Conference Session

Sustainable and Urban Development

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Clara Fang, University of Hartford

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

AC 2009-1643: COMMUNITY-BASED SERVICE PROJECT LEARNING IN CIVILENGINEERING COURSESClara Fang, University of Hartford Page 14.342.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009 Community-based Service Project Learning into Civil Engineering CoursesAbstractThis paper describes and analyzes the experience of implementing community-based serviceproject learning into civil engineering undergraduate courses at the University of Hartford, andconsiders the evidence of the impact of such learning on students and community organizations.The paper begins by discussing how such a learning module has been developed and analyzesthe

Conference Session

International Aspects of Civil Engineering

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Lambert, Arup; Allen Estes, California Polytechnic State University; Craig Baltimore, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

AC 2009-303: PROJECT MANAGERS, ARCHITECTS, AND ENGINEERS--OHMY! AN INTERDISCIPLINARY COLLABORATIONDavid Lambert, Arup David Lambert obtained both his masters and undergraduate degrees in Architectural Engineering from California Polytechnic State University. He is currently a structural engineer for Arup in Los AngelesAllen Estes, California Polytechnic State University Allen C. Estes is a Professor and Head for the Architectural Engineering Department at California Polytechnic State University in San Luis Obispo. Until January 2007, Dr. Estes was the Director of the Civil Engineering Program at the United States Military Academy (USMA). He is a registered Professional Engineer in

Conference Session

Innovation in the Civil Engineering Classroom

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Matthew Roberts, University of Wisconsin, Platteville

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009 Teaching Historical Perspective using a Term Project on an Influential Structural EngineerAbstractDetails are given on a class project that requires students to prepare a written report andoral presentation on an influential structural engineer. The project includes an extensivepeer assessment process completed by the students. The project helps to fulfill the “Con-temporary Issues and Historical Perspectives” outcome of the newest version of the Bodyof Knowledge. The project also seeks to improve student communication skills, thushelping to fulfill the “Communication” outcome. Assessment was conducted to deter-mine the impact of the project in fulfilling these outcomes

Conference Session

Educational Issues in Civil Engineering

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Wei Zheng, Jackson State University; HuiRu Shih, Jackson State University; Yi-Lung Mo, University of Houston

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

AC 2009-1195: THE INTEGRATION OF COGNITIVE INSTRUCTIONS ANDPROBLEM/PROJECT-BASED LEARNING INTO THE CIVIL ENGINEERINGCURRICULUM TO CULTIVATE CREATIVITY AND SELF-DIRECTEDLEARNING SKILLSWei Zheng, Jackson State University Dr. Wei Zheng is an Assistant Professor of Civil Engineering at Jackson State University. He received his Ph.D. degree in Civil Engineering from University of Wisconsin-Madison in 2001 and has over10-year industrial experience. Since becoming a faculty member at JSU in 2005, he has made continuous efforts to integrate emerging technologies and cognitive skill development into civil engineering curriculum. He currently is the Principle Investigator for Nanotechnology Undergraduate

Conference Session

Innovation in the Civil Engineering Classroom

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Diane Bondehagen, Florida Gulf Coast University; Simeon Komisar, Florida Gulf Coast University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

Resources DesignAbstractA first semester, senior level civil and environmental engineering course, Water ResourcesDesign is, for most, the first experience for students at Florida Gulf Coast University in workingwith non-trivial design projects. To make the course experience as transferable as possible tofuture graduate engineering employment, students learn and apply hydraulic software to projectdevelopment and execution. The course takes an innovative case study approach with 5 designprojects required with rotating teams assigned to each project. The projects are taken from "realworld" engineering problem assignments which impart to students an appreciation of theconstraints and uncertainties inherent in the design process. Project 1 necessitates

Conference Session

Professional Issues in Civil Engineering Education

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Steven Hart, United States Military Academy; Joseph Hanus, United States Military Academy; Adam Chalmers, United States Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

course to generate sufficient intellectual excitementto overcome senioritis and be the bridge between baccalaureate education and the ‘real world’.In the authors’ opinion the capstone course is not the culmination of the undergraduateexperience; it is the first pre-licensure experience. Through this process the authors hope that thestudents will reach the sublime state of Civil Engineering Enlightenment-- that ‘Ah-hah’ momentwhen an individual stops thinking and acting like a student and starts thinking and acting like apracticing engineer.Background The ‘perfect capstone project’ is the Holy Grail for many engineering programs.Educators continually seek it and seldom find it, but, when we do, it provides a phenomenalexperience for both

