for each team where N is the number of team members. In the current capstone, N is 4

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Hanson, California Polytechnic State University; David Elton, Auburn University; Gary Welling, California Polytechnic State University; Daniel Pitts, Auburn University; Daniel Butler, Auburn University

(introversion vs. extraversion), perceiving mental process (sensing vs. intuition), judging mental process (thinking vs. feeling), and outside world orientation (judging vs. perceiving) resulting in 16 personality types.Kolb Learning Based on quadrants of 2 dimensions of perception (sensing/feeling vs.Cycle thinking) and 2 dimensions of processing (doing vs. watching).Felder and Based on 5 dimensions of learning: perception (sensory vs. intuitive),Silverman’s Index input (visual vs. auditory), organization (inductive vs. deductive),of Learning Styles processing (active vs. reflective), and understanding (sequential vs. global).Herrmann Brain

Conference Session

CE Capstone: Innovations in Learning & Assessment

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Charlie Quagliana, University of WIsconsin-Madison; Jeffrey Russell, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Michael Doran, University of WIsconsin-Madison; Rod Hassett, University of WIsconsin-Madison; Greg Harrington, University of WIsconsin-Madison

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

for the learningexperience. As is the case in the real world, project teams need to consider engineering and non-engineering issues within the scope of their work. As the project is developed from beginning toend, students should be exposed to many non engineering issues to reflect real life situations.These issues include: legal, financial, political, environmental, social, scheduling, constructionphasing, future expansion, and many others. The key point is this: real world projects are notjust about engineering design.Appropriate projects should present multiple design challenges for the team, especially related toinvestigating and presenting options or alternatives to the client. For example, the project designmay generate multiple layouts

Conference Session

Preparing Engineers for the Global Workplace and Successful Graduates for a Flat World: What Does It Take?

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sarah Zappe, Pennsylvania State University; Thomas Litzinger, Pennsylvania State University; Hien Nguyen, Pennsylvania State University

Tagged Divisions

International

way engineers willwork will reflect an ongoing evolution that began to gain momentum a decade ago.”1The problems that engineers are called upon to solve and the composition of teams will likelyhave a strong international character. Engineers will be called upon to work on internationalprojects, such as those relating to environmental crises. In a 2008 National Science Foundationsummit on why engineers need to be educated as global citizens, several “urgent” globalproblems were listed that need engineers with global training. These problems included thepopulation of space, global climate change, sustainable development of the under-developedregions of the world, terrorism, and outsourcing of manufacturing jobs.4,5In order to work on challenges

Conference Session

Capstone and Senior Design in Engineering Technology: Part II

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William Leonard, Rochester Institute of Technology; Robert Merrill, Roch Inst of Tech; Elizabeth Dell, Rochester Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

more infusion time. Opportunities for students to try alternate approaches to problem solving with a fresh start each time. Lets students experience growth. Enhances opportunities for diversity. 6. The ‘Why? / How? / Prove it!’ concept is more hard-wired into the student. 7. Gives the student more time to ‘pick themselves up and try again’. This offers reiteration and reflection before moving onto the next phase. 8. There are more distinct gradable moments and more refinement in the detail.(Having had personal experience with a traditional senior capstone project both as a studentand an industrial representative for several projects, the author can say without a doubt that thedeficiencies stated in the above sections are real

Conference Session

Special Session: Next Generation Problem-Solving

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ronald Miller, Colorado School of Mines; Tamara Moore, University of Minnesota; Brian Self, California Polytechnic State University; Andrew Kean, California Polytechnic State University; Gillian Roehrig, University of Minnesota; Jack Patzer, University of Pittsburgh

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

beliefs. Transitional responses reflect a view that, unlike teacher-centered responses, includes students. These responses demonstrate an affective response towardstudents, as opposed to emerging and reform-based responses, where the student is viewed ashaving a critical voice in classroom decisions and construction of knowledge (Roehrig & Kruse,2005). Table 1 represents the number of times each instructor had a response that was coded ineach of the five categories. The top row for each instructor represents responses from the firstinterview or survey and the bottom row represents responses from the second interview - oneyear later. For this paper, shifts in beliefs have been defined as at least three questions codesmoving in the same

Conference Session

Focus on Faculty

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniel Knight, University of Colorado, Boulder; Katie Corner, University of Colorado, Boulder; Beverly Louie, University of Colorado, Boulder; Amber Shoals, University of Colorado, Boulder; Cindy Cabrales, University of Colorado, Boulder

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

. In recent years, the retention rate for women has declined and dropped below the rateat which the College retains men. An analysis of graduation rates in other colleges at theuniversity did not reflect the same pattern, indicating this pattern is specific to the college ofengineering. 62% 60% 58% 56.6% 56% Percent Retention 54.0% 54% Female 52

Conference Session

IE and the Classroom

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Dean Jensen, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology; Stuart Kellogg, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology

