Conference Session

Factors Affecting Student Performance

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Scott Hamilton, U.S. Military Academy; Leslie Brunell, Stevens Institute of Technology; Gunnar Tamm, U.S. Military Academy; Ozer Arnas, U.S. Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

engineering courses. Taking into account the comments provided byreviews and past students’ comments a new policy that addressed these concerns was developed(See Appendix A).In addition the methodology for the review process was explained more diligently, since thestudents had not yet experienced peer review in other engineering courses. The policy wasintroduced early in the semester, combining it with a discussion on professional responsibilityand ethics. This took about two-thirds of a lesson and included examples and details of what was Page 11.988.8to be done and why. The material value of peer review was discussed with an example of howthe

Conference Session

Learning Outside the Classroom

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lisa Massi, University of Central Florida; Michael Georgiopoulos, University of Central Florida; Cynthia Y. Young, University of Central Florida; Cherie Geiger, University of Central Florida; Patrice Lancey, University of Central Florida; Divya Bhati, University of Central Florida

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

15% of students reported participation in aURE; non-URE students were used as a comparison group. The comparison group of non-UREstudents in our survey was not based on a true, experimental research design of randomassignment to groups for obvious ethical and legal reasons. But it does provide a usefulcomparison (albeit with limitations). First, we looked for patterns in the data that would providesome insight into three hypothesized claims (see below) for our YES program. We thencompared our findings with five studies, two of which are described here: a study of 76 risingseniors in eight science disciplines at four liberal arts schools by Seymour et al.1 and a study of1,135 students (primarily in engineering and the sciences) surveyed at 41

Conference Session

Educational Research

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ruth Streveler, Purdue Universtiy; Alejandra J. Magana, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Karl Smith, University of Minnesota; Tameka Clarke Douglas, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

science.Alejandra J. Magana, Purdue University, West Lafayette Alejandra J. Magana is a postdoctoral research fellow at the Network for Computational Nanotechnology and the School of Engineering Education, at Purdue University West Lafayette. Alejandra's research interests center on how scientists and engineers reason with computing and computational thinking to understand complex phenomena. She is also interested in investigating how scientists and engineers perceive and experience the societal and ethical implications of nanotechnology. Based on her findings her goal is to identify and develop the necessary instructional changes to provide educational frameworks for educators of formal and informal

Conference Session

Special Session: Impacts of Service in Engineering

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Linda Barrington, University of Massachusetts, Lowell; John Duffy, University of Massachusetts Lowell

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

serving communities in need.The history of service-learning shows it embraced by early adopters as more than just apedagogy, but as a philosophy as well. In service-learning there is an underlying belief that thecommunity deserves to be served and that it is the role of colleges and universities to assist inserving them. This ethic is especially strong in attention to underserved communities. Thereforeservice-learning philosophy is the best fit with institutions, departments, and/or individuals whobelieve in this attitude of mission.2.3 Definition of service-learningThere have been many definitions for service-learning in the literature over the years [e.g.,(Jacoby, 1996), (Bringle, Hatcher, & Games, 1997), (Stanton, Giles, & Cruz, 1999

Conference Session

Student Engagement, Socioemotional Needs, and Social Support During Pandemic

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Qin Liu, University of Toronto; Juliette Sweeney, University of Toronto; Greg Evans, University of Toronto

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

instructors and students from the engineeringFaculty of the university. The survey was part of a larger research project that received the approvalof the research ethics board of the university. We included four groups of variables for analysis in light of the conceptual framework for thisstudy and used the general Input-Environment-Outcome framework to assess learning experience andoutcomes in postsecondary education [32, 33]. The focus of interest for the study was self-directedlearning. We included five measures—motivation for learning, time management, self-regulation,persistence, and help-seeking—to serve as the self-directed learning (SDL) indicators as theyrepresent the key characteristics of self-directed learners [10]. Questions from a

Conference Session

The Critical First Year in Engineering Education

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jamie Medoff, University of Maryland-Baltimore County; Anne Spence, University of Maryland-Baltimore County

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

question 9) please fill out the chart below on ascale between 1-5, rating each of these skills in how TEPP helped you develop andimplement these skills today:1=not true at all 5=very true 1 2 3 4 5 Communication Skills Classroom Management Teaching Skills Writing Lesson Planning Ethics Patients K-12 University and local districts Simple Concepts (Math, Science concepts) Page 12.825.6If you are in Industry please fill out the chart below on a scale between 1-5, rating each ofthese skills in how TEPP helped you develop and implement these skills today:1=not true at all 5=very trueBelow are