Conference Session

Innovation in the Civil Engineering Classroom

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bradly McNair, Indiana University-Purdue University, Fort Wayne; Suleiman Ashur, Indiana University-Purdue University, Fort Wayne

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

AC 2009-2401: GEOMETRIC DESIGN OF HIGHWAY VERTICAL ANDHORIZONTAL CURVES USING EXCELBradly McNair, Indiana University-Purdue University, Fort WayneSuleiman Ashur, Indiana University-Purdue University, Fort Wayne Page 14.647.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009 Geometric Design of Highway Vertical and Horizontal Curves Using ExcelAbstractThis paper presents the work that was developed as a project in the first offering of thetransportation engineering class at the new civil engineering program at Indiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne. The project statement required the use of Excel in developing aprogram for

Conference Session

Professional Issues in Civil Engineering Education

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Karen Chou, Minnesota State University, Mankato; Deborah Nykanen, Minnesota State University, Mankato

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

had worked briefly(about 1-½ years) as a structural engineer in a fairly large engineering firm specialized inhydropower projects, the author still felt inadequate when attempting to relate the engineeringconcepts to engineering practice. Her work was focused on finite element analysis of varioussections of a dam. As a junior faculty in a research oriented university, the first author felt thepressure of “publish or perish”. Early in her career, she was contacted by ASCE regardingopportunities available for faculty members like herself to engage in practical engineeringexperience in the summer. The caller also indicated the lack of interest among faculty membersin this opportunity. The first author offered her dilemma of “publish or perish

Conference Session

Sustainable and Urban Development

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Farshad Rajabipour, University of Hawaii, Manoa; Aleksandra Radlinska, Villanova University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

ofcollaboration between two faculty members at University of Hawaii and Villanova University,the course provides students with an opportunity to apply sustainability principles in analyzingand evaluating the life-cycle performance of green buildings. This course was designed toemphasize active learning through hands-on, problem-based and project-based methods.Students worked in diverse teams and examined campus buildings according to LEED standards,to offer strategies for improving building’s energy efficiency and environmental footprint.Through interactive classroom discussions and hands-on computer simulations, students gaineda broad knowledge of sustainability, recycled and green materials, energy and water efficiency,and life-cycle assessment, and

Conference Session

Sustainable and Urban Development

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sharon deMonsabert, George Mason University; Laura Miller, George Mason University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

Department. Ms. Miller is a PE and a LEED AP. Page 14.660.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009 Greening the CapstoneAbstractThe Senior Design Project course at George Mason University provides a capstone designexperience that integrates the fundamental knowledge employed by a contemporary civilengineering design team in areas such as land use planning, transportation design, water andsewerage management, grading and storm water design, site analyses and layout, and economic,environmental and regulatory restrictions. In response to the growing need for civil engineerswith a solid foundation in

Conference Session

Educational Issues in Civil Engineering

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Anant Kukreti, University of Cincinnati

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

conducted, theresearch training provided to the students, an overview of the projects completed by the students,the procedures used to evaluate the impact of the programs, the process used to track thestudents, and the outcomes of the programs. This paper will help others plan similar researchexperiences for engineering undergraduate students.IntroductionThe engineering schools in the U.S. now face internal and external challenges, impacting themarketability of our students. From 1985 to 2005, high school graduates went up 20.7%1 whileengineering bachelor degrees went down 5.7%2. The number of students indicating interest inengineering has dropped from 11% in 1985 to 7.2% in 20052. As we face this internal challenge,expanding global economy has

Conference Session

ASCE Policy 465: Raising the Bar

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jon Nelson, American Society of Civil Engineers; David Hornbeck, Southern Polytechnic State University; James Lambrechts, Wentworth Institute of Technology; Joe Manous, United States Army Corps of Engineers; Robert Stevens, Arcadis U.S., Inc; Leo Titus, ECS, Ltd; Jeffrey Russell

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

AC 2009-884: PARAPROFESSIONALS IN CIVIL ENGINEERINGJon Nelson, American Society of Civil Engineers JON D. NELSON, P.E., M.ASCE is Vice President and Unit Operation Leader for the Central Region of the Civil Infrastructure Group of Tetra Tech Inc. He maintains offices in Tulsa, Oklahoma and Kansas City, Missouri. Mr. Nelson has 34 years of experience mostly associated with water and wastewater projects serving local and state government. He holds a B.S. degree in civil engineering from Kansas State University and a M.S. degree in environmental engineering from Oklahoma State University. He is licensed to practice in four states. Nelson served two six-year terms on the Oklahoma State

