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Displaying results 121 - 150 of 634 in total
Conference Session
Sustainable and Urban Development
Collection
2009 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Sharon deMonsabert, George Mason University; Laura Miller, George Mason University
Tagged Divisions
Civil Engineering
Department. Ms. Miller is a PE and a LEED AP. Page 14.660.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009 Greening the CapstoneAbstractThe Senior Design Project course at George Mason University provides a capstone designexperience that integrates the fundamental knowledge employed by a contemporary civilengineering design team in areas such as land use planning, transportation design, water andsewerage management, grading and storm water design, site analyses and layout, and economic,environmental and regulatory restrictions. In response to the growing need for civil engineerswith a solid foundation in
Conference Session
A Serving Profession: Service Learning in Civil Engineering Education
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Nathan Gartner, University of Massachusetts-Lowell; John TIng, University of Massachusetts-Lowell; Oguz Gunes, University of Massachusetts-Lowell; Xiaoqi Zhang, University of Massachusetts-Lowell
Tagged Divisions
Civil Engineering
AutoCAD; being able tocommunicate technical information to an audience in written form; and being able to function Page 11.1358.4effectively in groups. Figure 2. Example design for Davidson Street Parking Lot Re-design Project.Project 2: Intersection Analysis – Traffic Signal Control (Implemented in Fall 2005)The intersection of University Avenue and Riverside Street in Lowell is highly congested and theCity of Lowell plans to optimize the traffic signal settings to improve the operational efficiencyand effectiveness of this intersection control.A traffic study was performed by the Junior class taking core course
Conference Session
Viewpoints, Perspectives, and Creativity in Civil Engineering Education
Collection
2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Seamus F Freyne P.E., Mississippi State University; Veera Gnaneswar Gude P.E., Mississippi State University; Dennis D. Truax, Mississippi State University
Tagged Divisions
Civil Engineering
test, which students were asked take before thissurvey. Only 40% of the general population are considered guardians.Some 54% of students said they joined a professional society like ASCE, and 20% of thoseactive in ASCE were members of the concrete canoe or steel bridge teams.Surprisingly few students said high grades were more important than communication andinterpersonal skills and previous work experience when it comes to the job search and earlyjob success.Some 65% of respondents said a master’s degree would help advance their careers, while 58%plan to pursue a master’s degree at some point.The objective of this preliminary study was to improve students’ experiences and outcomes.The information collected here is likely applicable
Conference Session
Civil Engineering Division Technical Session 4
Collection
2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Allen L. Jones PE, South Dakota State University
Tagged Divisions
Civil Engineering
. Page 26.67.5 Level 1 Below Expectations Level 2 Meets Expectations Level 3 Exceeds Expectations Uses unsafe and/or risky procedures Observes occasional unsafe laboratory Observes established laboratory safety plan and procedures procedures Does not develop a systematic plan of data gathering; Development of experimental plan does not Formulates an experimental plan of data
Conference Session
Best in 5 Minutes: Demonstrating Interactive Teaching Activities
Collection
2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Ruth Abigail Mower, United States Military Academy; Erick Martinez P.E., United States Military Academy; Landon M. Raby, United States Military Academy; John Boyle, United States Military Academy, West Point; Andrew Ross Pfluger, United States Military Academy
Tagged Divisions
Civil Engineering, Environmental Engineering
, the 553rd ensured the provision of multi-functional technical engineering capabilities such as: limited engineering design; engineer reconnaissance; construc- tion planning and management; base camp development; and geospatial, construction contract, security engineering, and USACE engineer reach-back support. Previously, she served as the 169th Engineer Bat- talion Executive and Operations Officer over five companies and two detachments within TRADOC that trained 3,500 Soldiers and Non-Commissioned Officers as well as 1,200 Sister Service personnel in over 300 classes per year at five different geographic locations. Her research interests include the how environ- mental policy, both at the international and
Conference Session
Preparing Civil Engineering Students for a Flat World
Collection
2007 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Andrea Welker, Villanova University; Lance Kenney, Villanova University
Tagged Divisions
Civil Engineering
Villanova University promise "to add its influence to the search for world peace and justice by means of its academic programs and the pastoral ministry it provides for the members of the community." In fulfilling this promise, the OIS views its mission as one that enhances and strengthens the University's commitment to diversity, intellectual growth, and a global perspective. Thus, the OIS is committed to ensuring that an international educational perspective is an integral part of a Villanova University education.The OIS mission statement segues with the academic strategic plan of the university (synopsiscan be found at http://www.vpaa.villanova.edu/academicstrategicplan/goals.pdf). Specifically,the
Conference Session
Aspirational Visions of Civil Engineering in 2025 & Policy 465
Collection
2007 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Kenneth Fridley, University of Alabama; Richard Anderson, Somat Engineering, Inc.
