Conference Session

SD Technical Session: Tricks of the Trade

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gurlovleen K. Rathore, Texas A&M University; Alexandra Coso Strong, Georgia Institute of Technology; Adam R. Carberry, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

Student

6 Engineering Ethics 7 10 5 Graduate Studies Civil Engineering Community Engagement in Engineering Education 8 8 4 Multidisciplinary Engineering Two Year College Computers in Education 9 6 3 New Engineering Educators Environmental Engineering Mechanics Aerospace Mechanical Engineering 10 Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

Conference Session

K-12 and Pre-College Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Eric Daney, Downingtown Area School District & Villanova University; Aaron P. Wemhoff, Villanova University; Gerard F. Jones, Villanova University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

directlymeasured. The aim for this unit of study is to raise awareness of the moral, ethical, social,economic, and environmental implications of using science and technology. Learning ObjectivesTo be able to fully answer the essential question and the address the project aim each student willneed to meet the three learning objectives listed below. 1. Describe the role of the data center in the functioning of the web 2. Identify inherent concerns in data center thermal management 3. Describe current and possible future strategies to address data center thermal management concerns. Foundational Learning ModulesThe Foundational Learning Modules drive the introduction of core content to meet the objectivesas well as promoting the

Conference Session

New Trends in Computing and Information Technology Education

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tanya Stanko P.E., Innopolis University; Oksana Zhirosh, Unium

Tagged Divisions

Computing & Information Technology

    • Organization  &  Industry   • Metacognition   • Professional   • Reflection  and  self-­‐assessment   • Ethical   • Information  and  media  literacy   • Legal   • Professional  development   • Security   10. INNOVATION  /  CREATIVE  THINKING   • Social   • New  and  novel  solutions  to  problems   5. PROBLEM  SOLVING  AND  CRITICAL   • Risk

Conference Session

Design Realization

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Paul O. Leisher, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Scott Kirkpatrick, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Richard W. Liptak, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Sergio Granieri, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Robert M. Bunch, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

constraints such as economic, environmental, social, political, ethical, health and safety, manufacturability, and sustainability.This activity provides numerous constraints including component size, product rating, limitedproduct development time, limited manufacturing time, and fixed and variable costs associatedwith labor and materials. Assessment of this outcome can be based on whether or not teamswere able to make a profit on their design. (d) An ability to function on multidisciplinary teams.Multidisciplinary teams are formed out of the cohort of engineering physics and opticalengineering students in our class. Success in practice is only achieved through teamwork; byassigning a fixed cost per student for labor and keeping the

Conference Session

Design in the Curriculum

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John P. Puccinelli, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Amit Janardhan Nimunkar, University of Wisconsin, Madison

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

) (b.3) Analyze & interpret data from experiments (c) Design a system, component, or process to meet desired needs (e) Solve biomedical engineering problems (d) Function on multidisciplinary team (f) Ethical responsibility: Cite regulations and standards and credit work (g) Communicate effectively: written and

Conference Session

NSF Grantees’ Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cynthia Finelli, University of Michigan; Maura J. Borrego, Virginia Tech

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

Paper ID #10226An inclusive process for developing a taxonomy of keywords for engineeringeducation researchDr. Cynthia Finelli, University of Michigan Dr. Cynthia Finelli is Director of the Center for Research on Learning and Teaching Engineering and research associate professor in the College of Engineering at the University of Michigan. She actively pursues research in engineering education and assists other faculty at U-M in their scholarly endeavors. Her current research interests include studying faculty motivation to change classroom practices, evalu- ating methods to improve teaching, and exploring ethical decision

Conference Session

Innovative Teaching Techniques in the Classroom

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Goli Nossoni, Manhattan College

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

. F., and Austin, S. “Adding Sustainability to the Engineer’s Toolbox: A Challenge for Educators.” Environmental Science and Technology, 2007: 4847-4850.4. Huntzinger, D. N., Hutchins, M. J., Gierke, J. S., and Sutherland, J. W. “Enabling Sustainable Thinking in Undergraduate Engineering Education.” International Journal of Engineering Education, 23(2) 2007: 218-230.5. Chau, K. W. “Incorporation of Sustainability Concepts into a Civil Engineering Curriculum.” Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice, ASCE, 2007: 188-191.6. El-Zein, A., Airey, D., Bowden, P., and Clarkeburn, H. “Development of a Course on Environmental Sustainability, Ethical Decision-making and Communication Skills in Engineering