Conference Session

Integrating Computer-based Technology in the Civil Engineering Classroom

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Chad Caldwell, United States Military Academy; Joseph Hanus, United States Military Academy; Adam Chalmers, United States Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

program initiated the use of a new softwareprogram in several courses. The software is PowerCivil, provided by Bentley Systems Inc.. Thestand-alone program is a comprehensive design solution for site modeling, land development,and planning. It is a multidiscipline tool that provides integrated capabilities for survey,graphical coordinate geometry, digital terrain modeling, site grading and design, street design,water and sewer design, and storm water drainage design. The toolset supports plans preparation, Page 14.775.4plan sheet generation, and volume/material quantity calculation for a wide range of projects,such as commercial and residential

Conference Session

Integrating Computer-based Technology in the Civil Engineering Classroom

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Vinod Lohani, Virginia Tech; Parhum Delgoshaei, Virginia Tech; Chelsea Green, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

AC 2009-1764: INTEGRATING LABVIEW AND REAL-TIME MONITORINGINTO ENGINEERING INSTRUCTIONVinod Lohani, Virginia Tech Vinod K Lohani is an associate professor in the Engineering Education Department and an adjunct faculty in the Civil and Environmental Engineering at Virginia Tech. He received a PhD in civil engineering from Virginia Tech in 1995. His research interests are in the areas of knowledge modeling, water and energy sustainability, engineering learning modules for freshmen, and international collaboration. He leads a major curriculum reform project (2004-09), funded under the department-level reform program of the NSF, at Virginia Tech. A spiral curriculum approach is adopted to

Conference Session

Sustainable and Urban Development

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sanjaya Senadheera, Texas Tech

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

AC 2009-2054: A COURSE ON SUSTAINABLE MATERIALS USE IN CIVILENGINEERING: SYLLABUS, DELIVERY, AND STUDENT FEEDBACKSanjaya Senadheera, Texas Tech Page 14.21.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009 A Course on Sustainable Materials Use in Civil Engineering: Syllabus, Delivery and Student FeedbackAbstractCivil engineering construction projects use by far the largest quantity of natural resources, bothrenewable and non-renewable, consumed in the world. Civil engineers wield enormous influenceover the utilization and conservation of these valuable resources. Therefore, civil engineeringeducators have a responsibility to prepare tomorrow’s

Conference Session

Educational Issues in Civil Engineering

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Heiko Merle, Darmstadt University of Technology; Joerg Lange, Darmstadt University of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

atimestamp and sends it to a defined Webserver.Definition of the educational objectiveAmong the development of the content structure the didactical design of the project as well asthe performance of the educational scenario is relevant. Therefore the educational objectiveshave to be defined and designed. Page 14.1387.7The major educational objective is the improvement of cognizance in the subjects of ESOT andTOS as well as the comprehension of coherence between both subjects. Therefore thehierarchical order is strictly defined. The improvement of cognizance in each single subject is thefoundation to build upon the superior cognitive comprehension of

Conference Session

Professional Issues in Civil Engineering Education

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ronald Welch, University of Texas, Tyler

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

constraints. During the early accreditation visits under EC2000, programswere expected to consider most if not all of the engineering constraints. Studentswrestling with the constraints for the first time barely scratch the surface ofunderstanding these constraints within their designs. Recently ABET1 changed thewording of the outcome to “engineering constraints such as regulatory, economic,environmental, social, political, ethical, health and safety, constructability, andsustainability.” Either it was recognized that not every design project would considermost of the engineering constraints or it might be impossible to get students to fullyconsider most of the engineering constraints. The new wording does require programs toconsider more than one

Conference Session

Laboratory Development and Technology in the Civil Engineering Classroom

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Laura Hernandez, Michigan Technological University; Stanley Vitton, Michigan Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

(L3) 6. Risk and Uncertainty (L3) 7. Project Management (L3) 8. Communication (L4) 9. Leadership (L3) 10. Teamwork (L3) 11. Attitudes (L2) 12. Professional & Ethical Responsibility (L2)This structure utilizes the cognitive domain of Bloom’s Taxonomy to enable students whocomprehend the fundamental concepts of soil mechanics. Each laboratory workshop will guidestudents through the cycle of learning by starting at stage 1, knowledge, where students begin toexplore the concepts of the topic and building up to stage 6, evaluation, where students are ableto grasp the larger picture by being able to communicate what