Tagged Divisions
Civil Engineering
external criteria (relevance to the purpose) judge; justify. and the student may determine the criteria or be given them. Learning outcomes in this area are highest in the cognitive hierarchy because they contain elements of all the other categories, plus conscious value judgments based on clearly defined criteria. 5. Synthesis Synthesis refers to the ability to put parts together to form a adapt; anticipate; collaborate; new whole. This may involve the production of a unique combine; compile; compose; communication, a plan of operations (research proposal), or a create; design; develop; devise
Conference Session
Going Viral: Effective Instructional Techniques in an Online Environment
Collection
2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Blair J. McDonald, University of Texas, Pan American
Tagged Divisions
Civil Engineering
, developing one might be good…for the studentsand the program.SituationA Civil Engineering Program was recently introduced in a College with five other wellestablished and supportive engineering departments. The new program immediately experiencedunpredicted growth. After the first year the three new professors hired to operate the programfound themselves trying to advise 237 declared majors at the same time they were learning allthe ins and outs of a new campus and a new degree plan. The time for helping students “one onone” quickly disappeared. Not all of the 237 students were Rhodes Scholars, in fact, many haddeficiencies of some sort and some found ways to enroll in courses well above their academicability.A quick inventory of program resources
Conference Session
Attracting and Retaining Students in Civil Engineering
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Shashi S. Nambisan, Iowa State University; Rema Nilakanta, Iowa State University; Shauna Hallmark, Iowa State University
Tagged Divisions
Civil Engineering
transportation workforce to meet the needs andchallenges of the future 1,2,3. For this, it is imperative to attract students at the middle and highschool grade levels to STEM disciplines. This is a challenge based on a number of factorsincluding competing opportunities, perceptions about the industry, and career opportunities 4.Addressing this challenge also requires overcoming the communication gap betweentransportation practitioners and individuals in this age group (i.e., teenagers). This paper presentsefforts to develop Go!, a free online magazine, to address this need, and a preliminary evaluationof its effectiveness. Also included are plans to build on these efforts to enhance the reach andimpacts of the magazine.Background: Declining
Conference Session
Accreditation and Continuous Quality Improvement -- What the Experts Are Saying!
Collection
2010 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Gloria Rogers, ABET, Inc.
Tagged Divisions
Civil Engineering
AC 2010-1176: CONTINUOUS QUALITY IMPROVEMENT IN ENGINEERINGEDUCATION: FACT OR FICTION?Gloria Rogers, ABET, Inc. Gloria Rogers is currently the Managing Director, Professional Services at ABET, Inc., the international accrediting agency for academic programs in engineering, technology, applied science and computing. She provides workshops, webinars, seminars and institutes for the development of continuous quality improvement of educational programs and institutional effectiveness related to strategic planning. She serves as a reviewer for the Fulbright Senior Scholars program and was also the guest editor of a special edition of the 2008 International Journal of Engineering Education
Conference Session
Raise the Bar – Visions for the Future, Bodies of Knowledge, and Accreditation Vicissitudes.
