transition between compressed liquid and superheated vapor. Any point on thisdiagram corresponds to a state, which can be determined by the two properties T and v. However,this state is also related to a group of other properties, such as pressure (P), internal energy,enthalpy and entropy (s). As there are six properties commonly associated with a state, one canconstruct up to C62 different diagrams. However, as P and T are two properties that can bemeasured easily, they are often considered as the primary properties. Just as in quantummechanics, P and T are associated with two complementary properties v and s, and the product ofeach pair has the dimension of specific energy.Thermodynamics problems often involve some processes, i.e., transitions of
would need to crate are moving upward at a be divided by 3 and then given in N. constant speed of 3.0 m/s, how (if any) would the answer above in question #10 differ? (Question #10 asked when the pieces in the crate are not moving, what is the magnitude of force exerted on piece A by rope 2?) (Figure 9 displays the crate configuration for both questions.)Figure 6. Sign Configuration from Question #13 on Beta Instrument 1
result, using inexpensive deposition equipment, students weresuccessful at constructing working OLEDs.Bibliography1 For details see The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences website, www.kva.se.2 Recombination radiation in anthracene crystals, W. Helfrich and W. G. Schneider, Phys. Rev. Lett., 14, 229- 231 (1965).3 Organic Electroluminescent Diodes, C. Tang, and S. VanSlyke, App. Phys. Lett., 51, 913-915 (1987).4 Light-emitting diodes based on conjugated polymers, J. H. Burroughes, D. D. C. Bradley, A. R. Brown, R. N. Marks, K. Mackay, R. H. Friend, P. L. Burns, and A. B. Holmes, Nature, 347, 539–541 (1990).5 Bringing science policy into the optics classroom: Solid state lighting and United States lighting standards. S. K
– 30). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. 7. Rebello, N. S. (2009). Can we assess efficiency and innovation in transfer? AIP Conference Proceedings, Vol. 1179, 241 – 244. 8. R. J. Beichner, "An Introduction to Physics Education Research," in Getting Started in PER, edited by C. Henderson and K. A. Harper (American Association of Physics Teachers, College Park, MD, 2009), Reviews in PER Vol. 2, . 9. Hake, R. R. (1998). A six thousand student study of mechanics test data for introductory physics courses. The American Journal of Physics, 66(1), 64 - 74. 10. Connolly, P. & Vilardi, T. (1989). Writing to Learn in Mathematics and Science. New York: Teachers College Press. 11. Countryman, J. (1992
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statistical concepts which are frequentlymisunderstood by students at this level16.It should certainly be pointed out to students that this approach provides a very conservativenumber because it assumes worst case addition of inaccuracies and that more sophisticatedtechniques will be introduced later. If students are familiar with basic statistical techniques wecan differentiate between random and systematic errors and show that random errors can bereduced by averaging the results of repeated measurement. In this case, for random errors, therange can be replaced with 2s / n , where s is the experimental standard deviation and n is thenumber of samples averaged. This gives a 95% coverage interval for normally distributed dataand, by Chebyshev’s
undergraduate institution that may be usefulto other faculty and other institution in their quest to develop laboratories to support their workas well as engage undergraduate students in research.REFERENCES[1] Farrow, D., and R. LeMaster. “Automation laboratory development enhances studentlearning.” Proceedings of the ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition, Chicago, IL, June 18-21,2006.[2] Scott, S., R. Athinarayanan, Xiaobing Hou, and Shuju Wu. “Integrated curriculum andlaboratory development of an undergraduate telecommunications and computer networkingprogram.” Proceedings of the ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition, Pittsburgh, PA, June 22- Page
—that is, an increase to 100% favorable,expressed mathematically in Equation 1,where and are the final (post) and initial (pre)class averages on the Force Concept Inventory.6 %G % S f − % Si < g >≡ = (1) % G max 100% − % S iHake classifies courses as “high-g” if they show normalized gains greater than or equal to 0.7,“medium-g” courses have normalized gains between 0.3 and 0.7, and “low-g” courses, whichtended to use traditional lecture classroom methods, were lower than 0.37Table 2 provides data about the groups and summarizes survey results. In labeling the groups ofstudents
. Prentice Hall, 1999.[3] Patterson, E. T. “Just-in-Time Teaching: Technology Transforming Learning – A Status Report.” Invention andImpact: Building Excellence in Undergraduate STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics)Education. American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2005.[4] Gavrin, A., Eileen M. Cashman, and Elizabeth A. Eschenbach. “Special session - just-in-time teaching (JiTT):using online exercises to enhance classroom learning.” Frontiers in Education -FIE '05. Proceedings of the 35thAnnual Conference, 19-22 Oct. 2005.[5] [10] Formica, S. P., J. L. Easley, and M. C. Spraker. “Transforming common-sense beliefs into Newtonianthinking through just-in-time teaching.” Phys. Rev. ST Phys. Educ. Res. 6.2.020106 (Aug
of the American Workforce.2. NAE. (2006). Enhancing the Community college Pathway Into Engineering Careers. Washington: National Academies Press.3. Hestenes D, Wells M, Swackhamer G 1992 Force Concept Inventory. The Physics Teacher 30: 141-16.4. NAS. (2000). How People Learn. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.5. Evans, D.L., Gray, G.L., Krause, S., Martin, J., Midkiff, C., Notaros, B. M. Pavelich, M., Rancour, D., Reed- Rhoads, T., Steif, P., Streveler, R., & Wage, K. (2003, November). Progress on concept inventory assessment tools. Proceedings of the Frontiers in Education Conference, Boulder, CO
present study, the students in universities of technology hold somealternative conceptions in Electricity. Therefore, the physics teacher should think how to teachthe topics of electricity in an effective way. Furthermore, more research is need on developingmore effective teaching strategy to enhance UT students’ conception about electricity. Finally, itis found that the UT students did lack of the ability/intention in reasoning and explanation. It issuggested that physics teacher should encourage students and provide them more opportunities toengage in reasoning activities in physics course.AcknowledgementThe funding of this research work is provided by the National Science Council, Taiwan, ROC,under grant NSC 97-2511-S-259-008-MY3