Conference Session

Innovation in the Civil Engineering Classroom

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Reynaldo Pablo, Indiana University-Purdue University, Fort Wayne

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

curtain wall systems ≠ the aesthetic potential of glass, metals, and other materials ≠ technical performance requirements for curtain walls ≠ energy efficiency ≠ analysis and design of glass and mullions ≠ design requirements and specifications ≠ analysis and design of curtain wall systems ≠ prefabrication methodology ≠ sustainable strategies ≠ testing curtain wall systems ≠ fabrication and installation of the curtain wallThe course is primarily a lecture course. In addition to traditional homework assignments andexams, a term project will be required from the students. The term project will prepare them forthe types of problems they will encounter in the real world. This will offer them hands-onexperience on the

Conference Session

Sustainable and Urban Development

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Norb Delatte, Cleveland State University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

AC 2009-613: FAILURE CASE STUDIES IN THE CIVIL ENGINEERING ANDENGINEERING MECHANICS CURRICULUM: A NEW TEXTBOOKNorb Delatte, Cleveland State University Page 14.628.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009 Failure Case Studies in the Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics Curriculum: A New TextbookAbstract Over the past three years research has evaluated the impact of including failure casestudies in specific civil engineering and engineering mechanics courses. Failure case studiesdeveloped under two NSF-funded projects have resulted in a book published by the AmericanSociety for Civil Engineers (ASCE) Press, Beyond Failure

Conference Session

Innovation in the Civil Engineering Classroom

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yusuf Mehta, Rowan University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

theHighway Capacity Manual and the software is explained. The instructor teaches this courseevery alternate spring semester to the seniors and graduate students as part of the advancedtransportation elective. The instructor reinforces the concepts by requiring students to solve theproblems in the Highway Capacity Manual and solving the same problems with highwaycapacity software. Then, as part of the homework, the students, in group of three, solve theproblems manually and then follow-up with solving the problem with Highway Capacitysoftware. After each topic is completed, a design project obtained from a local reputedconsulting firm is assigned to each group. The students then make a short presentation of theirdesign to the class (15-20 min) with

Conference Session

Integrating Computer-based Technology in the Civil Engineering Classroom

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Chajes, University of Delaware; Glen Loller, University of Delaware; Frank Conforti, Bentley Systems; Scott Lofgren, Bentley Systems; Laura Meier, Bentley Systems

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

editing books including “MicroStation for AutoCAD Users”, “Managing and Networking MicroStation” among several others. In 1995, Frank was hired by Bentley Systems to spearhead the development of Bentley’s own commercial training operation (MicroStation Institute now known as the Bentley Institute). Recently, Frank was senior project manager for the development and deployment of the Bentley LEARN Server, a robust learning management system designed for use by all of Bentley’s commercial and academic users. Frank is currently the Learning Technologies Manager for the Be Careers Network, the organization within Bentley that works with academic institutions to educate faculty and students alike

Conference Session

ASCE Policy 465: Raising the Bar

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Craig Musselman, CMA Engineers

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

future, and a rigorous project management course from an engineering society.NCEES is considering forming a “clearinghouse” which would provide services to individuals,PE Boards and institutions to facilitate additional engineering education in this fashion. Forindividuals, these services might include validating acceptable coursework from approvedproviders and providing a certificate to PE Boards attesting that the individual has met the ModelLaw educational requirements. Clearinghouse services for institutions and other entities wouldinclude the evaluation of course offerings and programs to approve providers in accordance withthe Model Rules. Representatives of both NCEES and ABET are participating in discussionsregarding the role and

Conference Session

International Aspects of Civil Engineering

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Richard Balling, Brigham Young University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

that students are turned loose on an in-depthcase study of a real, and big, structure. Most become quite attached to their mega-structures, andmany go the extra mile in gathering information and learning about their mega-structures. It isrewarding to see their reactions when they see their mega-structures face to face. Their writtenreports and oral presentations have been very impressive. Here are some of their comments atthe end of the program: “I became an expert on my assigned building and bridge.” “Studying these very large projects and very tall structures is something that isn't really offered in other courses.” “I feel like I now have a pretty good understanding of how large structures are designed and

Conference Session

Implementation of the Civil Engineering Body of Knowledge and Recent ABET Experiences

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kevin Sutterer, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

systematic process to develop appropriate bodies of knowledge for their civilengineering subdisciplines as a service to their students.IntroductionMuch has been written lately about the future of engineering and engineering education.The National Academy of Engineering (NAE) has a project under way to redefineengineering and engineering education, with several publications from that effort alreadyin print1,2. The University of Michigan’s Millennium Project is studying new paradigmsfor learning institutions, and has issued an insightful report on engineering education3.The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) has been especially proactive about thefuture of civil engineering education. It has now been ten years since ASCE adoptedPolicy

