? 1Methodology A. Study participants and study context This study is action research that focuses on the study sheet strategy used by the instructor of a required second-year engineering course, “Engineered Systems in Society”. Study sheet and exam grades were collected from thirty-three students which they prepared for Spring 2023 mid-semester examinations. The course incorporatescontemporary readings, team projects, and experiential learning to enhance students’ conceptual and practicalunderstanding of socio-technical systems. The use of systems thinking concepts and tools are used to help studentsframe socio-technical problems with an emphasis on stakeholder perspectives and ethical decision making within ahistorical and contemporary context
individual goals and perceptions of theVTS activity, the overall class consensus indicated a positive reception of the experience. Asseen in the Collective Orientation scores, the VTS experience notably impacted the students'perspectives on collaboration. The lower pre-VTS Collective Orientation scores are consistentwith what students shared in the interviews, as most are apprehensive of working in teams,highlighting concerns that were formed from past experiences, unknown work ethics of others,and varied abilities within a team. One student noted: “I usually resent [groupwork] and I’m immediately like, ‘Oh my God, no!’ I don't really want to do group work as much. I didn't really have a bad group work experience except for like