Collection
2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Stuart G. Walesh P.E., S. G. Walesh Consulting
Tagged Divisions
Civil Engineering
. AbilitiesA given capability typically consists of many diverse and specific abilities. The abilitiesare presented in the EBOK as examples; and are just that -- examples. The specificabilities required in each engineering position and in each discipline will varysignificantly.The statement of each ability begins with an active verb to help clarify the intent. Someability statements include additional active verbs. Consider, for example, the EngineeringTools capability. An example of a supporting ability is “Identify the advantages anddisadvantages of a tool applied within an engineer’s area of specialization.” Or using theCommunication capability, an example supporting ability is “Plan, prepare, and deliveran oral presentation with appropriate visual
Conference Session
Civil Engineering Division Poster Session
Collection
2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Sami Maalouf, California State University, Northridge; Anwar Alroomi, California State University, Northridge
Tagged Divisions
Civil Engineering
faculty recognizes the benefit in combining service learning activities intobeginning engineering courses, as well as capstone courses. This is done by planning a feasibleproject with a community-based organization, having both beginning and senior level engineeringstudents engage in it over a period of one to two semesters.The paper discusses an effective approach on how to integrate learning in a reverse hierarchicalmanner. It also presents measures to evaluate both successes and failures of this approach. Theprojected longevity of the approach, tackling various projects, is integrated into the study. The twoCECM faculty members also discuss the viability of transferring this approach to other universitiesand engineering colleges.INTRODUCTIONA
Conference Session
Implementing the Civil Engineering Body of Knowledge into Courses and Curricula
Collection
2007 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Kevin Sutterer, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; James Hanson, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; John Aidoo, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology
Tagged Divisions
Civil Engineering
successful design do not necessarily translate into a successful report. Because thedesign is of limited value if it cannot be communicated, a significant portion of the learning inthe course involves creation of the client report. Students learn to manage creation of site plans,engineering drawings, report tables and figures, and how to organize the material into a suitableengineering report. The instructors foster this learning through weekly assignments of portions ofthe report so the draft report submittal in week 8 consists of assembling together report sectionsprepared during the prior seven weeks.The department believes a day trip to a major city is a good opportunity to expose our freshmanto the work conducted by most civil engineers. The
Conference Session
How to Effectively Teach Using Teams
Collection
2007 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Norman Dennis, University of Arkansas; Kevin Hall, University of Arkansas
Tagged Divisions
Civil Engineering
; 1. Set specific educational objectives and determine how the service learning activity fitswithin the curriculum. Devise assessment rubrics to determine if the goals are being met. 2. Assess the needs and resources of your community and school and form partnershipswithin the community 3 When selecting a project determine how all partners will work together to achieve thegoals. Insure the necessary funding and resources before planning the project. 4. Plan early and in detail. Establish a reasonable timetable, develop a budget and assigntasks. 5. Actively manage the project insuring that timelines are met and assess theeffectiveness of activities. 6. Incorporate reflection and celebration. Students
Conference Session
Effective Learning Innovations in Civil Engineering Courses
Collection
2007 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Jason Evers, United States Military Academy; C. Conley; James Ledlie Klosky
Tagged Divisions
Civil Engineering
goals: “At the conclusion of CE 390, you should be able todefend/justify your choice of CE as a major. You should also be able to diagram and explain theCE curriculum, and be able to describe how the components of the curriculum fit into the designand construction of the elements of civil engineered infrastructure. Finally, assuming you canjustify your choice of CE as a major, you should be able to formulate a tentative plan as to howyou will use the knowledge gained in CE390 to further yourself in the Army, and beyond.” Further motivation for creating CE390 was the recognition of the lack of breadth of theCE program at West Point and the desire to better align the program with what the majority ofthe cadets who chose to join the Corps of