Conference Session

Laboratory Development and Technology in the Civil Engineering Classroom

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nurdan Beyenal, Washington State University; Cara Poor, Washington State University; Paul Golter, Washington State University; Gary Brown, Washington State University; David Thiessen, Washington State University; Bernard Van Wie, Washington State University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

to the traditional lecturemethod.IntroductionAccording to the learning cone [1] shown in Fig. 1, students retain knowledge better byseeing than by only reading or hearing. Having that as a motivation, Van Wie andcoworkers [2] have developed portable desktop learning modules (DLMs) for chemicalengineering and have implemented nontraditional learning pedagogies: namely,cooperative, hands-on, active and problem-based learning. Cooperative learning has beenimplemented by forming small groups of students to work on worksheets, quizzes,homework and projects. Hands-on learning involves groups of students observingtheoretical principles in action with the DLM hardware. Active learning is promoted bygroup exercises in the form of worksheets which

Conference Session

Integrating Computer-based Technology in the Civil Engineering Classroom

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ayhan Irfanoglu, Purdue University; Yating Chang, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

initiate discussion bysuggesting a relevant topic or project.Besides the regular class-material based homework assignments, on average given every otherweek, completion of a term project on Istanbul, “Istanbul: the past, the present, and the future”,was a requirement to receive a passing grade in the course. The term project, with its separateparts on cultural history, seismic history, seismic hazard setting to be completed before theoverseas trip, and the state of the built environment of the city, estimation of the state of the builtenvironment immediately after a major earthquake in the near future, and mitigation andemergency-response recommendations, allowed the students with different levels of education topresent their understanding at

Conference Session

ASCE Policy 465: Raising the Bar

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jeffrey Russell, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Gerry Galloway, University of Maryland; Thomas Lenox, American Society of Civil Engineers; James O'Brien, American Society of Civil Engineers

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

Academy of Engineering. 2005. Educating the Engineer of 2020: Adapting Engineering Education to the New Century. National Academies of Sciences, Washington, DC. (http://www.nae.edu) 4. Augustine, N. R. “Re-engineering Engineering: 21st-Century Needs Can’t Be Met With Just a Four-Year Degree.” ASEE Prism. Feb. 2009. 5. Duderstadt, J.J. Engineering for a Changing World: A Roadmap to the Future of Engineering Practice, Research, and Education. The Millennium Project, The University of Michigan. 2008. (http://milproj.dc.umich.edu/) 6. National Science Foundation. 2007. The “5XME” Workshop: Transforming Mechanical Engineering Education and

Conference Session

Implementation of the Civil Engineering Body of Knowledge and Recent ABET Experiences

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jean-Pierre Bardet, University of Southern California; Gisele Ragusa, University of Southern California

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

Krathwohl’s taxonomy, rubrics have be-come a useful practice. A rubric is defined as a scoring tool that lists the criteria for judging or Page 14.213.6grading a piece of work. Generally, a rubric lists the information and elements the student must 5have included in a work product to receive a certain score, grade or rating. It is a set of criteriaand standards linked to learning objectives that is used to assess a student's performance on pa-pers, projects, essays, and other assignments. Rubrics allow for standardized evaluation accord-ing to specified

Conference Session

ASCE Policy 465: Raising the Bar

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kenneth Fridley, University of Alabama; Debra Larson, Northern Arizona University; Kevin Hall, University of Arkansas; Kevin Sutterer, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; James Alleman, Purdue University; Kenneth McManis, University of Louisiana; Jean-Pierre Bardet, University of Southern California; Brett Gunnink, Montana State University; George List, North Carolina State University; Roger Smith, Texas A&M University; Thomas Lenox, American Society of Civil Engineers

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

– Synthesis), Outcome 8 (Problem Recognition and Problem Solving;Level 4 – Analysis), and Outcome 15 (Technical Specialization; Level 5 – Synthesis).The ten participating programs were asked to identify the various types of master-level programs Page 14.3.8they offer. Five different graduate level pathways were identified: a master of science (MS)with thesis, an MS without thesis but with a scholarly project, a master of engineering (MEng)with a scholarly project, an MEng with only coursework, and other options not listed. For eachmasters-level program offered, the ten programs were asked to assess the achievement level oftheir masters graduates