achieve net zeroembodied carbon in buildings by the year 2050. Their strategies include planning for a net zerobuilding sector, implementing more sustainable design, and sharing knowledge so everyone cancreate a more sustainable industry.With a growing concern about reducing carbon emissions, looking at buildings from a lifecycleor carbon footprint standpoint is essential. Measuring the carbon footprint will allow the industryto identify the most emission-intensive materials and systems, resulting in finding solutions toreduce emissions. To deliver net zero carbon emissions, engineers must reduce the embodiedcarbon implied by designs and identify means for offsetting the balance of carbon impactsthrough operational carbon content. Applying
sunlight to achieve the desired visual effect.To achieve an optimal sunlight direction, we simulated three different scenarios, as shown inFigure 7a. Scenario 1 represents the sunlight directed vertically downward; Scenario 2 illustratesinward sunlight, perpendicular to the cliff plane (shown as the yellow dashed line in Figure 7a);while Scenario 3 refers to outward sunlight, also perpendicular to the cliff plane. Using a virtualcamera positioned perpendicular to the cliff plane, we rendered images for each scenario, shownin Figure 7b to d. The results indicate that Scenario 3 (Figure 7d) leads to a darkened cliff façadedue to insufficient sunlight. Scenario 2 (Figure 7c) improves brightness on the cliff plan butcreates shadows on the backside of
material choices and layout plans. This collaboration encouraged peer-to-peer learning and critical thinking. • Each student had the opportunity to operate the hydraulic press. They adjusted the v-die setup, experimented with different order of bending, and observed firsthand how variations in pressure affected the metal’s deformation. • As challenges arose—such as ensuring uniform bends and preventing metal warping— students experimented with adjustments to machine settings and die positions, fostering an iterative approach to problem solving.The taco holder project was more than a fabrication exercise; it was a lesson in the principles ofsheet metal bending: • Students learned how the v-die’s geometry
] and Microsoft HoloLens [32], whichenables holographic MR experiences by projecting virtual content directly into the user’s field ofview. This technology is valuable for teaching complex manufacturing tasks such as assemblyprocedures, design validation, and collaborative production planning. It allows educators toprovide their learners with advanced training environments that mirror the complexities ofmodern manufacturing, preparing them for future industry-specific roles.Therefore, the features of both VR and MR offer significant advantages over AR, particularly formanufacturing training. Both technologies provide a higher level of immersion compared to AR,which has been proven to enhance information retention and skill acquisition [33