Conference Session

Spatial Ability & Visualization Training II

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mark E. Snyder, Illinois Institute of Technology; Matthew Spenko, Illinois Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

Paper ID #9841Assessment of Students’ Changed Spatial Ability Using Two Different Cur-riculum Approaches; Technical Drawing Compared to Innovative ProductDesignDr. Mark E Snyder, Illinois Institute of Technology Architectural Engineering Faculty at IIT. Creating and testing innovative classroom pedagogy for the last 10 years. Evaluating the link between visualization and improved abstraction skills to specific classroom activities. Investigating the connection between ethical judgement and academic motivation to improve the learning environment.Prof. Matthew Spenko, Illinois Institute of Technology

Conference Session

NSF Grantees’ Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lisa Benson, Clemson University; Adam Kirn, University of Nevada, Reno; Courtney June Faber, Clemson University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

grade has a lower impact on their future, and have more confidence in their choice ofmajor than females in low representation majors. Compared to top enrollment majors, BIOE’sfeel they are struggling more with their courses and have less faculty support. BIOE females feelthey have a greater understanding and ethical responsibility, and confidence in their choice ofmajor compared to top enrollment females. Due to the consistency of these results a predictivemodel of choice of long-term engineering goal was created. Students who score highly onknowing an engineer as a reason for selecting a major, wanting a good potential salary, designingand building things, and their perceptions of the present were likely to be traditional engineers.Students

Conference Session

College Industry Partnerships Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Charles E. Baukal Jr. P.E., John Zink Hamworthy Combustion; Andrew Walter; Bethany Dickie

Tagged Divisions

College Industry Partnerships

aspects of the project as compared to the first and second generationprojects and other typical capstone projects. Page 24.287.5Senior Design ProjectsNearly all of the latest ABET accreditation student outcomes (Criterion 3) for engineeringprograms are related to senior design projects.28 These include: (a) an ability to apply knowledge of mathematics, science, and engineering (b) an ability to design and conduct experiments, as well as to analyze and interpret data (c) an ability to design a system, component, or process to meet desired needs within realistic constraints such as economic, environmental, social, political, ethical

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Programs and Courses Session 5

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Heath Joseph LeBlanc, Ohio Northern University; Khalid S. Al-Olimat P.E., Ohio Northern University; Firas Hassan, Ohio Northern University; Nesreen Alsbou, Ohio Northern University

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

OutcomesUpon the completion of this project, students certainly gained some knowledge related to circuitdesign and collaborated with each other working toward a common goal. In addition, it can beclaimed that the project activity supports the following students outcomes set by ABET: (a) an ability to apply knowledge of mathematics, science, and engineering; (b) an ability to design and conduct experiments, as well as to analyze and interpret data; (c) an ability to design a system, component, or process to meet desired needs within realistic constraints such as economic, environmental, social, political, ethical, health and safety, manufacturability, and sustainability; (d) an ability to function on

Conference Session

Impact of Community Engagement on Communities

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William M. Jordan, Baylor University

Tagged Divisions

Community Engagement Division

, including environmental, ethical, cultural, social, political, and economical aspects”;(b) seeks simplicity (as opposed to what Langdon Winner terms manifest and latent complexity); (c) chooses decentralization over authoritarian centralization; (d) employs labor intensive as opposed to capital intensive strategies; and (e) addresses itself to the unique characteristics of the surrounding community. Working with the marginalized and the poor does not imply charity. Rather, a true partnership with the community that is being served must be forged through a model where the community is involved in decision-making and management of projects. We understand this to be true for our

Conference Session

ME Curriculum and Assessment

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michele Miller, Michigan Technological University; Jeffrey Allen, Michigan Technological University; Jason Blough, Michigan Technological University; James P. De Clerck, Michigan Technological University; William J. Endres, Michigan Technological University; Scott A. Miers, Michigan Technological University; Ibrahim Miskioglu, Michigan Technological University; Gregory M. Odegard, Michigan Technological University; Charles D. Van Karsen, Michigan Technological University; Paul J. Van Susante, Michigan Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

consider first-hand experiences with students.Identify desired attributes of graduates (such as Survey industry partners and department faculty.critical thinker, ethical) and desiredknowledge/skills of graduates (such as finiteelement analysis and communication).Identify objectives and constraints. CRC compiles.Benchmark other curricula. Review literature, explore university web sites, and invite seminar speakers.Generate concepts for new curriculum. CRC and department faculty and staff brainstorm.Select concepts for new curriculum. Departmental faculty and staff provide

