Collection

2008 ASEE Zone 1 Conference

Authors

Qing Li

adjustment. Broadly speaking, students’ college success depends on two factors, i.e., students’background and their preparation at entry level, and university factors. Different types of university programstend to in take students who are different at the beginning level. The successes of the university programs maynot necessary reflect the differential impact of these programs, but simply the differences in the characteristicsof the entering students in these different programs. Therefore, if a study is to exam the success of a universityprogram, then students’ entry factors need to be partialed out as covariates. Typical examples applied covariateadjustment are given in Astin and Astin (1992); French, et. al., (2005).Longitudinal data analysis