Conference Session

Graduate Education

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jane Andrews, Aston University; Robin Clark, Aston University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

be morechallenging. However, the two paper authors co-teach a module on Engineering CorporateSocial Responsibility. As a result of the Great Expectations Project, the learning objectivesassociated with this module have been amended so as to better emphasize the need forindividual and organizational social and ethical awareness. The assessment for this modulehas been altered to encourage graduate students to use their engineering and analytical skillsto work with non-profit heritage sites within the UK.In considering the individual and employment related drivers, one of the paper authors hasdeveloped and introduced a new graduate learning strategy which has been disseminatedacross the School of Engineering. Within this strategy, priority is

Conference Session

Cognitive Skills Development

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Hannah Smith, Queen's University; Brian M. Frank, Queen's University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

Amazon gift card. A grandprize draw was also used to increase engagement, with participants entered into a pool to winone $500 and four $100 Amazon gift cards, per institution, per cohort.General research board ethics approval was obtained at the institution prior to recruitment andtesting. 4.1 Sampling574 students were tested, including 112 first year and 65 fourth year engineering students.Engineering students were recruited in two cohorts: Cohort A, comprised of first yearengineering students in 2016; and Cohort B, comprised of first and fourth year students in 2017.Cohort A was recruited face-to-face and provided with consent forms. First year studentscompleted the ESO in-class during a mandatory engineering course, but only consenting

Conference Session

Practice III: Multimedia Learning

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rania Al-Hammoud P.Eng., University of Waterloo; Ona Egbue, University of South Carolina Upstate; Arshia Khan, University of Minnesota, Duluth; Darynne Kathleen Hagen, University of Waterloo

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

. L. (2010). The Effectiveness of Personal Response Systems at Increasing the Engagement and Achievement of Students in a Science Classroom. Michigan: UMI Dissertation Publishing.Henningsen, M., & Stein, M. K. (1997). Mathematical tasks and student cognition: Classroom- based factors that support and inhibit high-level mathematical thinking and reasoning. Journal for research in mathematics education, 524-549.Herkert, Joseph R. (1997) Collaborative learning in engineering ethics. Science and Engineering Ethics, vol. 3, no. 4, 1997, p. 447+Lynch, R., McNamara, P. M., & Seery, N. (2012). Promoting deep learning in a teacher education programme through self- and peer-assessment and feedback. European

Conference Session

Beyond the Classroom

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joyce B. Main, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Matilde L. Sanchez-Pena, Purdue University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

competent field. The National Academy of Engineering, for example,have stated in their vision of “The Engineer of 2020” that engineering activities should beframed in the context of rapidly moving technological changes, global interconnection ofresources, and an increasingly diverse and multidisciplinary population of individuals involvedin or affected by engineering developments. Among the NAE aspirations for the engineeringfield is “a future where engineers are prepared to adapt to changes in global forces and trendsand to ethically assist the world in creating a balance in the standard of living for developing anddeveloped countries alike”3. This vision reflects the need to embrace global competencies framedwithin ethical considerations, where

Conference Session

Student Perceptions of Self-efficacy, Success, and Identity

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Louis Nadelson, University of Central Arkansas; Idalis Villanueva, Utah State University; Jana Bouwma-Gearhart, Oregon State University; Estefany Soto, University of Central Arkansas ; Cindy Ann Lenhart, Oregon State University; Kate Youmans, Utah State University; Yoon Ha Choi, Oregon State University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

, increasing their motivation tolearn and persist when faced with failure or challenges, and they further develop an engineeringmindset. Consistent with the most recent Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology(ABET) [11], makerspaces may increase the ability to meet the expected student outcomes forengineering preparation programs [8]. Thus, makerspaces can be used to increase students’ability to apply STEM knowledge, conduct experiments, analyze the outcomes of thoseexperiments, work within constraints, work in teams, understand engineering as service tosociety, and understand their professional and ethical responsibilities. It is important to keep inmind many engineers working in large companies may never directly create a prototype as

Conference Session

New Learning Paradigms I

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kevin Anderson, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Christine Nicometo, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Sandra Courter, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Thomas McGlamery, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Traci Nathans-Kelly, University of Wisconsin, Madison