Conference Session

Miscellaneous Topics in Energy Education

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Faruk Yildiz, Sam Houston State University; Keith L. Coogler, Sam Houston State University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

with the opportunity to demonstrate the knowledge that they have gained in previousprojects. Students learned about various aspects of renewable energy including problemidentification, technical, social and environmental constraints, multidisciplinary teammanagement, communications and documentation skills. These projects also provided thestudents with an opportunity to view their designs from an ethical and sustainability awarenessperspective, thus realizing a lifelong learning opportunity. Through practice, the students realizedthat the key success to a design project is team work, industry interaction, and collaborations.Two renewable energy-related courses were developed and are being offered in the department.One of the courses is a

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Courses and Projects

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cyrus Habibi P.E., Minnesota State University, Mankato; Motahareh Tina Alaei, Minnesota State University, Mankato; Michael Ryan Lynch

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

(Outcome E). A bigportion of the project deliverables was four to five presentations made both to the client and otherpeers at the program, and the writing of several technical reports. After each presentation, the teamreceived feedback from the faculty and peers on the content and delivery of the presentation andtheir technical writing skills. Each section of the final technical report was reviewed and gradedby the team mentor (Outcome G). One of the deliverables was the contextualization documentthat reports what significance the final design might have on the environment, health and safetyconcerns, economics, ethics, etc. (Outcome H). Based on the technical evidence and submitteddocuments, these outcomes were evaluated, and the faculty mentor

Conference Session

NSF Grantees’ Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Anca L. Sala, Baker College, Flint

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

building, testing, operating andmaintaining laser and electro-optical devices and systems.2. Demonstrate critical thinking skills in applying basic photonics technology principles to solve Page 24.385.4technical problems.3. Exhibit effective oral and written communication skills, team work, and ethical andprofessional behavior in the workplace.4. Continue professional training and adapt to changes in the workplace through additionalformal and informal education.”Achievement of the PEO’s is supported by the Program Outcomes (PO) which capture whatstudents should know and be able to do at the time of graduation. Both PEO’s and PO’s werediscussed with

Conference Session

FPD 2: Building Community

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mangilal Agarwal, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis; Maher E. Rizkalla, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis; Sudhir Shrestha; Kody Varahramyan, IUPUI

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

by a team of 4-6 students.Seven credit hours incorporate fundamental, practical and computational principles ofnanotechnology into the curriculum. This will allow the TLC to build the following professionalattributes: • Ability to work productively in a collaborative setting. • Knowledge of successful careers in the nanotechnology area to fill the future needs of industry. Students pursuing this track are equipped with key elements needed in industry, including computer modeling and simulation, laboratory experience, and design methodologies. • Ability to do scientific research and engage in discovery and scholarship. • Develop strong professional attributes, including ethical behavior in the workplace

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division Technical Session 6

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nassif E. Rayess, University of Detroit Mercy; Brian A. Garner, Baylor University; Darrell K. Kleinke, University of Detroit Mercy; Rebecca P. Blust, University of Dayton; William M. Jordan, Baylor University; Edmond John Dougherty Jr., Villanova University

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

although not free of frustrations. Faculty also observed the pedagogicalvalue of collaborative projects but there was no consensus as to if or how much extra work isrequired to administer them.1- IntroductionCapstone design projects, being the culminating experience of a typical four year engineeringcurriculum, present an opportunity to reinforce a number of critical soft skills that are deemedimportant in professional engineering practice. Such soft skills are outlined by the EngineeringCriteria of ABET1 relating to communications, teamwork, ethical responsibilities, contextualunderstanding, among others. A more extensive list of student outcomes, presented by the KernEntrepreneurship Education Network (KEEN), is aimed at fostering an

Conference Session

K-12 and Pre-College Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Carla B. Zoltowski, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Marisa Exter, Purdue University; Monica E. Cardella, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Todd P. Shuba, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Ji Hyun Yu, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Mindy Hart, EPICS; William C. Oakes, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