Conference Session
Issues in the Professional Practice of Faculty Members in Civil Engineering
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Andrew Rose, University of Pittsburgh -Johnstown; Norman Voigt, Penn State, New Kensington
Tagged Divisions
Civil Engineering
often benefits student learning, there are concerns as Page 13.1257.5well. Finding appropriately qualified adjuncts may be difficult in certain geographiclocations. Adjuncts working full time in industry may have schedules which conflict withinstitutional and student schedules. This may include scheduling classes in eveningswhich are inconsistent with the program’s usual class times and planning around worktravel requirements that may arise during the course of the semester. Limited office hoursand minimal physical presence on campus may limit student interest and effort in thecourse. Adjuncts that are used to working with qualified peers in industry
Conference Session
The Evolving Classroom
Collection
2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Charles Riley P.E., Oregon Institute of Technology; Sharon L. Beaudry, Oregon Institute of Technology; Aja Bettencourt-McCarthy, Oregon Institute of Technology
Tagged Divisions
Civil Engineering
Team Building and Dinner 6 8 Team Building Demo Class 1 9 Demo Class 1 Assessment of Demo Class 1 10 Assessment of Demo Class 1 Learning Styles 11 Learning Objectives Learning Objectives 12 Lunch LunchDay 2 1 Planning a Class Planning a Class 2 Writing Writing 3 Team Time: Board Writing and Class Team Time: Board Writing and Class 4 Preparation Preparation 5 6 Team Dinner 8
Conference Session
Innovative Instructional Strategies for Integrating Sustainability
Collection
2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Claire L. A. Dancz, Clemson University; Jeffery M Plumblee II, Clemson University; Dylan Bargar, Clemson University; Penelope Walters Brunner, Clemson University; Karen A High, Clemson University; Leidy Klotz, Clemson University; Amy E. Landis, Clemson University
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Civil Engineering
, and starting a design challenge for high school students to address the needs of the less fortunate.Dylan Bargar, Clemson UniversityDr. Penelope Walters Brunner, Clemson University DR. PENELOPE BRUNNER is the Director of Assessment and Planning for Clemson’s College of En- gineering. In this role, she works with academic departments and administrative offices on assessment reporting and strategic planning alignments. Prior to joining Clemson, Dr. Brunner was an Associate Vice President at the College of Charleston. As an associate professor within the University of North Carolina system, she taught courses in Management and Management Information Systems. Her national and international consultancies involve working
Conference Session
Proven Strategies in Classroom Engagement Part II: Activities for Creative Pedagogy
Collection
2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Celio Biering P.E., Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, United States Military Academy; Joseph P Hanus, U.S. Military Academy; Rahul Verma P.E., United States Military Academy
Tagged Divisions
Civil Engineering
inUSMA’s Civil Engineering Department. It is a mandatory course for Civil Engineering majorsand civil engineering trackers, and taken as an elective by students majoring in Management.Civil engineering trackers are non-engineering majors fulfilling the Academy requirements totake a three course sequence in engineering, and civil engineering with CE450 as the culminatingcourse is an option. As an introductory construction management course, the scope is as variedas the background of the students who take it, as articulated in the course description: This course provides an in-depth study of special topics in construction planning and management. The course covers life-cycle facility management to include planning, programming, design, bid
Conference Session
Capstone and Collaborations in Civil Engineering
Collection
2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Kevin G. Sutterer, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; John Aidoo, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Jeremy R. Chapman, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; James H. Hanson P.E., Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Kyle Kershaw P.E., Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Matthew D. Lovell P.E., Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Michelle Marincel Payne, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Jennifer Mueller PE P.E., Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Michael Anthony Robinson P.E., Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Civil Engineering