Tagged Divisions

Industrial Engineering

Definitions 0.2 Counting Definitions 0.2 Counting 0 0.0 Distributions Expectations Distributions Expectations Figure 1. Probability and Statistics Concept Inventory Results (2003, 2008) Figure 1 shows results from a campus inventory given in the second semester of aprobability and statistics sequence. Enrollment in the course is predominantly industrialengineering majors. Figure 1 reflects limited understanding of fundamental concepts but thisperformance is neither new nor limited to probability and statistics. There is a significant andgrowing body of research that

Conference Session

Innovative Teaching and Assessment Tools

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tristan Utschig, Georgia Institute of Technology; Judith Norback, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

own. Second, we have shared part of the engineering oral presentationrubric we created based on executive input. The full version will be shared at the conference.The resulting tool has high face validity: it clearly reflects real world oral communication. Thetool also has high content validity: it is drawn from engineers already very successful incommunicating in the workplace. Third, we have described the supplemental teachingguidelines that define the rubric items in more detail and provide information on how to helpstudents improve their oral presentation skills. Many engineering faculty would like to includepresentation skills in their courses. Often they and their teaching assistants recognize the neededskills without necessarily

Conference Session

Aerospace Technical Session

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Roger Forsgren, NASA Headquarters; Lauren Miller, NASA Headquarters

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

generation.NASA APPEL “Seven Axioms of Good Engineering (SAGE)” course:NASA has learned tragically from its own past that engineering accomplishments require morethan good technical skills. They require a strong dose of engineering wisdom, as well. Suchwisdom is gained by appreciating historical achievements and understanding past mistakes. Asthe Scottish author, Samuel Smiles once wrote: “We learn wisdom from failure much more thanfrom success. We often discover what will do, by finding out what will not do; and probably hewho never made a mistake never made a discovery.”1The Seven Axioms of Good Engineering course takes a reflective look at numerous case studies,both from within NASA and the outside world, to discover where the root causes of most

Conference Session

Technological Literacy and K-12 Engineering

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rene Reitsma, Oregon State University; Paul Klenk, Duke University; Malinda Zarske, University of Colorado, Boulder; Jacquelyn Sullivan, University of Colorado, Boulder

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

ofthe authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.Bibliography1. Baeza-Yates, R., Ribeiro-Neto, B. (1999) Modern Information Retrieval. ACM Press, Addison Wesley, Harlow, UK.2. Blumenthal, D. (2003) Evaluation Approaches for a K-12 Digital Library Collection. WGBH Educational Foundation. Boston. MA. Available: http://eduimpact.comm.nsdl.org/evalworkshop/blumenthal.doc. Accessed 12/03/2008.3. Breen, C. (2008) Review: NetTrekker. MacWorld.com. Available: http://www.macworld.com/article/134787/2008/08/nettrekker.html. Accessed: 12/03/2008.4. Cunningham, C.M., Hester, K. (2007) Engineering is Elementary: An Engineering and Technology Curriculum for Children. Proceedings, ASEE

Conference Session

Design in the First Year

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Pacella, University of Maryland, Baltimore County; Taryn Bayles, University of Maryland, Baltimore County

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

inexpensively and efficiently build something toaccomplish a set objective given a series of problem constraints. The design project alsorequires students to evaluate and reflect on not only their own work, but the work of theircolleagues in the class as well. The skills of synthesis and evaluation later becomecrucial as students progress through their years as upperclassmen and enter the researchor industrial fields. My own experience in undergraduate research and advancedengineering courses, particularly the senior design course, has clearly demonstrated this. The design project also fosters the development of communication skills in youngengineers. By working in diverse design groups of 4-6 students as part of a discussionsection of ~30

Conference Session

Engineering Technology Progress Reports: Part I

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kenneth Stier, Illinois State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

- Perspectives from Both Sides of the Assessment Trench, Proceedings ofthe 2007 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition, Honolulu, HI.6 Mayes, T. S. & Bennett, J. K. (2005). ABET Best Practices: Results from Interviews with 27 Peer Institutions,Proceedings of the 2005 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition, Portland, OR.7 King, F. G. & Shamsuddin, I. (2003). Imbedding Assessment and Achievement of Course Learning Objectives withPeriodic Reflection, Proceedings of the 2003 ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition. Session 3613.8 Page 15.1280.13 Rogers, G. (2008). Faculty Workshop on Assessing Program Outcomes, Louisville, KY.9

Conference Session

Teaching Technological Literacy - College Courses and Minors

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Richard Doyle, Penn State University; Richard Devon, Pennsylvania State University

Tagged Divisions

Technological Literacy Constituent Committee

assessmentscollected by the university produced very high scores for the class and instructors and high praisein the comments section. Students are certainly empowered by this process which puts them on asimilar footing with their professors and has them contribute successfully to publicly held wikis.A related use of Google Apps has found similar student responsiveness.36AcknowledgementThe work was supported by the National Science Foundation under award: NUE- 0836669. PIMark Horn, Professor of Engineering Science at Penn State. Any opinions, findings, andconclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do notnecessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.Bibliography1. Wadha, Vivek, “Integrating Ethics

Conference Session

Importance of Technical & Professional Writing in Engineering Technology Curriculum