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

approaches his/her work. Vincenti describes“normal” engineering as a social interaction that serves practical needs9. Public safety standardsand client desires must factor into the thinking of the engineer. Similarly, Davis finds thatengineering work is rooted in ethics10. Engineers have to weigh options, give reasons to pick oneoption and explain the reasoning for that option. Ethical questions critically factor into thisanalysis. Will this be safe? Will it be of high enough quality? Does it meet standards? But, asmentioned above, it’s not a simple analysis as organization factors of budgets and timeconstraints come into play. It’s an interplay of technical, organizational and public constraints.Furthermore, Bucciarelli notes that design engineers

Conference Session

Student Learning, Problem Solving, & Critical Thinking 2

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ben D Radhakrishnan, National University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

Daydiscussion is at the beginning of each class (two or three students present in each class). Thisapproach engages the students from the beginning of the class to be active, attentive and engage.As an example – in the Engineering Management Concepts course, the students will look for amanagement related news or event and present it. They could be on human resources management,engineering management or engineering ethics, etc. The student opens the URL for the class andstarts the discussion. In the Sustainability courses, students will bring news items (or events)directly relating to the sustainability – energy, water, environment, policy, equity or economics. Inthe Globalization class, with so much going on the world today students bring latest topics

Conference Session

Special Session: Next Generation Problem-Solving

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ronald Miller, Colorado School of Mines; Tamara Moore, University of Minnesota; Brian Self, California Polytechnic State University; Andrew Kean, California Polytechnic State University; Gillian Roehrig, University of Minnesota; Jack Patzer, University of Pittsburgh

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

research Page 15.1080.3involves the following active areas of expanding the utility of MEAs: development of studentreflection tools; implementation of learning technologies; detection and repair ofmisconceptions; development of engineering students’ ethical frameworks; and development ofadvanced curriculum (Hamilton, Lesh, Lester, & Brilleslyper, 2008).An MEA has to be carefully constructed on six design principles that assure the MEA willprovide the student and instructor with the learning experience desired. The MEA frameworkpresents opportunities to address the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology(ABET) criteria, especially the

Conference Session

Knowing our Students, Part 1

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Reed Stevens, University of Washington; Daniel Amos, University of Washington; Andrew Jocuns, University of Washington; Lari Garrison, University of Washington

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

case of engineering students he would likely have needed to delete the “early to bed” part.Weber’s famous formulation of the Protestant work ethic10 also comes to mind. Weber arguedthat the Protestant work ethic was the motor that drove the rise of capitalism in Northern Europe.Where the Protestant work ethic differs, with its focus on hard work and earning more and moremoney, is that the paradise that hard work promises is a decidedly more earthly one forengineering students.Yet we worry about this combination of beliefs in the context of some of the goals we believe tobe widely shared within the engineering education reform community. One of those goals isclearly to promote an image of engineering as a force of good in the world—that leads

Conference Session

Assessment and Outcomes: ERM Roundtable

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Samantha Ruth Brunhaver, Arizona State University; Shannon Katherine Gilmartin, Stanford University; Helen L. Chen, Stanford University; Holly M Matusovich, Virginia Tech; Sheri Sheppard, Stanford University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

ofEngineering (NAE) Engineer of 2020 report.47 In this paper, we focus only on the ABEToutcomes, which were listed on the survey as shown in Table 2. Page 26.371.8Table 2. ABET Criterion a-k outcomesMath a Ethics c aScience CommunicationPlanning/conducting experiments b Global/societal context d bAnalytical skills Environmental context dDesign Economic issues dTeamwork

Conference Session

Approaches to Curriculum and Policy

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Venugopalan Kovaichelvan, TVS Institute for Quality and Leadership ; Calvin Sophistus King Ph.D., Dr. Mahalingam College of Engineering and Technology

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

, tolerances, and fits. Prepare process planning sheet independently by choosing the processes, sequence, tools, 2 parameters, cycle time, among few other alternatives. Manufacture the parts independently adhering to the process planning sheet and meet the 3 required dimensions, tolerances and fits. 4 Check the functions of the assembled product and make corrections. 5 Maintain high energy level and mental alertness. 6 Plan and work to schedules. 7 Communicate effectively with stakeholders to get things done and report progress. 8 Practice ethical responsibility.5.5.2 PSBL 2: Design: Design, Implement, and OperateThe second phase