Paper ID #10188Investigation of High School Pathways into Engineering (work in progress)Dr. Carla B. Zoltowski, Purdue University, West Lafayette Carla B. Zoltowski, Ph.D., is Co-Director of the EPICS Program at Purdue University. She received her B.S. and M.S. in electrical engineering and Ph.D. in engineering education, all from Purdue University. She has served as a lecturer in Purdue’s School of Electrical and Computer Engineering. Dr. Zoltowski’s academic and research interests include human-centered design learning and assessment, service-learning, ethical reasoning development and assessment, leadership, and

Conference Session

Critical Thinking, Leadership, and Creativity

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael L. Jones, Faculty of Information, University of Toronto

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

) can include both written rulesand unwritten norms that govern interaction. These are necessary to mediate social orderand help regulate larger questions of justice, ethics, and morality. Division of laboracknowledges that subjects require the assistance of others to realize their goals and thatpower relations among subjects are often unequal.Identifying  and  Negotiating  Contradictions   While CHAT can be helpful in describing the component forces influencinghuman activity, it may be most useful in highlighting situations where these forces act incontradiction to each other [24]. The concept of contradiction in CHAT highlights pointsof tension, potentially creating transformative changes in activity patterns[12]. Engestromhighlighted

Conference Session

Teaching Communication II

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jodi F. Prosise, St. Ambrose University; Hank Yochum, Sweet Briar College

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

of our efforts toenhance graduates’ skills in communication, multidisciplinary teamwork, lifelong learning, andawareness of social and ethical considerations in addition to a firm grasp of science,mathematics, and engineering fundamentals. Page 24.873.7Future directions may include comparison of student performance in Senior Capstoneexperiences with or without participating in this model of long-distance collaboration.Figure 3: Student outcome assessment results. Percentage of students rating their perception of their ability for each outcome for one year without collaboration (2012) and one year with collaboration (2013). Each graph is

Conference Session

Assessment in Construction Education

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ihab Mohammad Hamdi Saad P.E., Northern Kentucky University

Tagged Divisions

Construction

evaluated at the program level (during thecapstone project), or through performance in co-ops and based on surveys and feedback from theindustry (indirect measures). An example of the latter includes creative thinking and problemsolving skills, communication skills (both verbal and written), and ethical behavior. In someclasses, pre- and post-learning assessments were conducted, to identify the type and amount ofknowledge students started with, and compared to the amount they ended the class with, with theassumption that the difference represents what they have learned in this particular class. Thesepre- and post-learning tests served as a confirmation on the sufficiency and quality of the“supply” of knowledge students learned and retained from

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Margaret Scheiner, Florida State University; Micah McCrary-Dennis; David O Olawale, Dept of Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering; Okenwa I Okoli, Florida A&M University/Florida State University

thenecessity of methodologies for a wide range of processes to determine the best parameters forproduction of multiscale composites. Thorough understanding and further verification of thesemultiscale materials were attained through the application of statistical modeling of processesand property variations.CurriculumThe REU site guided students through a combination of seminars and lab experiences. Theseminars provided fundamental knowledge to assist in their research and included topics inResearch Methods and Ethics, Health and Safety, Statistical Analysis, Engineering DataAnalysis, Experimental Design, and the use of statistical software packages. Seminars onTechnology Entrepreneurship and Commercialization (TEC) were used to enhance

Conference Session

Environmental Engineering Pedagogy and Innovation

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephanie Butler Velegol, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Sarah E. Zappe, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Mary Lynn Brannon, Pennsylvania State University, University Park

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

Page 24.953.3to situate each and all the unit processes on the site.The program outcomes mapped to this course include: • An ability to design a system, component, or process to meet desired needs • An ability to function on multi-disciplinary teams • An ability to communicate effectively • An understanding of professional and ethical responsibility • Knowledge of contemporary issues • A recognition of the need for, and an ability to engage in, life-long learningDescription of online modules and assessment of student’s mastery of materialAfter careful discussion between the prerequisite course instructor and the design instructor,specific topics were chosen that covered technical content required for the

Conference Session

FPD 6: Course Content and Educational Strategies

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lydia Prendergast, Rutgers, School of Engineering; Eugenia Etkina, Rutgers University