featuredyear-long capstone projects for outside clients since 1988. The program had remained essentiallythe same over that time until 2011. A course instructor was responsible for all of the groups’work and each team was assigned a faculty member as coach. The projects have always been realprojects for clients with real needs.Early in capstone projects, the groups’ work often required the expertise of a faculty member tomentor field and lab work even though that faculty member was not the team coach or courseinstructor. The field and lab work can be of lesser quality because the teams failed to adequatelyuse the faculty expert to plan their work. Later, during project design, the sub-discipline designrequired on each project was not always mentored by
Conference Session
Horizontal and Vertical Integration
Collection
2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Caroline R. Bennett P.E., University of Kansas; William N. Collins, University of Kansas; Molly A. McVey, University of Kansas
Tagged Divisions
Civil Engineering
. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2017A Tiered Mentoring Model for Deepening Student Learning AcrossUndergraduate and Graduate Design CoursesAbstractThe authors are experimenting with implementation of a tiered mentoring model acrossundergraduate and graduate-level concurrently-taught design courses.The undergraduate course is a senior-level design course in which students learn the fundamentalsof designing steel structures. It is structured around an authentic semester-long team-based designproject in which student design teams develop the structural plans for a real building based on anarchitectural concept. A series of intermediate project deliverables are sequenced throughout thesemester to ensure that the undergraduate
Conference Session
Accreditation and Assessment Concerns in Civil Engineering Education
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Joseph Hanus, United States Military Academy; Scott Hamilton, United States Military Academy; Jeffrey Russell
Tagged Divisions
Civil Engineering
Extrapolation3.0 Application 4.1 Analysis of Elements4.0 Analysis 4.2 Analysis of Relationships 4.3 Analysis of Organizational Principles 5.1 Production of a Unique Communication5.0 Synthesis 5.2 Production of a Plan, or Proposed Set of Operations 5.3 Derivation of a Set of Abstract Relations 6.1 Judgment in Terms of Internal Evidence6.0 Evaluation 6.2 Judgment in Terms of External Criteria Table 2. Affective Domain Categories and Sub-Categories 23. 1.1 Awareness 1.2 Willingness to Receive1.0 Receiving
Conference Session
Expanding Access and Opportunities for M/30
Collection
2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Terrence L. Chambers P.E., University of Louisiana, Lafayette
Tagged Divisions
Civil Engineering
the debates on this issue it seems that the parties are talkingpast each other using specialized definitions and not really engaging each other in meaningfuldebate. As a result, the Raise the Bar Initiative is stalled and the planned implementation datehas been slipped from 2015 to 2020. This paper sets forth a comprehensive five-step plan toreconcile the competing interests in the Raise the Bar debate, proposing a politically feasible wayto close the industry exemption, retain the BS degree as the first professional degree, andsimultaneously restore 30 hours of engineering content subsequent to the BS degree and prior toregistration as a PE. The key to the proposal is to focus first on Raising the Bar for EngineeringInterns, after which
Conference Session
Innovations in Civil Engineering Education III
Collection
2010 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Sarah McCubbin-Cain, University of Kentucky; Bruce Tschantz, University of Tennessee - Knoxville
Tagged Divisions
Civil Engineering
 Challenge the engineering education community to foster greater collaboration between universities and practicing engineers who specialize in dam engineering.A Shortage of Engineers: Perceptions and SolutionsOver the past two decades, an apparent decline in the percentage of college students studyingengineering led to speculation about its potential effects on the nation’s future. According to a Page 15.1353.32003 American College Testing (ACT) report2, fewer than six percent of seniors who took theACT examination in 2002 planned to study engineering; a decade earlier, the figure was nearlynine percent. A 2003 National Science Board report4
Conference Session
Program Support Initiatives
Collection
2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Ronald W. Welch, The Citadel; Robert J. Rabb P.E., The Citadel; Alyson Grace Eggleston, The Citadel
Tagged Divisions
Civil Engineering
for all faculty Best Practices in Teaching Online-QOT Required training for all faculty #2 teaching online Curriculum Mapping, Alignment, and Required training for all faculty Parity-QOT #3 teaching online Best Practices in Assessments (Grading)- Required training for all faculty QOT #4 Zoom Hosted Training Optional training for all faculty Respondus Monitor LockDown Browser Required if you plan to use online Training proctored exams or quizzes Evaluating Online Teaching Department HeadsIn July 2020, as
Conference Session