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Peilin Fu, National University; Shekar Viswanathan, National University, San Diego; Ronald Uhlig, National University, San Diego; Howard Evans, National University, San Diego

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

; may interfere occasionally Language or her sentences are with awkward reflects attempt to solid but meaning. (problematic practiced or articulate may lack Problems sentence refined main points, development with writing

Conference Session

Programming for Engineering Students

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Baker, University of Kentucky; Vincent Capece, University of Kentucky; Keith Rouch, University of Kentucky

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

concatenated into a single video recording using theediting features available in Camtasia Studio.Two of the examples recorded were classical problems found in most textbooks. One was thedevelopment of the Rayleigh pitot-tube relation and its use to determine the test section velocityin a supersonic wind tunnel. The second was the regular reflection of an oblique shock wavefrom a wall.The other two problems supplemented the examples found in the textbook used for this course.The solution for one dimensional flow with friction and a normal shock wave was presented forone of the problems. This illustrated the solution of a problem with multiple compressible flowfeatures. The other example problem considered was the solution of a normal shock wave for

Conference Session

Thermodynamics, Fluids, and Heat Transfer II

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mark Patterson, San Diego State University; Christopher Paolini, San Diego State University; Subrata Bhattacharjee, San Diego State University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

(ICCHMT), Guangzhou, China, May 18–21, 2009, pp. 413-418. [5] S. Gordon, F. J. Zeleznik, and V. N. Huff, "A General Method for Automatic Computation of Equilibrium Compositions and Theoretical Rocket Performance of Propellants," NASA, TN D-132, October 1959. [6] B. J. McBride and S. Gordon, "FORTRAN IV Program for Calculation of Thermodynamic Data," NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, NASA TN-D 4097, 1967. [7] S. Gordon and B. J. McBride, "Computer Program for Computation of Complex Chemical Equilibrium Compositions, Rocket Performance, Incident and Reflected Shocks, and Chapman-Jouguet Detonations," NASA, SP-273, 1971. [8] W. C. Reynolds, "The Element-Potential Method for Chemical Equilibrium Analysis

Conference Session

Innovative Curriculum and Practices in Engineering Technology

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Steven Walk, Old Dominion University; Roland Lawrence, Old Dominion University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

programs to assess student preparedness, beyond thewritten record of courses taken and grades received, to facilitate or encourage students to make asuccessful transition to their +2 courses. Students typically are given course descriptions andprerequisite skills lists to assess and reflect on their preparedness, then either encouraged tonarrow their skills gaps on their own or be mentored personally by an advisor.One common transition-enhancing practice is the use of a placement exam to demonstrate clearlyfor the student areas and levels of skills weaknesses or „gaps‟ they will need to revisit beforeembarking on their +2 curriculum. The authors know of no coordinated remedial programintended specifically for 2-year transition students and

Conference Session

Mentoring & Outreach for Girls & Minorities

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lindsey Jenkins-Stark, Iridescent; Tara Chklovski, Iridescent

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

(consistent with what was said earlier) minutesso that the majority of the session time (1 to 1.5 hours) is spent experimenting and manipulatingmaterials. Two well established lesson plan approaches are utilized: the Learning Cycles lessonapproach62 and Inquiry-based instruction63. Engineers practice teaching using few technicalterms, real-world analogies and multi-media to ensure understanding for audiences with limitededucation. Engineers learn to use assessment practices such as graphic organizers to ensurefamilies make significant knowledge gains64. Weekly preparation includes a reading assignment,instruction planning and reflective practice. Engineers are observed by Iridescent staff in eachsession and given feedback on how to improve their

Conference Session

Signal Processing Education

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert Santucci, Arizona State University; Tushar Gupta, Arizona State University; Mohit Shah, Arizona State University; Andreas Spanias, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

estimate the acoustic impulse response h(n) from theloudspeaker to the microphone including the reflection paths. A digital replica of the echo signaly(n) is estimated by filtering the received far end signal with estimated AIR w(n) which is thensubtracted from the observed microphone signal. The AEC is usually realized on a digital signalprocessor (DSP) which implies digital-to-analog conversion of the received far-end signal andanalog-to-digital conversion of the microphone signal. Since the echo path is unknown and,moreover, can change during the operation time, the linear filter has to be realized adaptively. Estimated room impulse response 0.7

Conference Session

Assessment & Continuous Improvement in ECET: Part II

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jane LeClair, Excelsior College; Li-Fang Shih, Excelsior College

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

, including the impacts of culture, diversity, and interpersonal relations. 12. Demonstrate a commitment and ability to continue to engage in lifelong learning. 13. Demonstrate a commitment to quality, timeliness, and continuous improvement.Direct Measure of Program Outcomes. The primary direct assessment of programoutcomes to determine the level of achievement is through the Integrated TechnologyAssessment (ITA) Capstone. The ITA is the mandatory capstone assessment for all studentsin the program. This assessment requires students to address all of the outcomes of theprogram in a single coherent portfolio document. In preparing the ITA, students reflect onpast academic and professional experiences and develop written narrative statements