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

, ethical, health and safety,manufacturability, and sustainability;(d) an ability to function on multidisciplinary teams; and(e) an ability to identify, formulate, and solve engineering problems.(f) an understanding of professional and ethical responsibility;(g) an ability to communicate effectively;(h) the broad education necessary to understand the impact of engineering solutions in a global,economic, environmental, and societal context;(i) a recognition of the need for, and an ability to engage in life-long learning;(j) a knowledge of contemporary issues;(k) an ability to use the techniques, skills, and modern engineering tools necessary forengineering practice.Additionally, Criterion 5-Curriculum states that: Students must be prepared for

Conference Session

NSF Grantees’ Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nikunja Swain P.E., South Carolina State University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

integration of students and development of student-faculty bonds. It is expectedthat eight seminars will be held per academic year. Potential seminar topics are: (1) The CSET-STEMProgram, (2) Applying for Graduate School and Financial Aid, (3) Finding a Mentor, (4) Ethics, (5)Public Speaking, (6) Understanding Group Dynamics, (7) Managing Intellectual Property, (8) TimeManagement, and (9) Technical Writing.(b)Graduate School and/or Employment Preparation -- Scholars will be urged to register with the SCState Career Center. This will ensure that they are prepared to connect with graduate schoolrepresentatives and employers.(c)Academic Mentors – Each scholar will choose an academic mentor from a list of available mentors.This list will include faculty

Conference Session

New ECE Courses

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Dick Blandford, University of Evansville; Mark Earl Randall, University of Evansville

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

learned what it takes to master a new language and complete a project to specifications. 5. Since every student had mastered a programming language prior to taking this class, it contained few difficult concepts and was therefore amenable to the inverted classroom format.AssessmentStudent work from this class is used for ABET assessment of student outcomes (c) and (e). (c) an ability to design a system, component, or process to meet desired needs within realistic constraints such as economic, environmental, social, political, ethical, health and Page 24.1125.7 safety, manufacturability, and sustainability (e

Conference Session

Manufacturing Materials and Processes

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Wayne P. Hung, Texas A&M University; Adam Farmer, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

strongly encourage cooperation with industry, c) Maintain closer relationships with industry, d) Has more manufacturing faculty and students, e) Place a greater emphasis on teaching, f) Provide numerous, well-equipped facilities, and g) Produce graduates with more knowledge on materials and processes.Nelson6 analyzed inputs from directors of ABET accredited programs to identify key technicalcompetencies for manufacturing graduates. Among 264 competencies, the highest rankedcompetencies related to quality, communication, and personal ethics. Baird7 proposed a Page 24.1166.3laboratory exercise to simulate mass production environment

Conference Session

Continuing Professional Development Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Svetlana Vasilievna Barabanova, Kazan National Research Technological University; Julia Ziyatdinova; Vasiliy Grigoryevich Ivanov, Kazan National Research Technological University ; Phillip Albert Sanger, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Continuing Professional Development

systemof training and the universities can show a good example. Moreover, the university often Page 24.1272.6faces the need to change the program contents taking into account the customer requirements.Thus, some very important topics are withdrawn, such as education ethics, education 5philosophy, oratory art, and etc. The program should also include the classes from the leadingprofessors and practitioners.The university also wants the employer to evaluate the results of the workforce participationin the program, and their practical implementation in the

Conference Session

Summer and Cohort Programs for Minorities: Student Success

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tonya Lynette Smith-Jackson, NC A&T State University; Brianna Shani Benedict, Industrial & Systems Engineering; Garner Ted Stewart II, Department of Industrial & Systems Engineering; Elaine Smith Vinson, North Carolina A&T State University

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

events. Training sessions were centered on (butnot limited to) the following topics:  History of ISE  Departmental missions and initiatives  Discussion of 2020 Preeminence Strategic Plan  IIE Ethical Canons  Academic culture  Recruitment Materials  Role plays of scenariosRoles of POs. The POs’ roles included communicating on a regular basis with the first yearstudents, which meant orchestrating ways to disseminate information and follow up quickly andefficiently. POs also ensured the students attended monthly seminars, information sessions, falland spring career fairs, pre-advisement meetings with their respective advisors, providedeffective sources to obtain tutoring for difficult