Use of Technology to Provide Civil Engineering Education
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Kevin Sutterer, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; shannon sexton, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology
Tagged Divisions
Civil Engineering
materials, planned learning activities or lessons, and independent assigned tasks or homework; • provides their time to individual students or small groups outside of planned learning activities on an as-needed basis; and • evaluates the student’s learning.One of the important roles of technology in learning is to assist the mentor in their effort tofacilitate learning. For example, while simple technology such as chalkboards promise highreliability in a classroom setting, few would argue the value of photographs and videos asappropriate classroom learning tools. Even so, photograph or video presentation constitutes ahigher risk of a technology failure. Similarly, students in need of immediate mentoring who arewithin steps of the
Conference Session
Aspirational Visions of Civil Engineering in 2025 & Policy 465
Collection
2007 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Jeffrey Russell, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Gerry Galloway, Univ of Maryland; Thomas Lenox, American Society of Civil Engineers; James O'Brien, American Society of Civil Engineers
Tagged Divisions
Civil Engineering
theactions that would be necessary to achieve this vision for civil engineering. The purposeof this paper is to discuss ASCE’s current plan for implementing these actions includingits development of a revised Civil Engineering Body of Knowledge (BOK), modifiedaccreditation criteria, improved civil engineering curricula, and licensure issues.Historical PerspectiveEngineers have been advocating the reform of engineering education for over a century.Seely (NAE 2005) presented a comprehensive review of how engineering education hasevolved throughout the 19th and 20th centuries. It is important “…to remember that untilthe end of the nineteenth century, the primary means by which a young person became anengineer was through a hands-on apprenticeship in a
Conference Session
Implementing the CE BOK into Courses and Curricula
Collection
2010 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Angela Bielefeldt, University of Colorado, Boulder
Tagged Divisions
Civil Engineering
information from this assignment revealed student attitudes aboutcivil engineering. The course included additional assignments on sustainability (2009 only),ethics, a team West Point Bridge Designer project, a curriculum plan to graduation at CU with aB.S. in CVEN, a paper on a significant event or structure related to civil engineering (such as theThree Gorges Dam, the flooding in New Orleans from hurricane Katrina, etc.), and a shortsummary of a professional society meeting that they attended (such as ASCE or AGC). In thefinal assignment of the semester the students wrote a reflective essay that instructed them to statewhether or not they planned to remain a civil engineering major and why/why not. The studentswere also instructed to comment on
Conference Session
Civil Engineering Division Poster Session
Collection
2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Charles Riley P.E., Oregon Institute of Technology; Mark Henry Clark, Oregon Institute of Technology
Tagged Divisions
Civil Engineering
on thedesign of bridges in Oregon.The class was co-taught by two faculty members, one from history and one from civilengineering. The design and execution of the course was a combined effort, with a unified set ofreadings and integrated instruction that exposed students to multiple viewpoints on the subject.The central goal was to provide civil engineering students with a broad perspective on the factorsthat influence engineering design, going beyond the purely technical to explore issues associatedwith aesthetics, place, politics, and economics.This paper describes the class structure and content, as well as issues raised by the uniquestructure of the field portion of the class and problems encountered during planning andexecution. A
Conference Session
Educational Issues in Civil Engineering
Collection
2009 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Anant Kukreti, University of Cincinnati
Tagged Divisions
Civil Engineering
. Page 14.1027.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009 “Research Experiences for Undergraduate Sites for Tomorrows Engineers” AbstractThis paper documents the programs implemented in the Research Experiences forUndergraduates (REU) Sites offered from 1992 to 2008 at two different institutions, Universityof Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio. The programshave been funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF). The primary goal of the NSFREU program is to introduce undergraduate students to, and encourage them to pursue, careers inresearch. The paper presents how the whole research program was planned and