Conference Session

Research on Engineering Design Education

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lindsey Anne Nelson, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

PracticalAction to design simulated learning experiences that incorporate concerns of marginalizedcommunities. Traditional poverty alleviation design challenges focus on creating solutions toproblems that differentially affect people living in poverty. Five of the fourteen “GrandChallenges”78 of Engineering—make solar energy economical, provide access to clean water,restore and improve urban infrastructure, manage the nitrogen cycle, and advance personalizedlearning—have particular relevance to alleviating poverty. Innovative engineering educatorshave suggested that design for large-scale social issues brings together technical prototypingskills and professional engineering ethics.9, 79, 80 Simulating design in marginalized communitiesallows educators to

Conference Session

Student Attitudes and Perceptions

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tuba Yildirim, University of Pittsburgh; Mary Besterfield-Sacre, University of Pittsburgh; Larry Shuman, University of Pittsburgh

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

Page 15.1050.6particular situation; i.e., it must be capable of being used by other students in similar situations,and robust enough to be used repeatedly as a tool for some purpose.Effective prototype: The solution to an MEA provides a useful prototype, or metaphor, forinterpreting other situations. The activity needs to encourage the students to create simplemodels for complex situations. The underlying concepts must be important ideas. Studentsshould be able to think back on a given MEA when they encounter other, structurally similarsituations.We are using these six principles to improve an engineering student’s understanding ofengineering concepts, problem solving skills, as well as ethical reasoning and the ability ofworking in teams. The

Conference Session

Studies of Classroom Assessment: Exam Wrappers, Equitable Grading, Test Anxiety, and Use of Reflection

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Kenya Z. Mejia, University of Washington; Jennifer A. Turns, University of Washington

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

now articulate main ideas of this course 0.761Areas for Growth, 𝜶 = 0.716 11 In doing this reflection activity, I understood more about my own weaknesses as a student. 0.825 12 In doing this reflection activity, I was able to improve my work 0.644 13 In doing this reflection activity, I gained insights about my study habits 0.697Social Impact, 𝜶 = 0.747 14 In doing this reflection activity, I thought about ethical concerns in engineering. 0.708 In doing this reflection activity, I learned about the personal and emotional costs in 15 0.71

Conference Session

Degree Pathways and Cocurricular Experiences

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Joanna Mirecki Millunchick, University of Michigan; Yixian Zhou, University of Michigan

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

resulted in the increase inpersistence to graduation [1], [2]. More recently, researchers have shown that such participationis related to positive outcomes across a wide range of dimensions, including social capital andbelonging [3], design [4], [5], teamwork [4]–[6], communication [4], [6], [7], ethics [8], andleadership [4], [9]. This paper examines the relationships between participation in a variety oftypes of co-curricular activities and a number of social, academic, and professional outcomes.Conceptual FrameworkFigure 1 shows a schematic of the conceptual framework guiding this work (Authors, submitted).It is largely based on Astin’s Input-Environment-Output theory [10] and Weidman’s conceptualframework of Undergraduate Socialization [11

Conference Session

The Role of Peers in Promoting Learning and Persistence

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Keilin Jahnke, University of Illinois Urbana - Champaign; Samantha Lindgren, University of Illinois Urbana - Champaign

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

, innovation, and vision. The secondYTU, You Teach Us – What You Learn, gave students the opportunity to select any topic thatthey believe fit the overall objectives of the course and that would advance theirs and their peers’creative abilities. For instance, while the course covers many ideation and implementationtechniques, students provided novel content in areas such as makerspaces, ethics, the connectionbetween creativity and sleep science, brainstorming techniques, and creative habit formation.The topics that students can select to teach for this assignment are intentionally open-ended forthis course on creativity and innovation. By being introduced to a wide variety of topics, studentsare able to build upon their existing knowledge, develop

Conference Session

Knowing Our Students, Faculty, and Profession

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brent Jesiek, Purdue University; Maura Borrego, Virginia Tech; Kacey Beddoes, Virginia Tech; Miguel Hurtado, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

research, particularly in the U.S. Wankat, for example, analyzed Journalof Engineering Education articles from 1993-1997 (n = 230) and 1993-2002 (n = 597).7-8 Sincethe journal did not use author-defined keywords during these periods, the author generated thefollowing list of categories and assigned up to four categories to each article:1. Teaching 7. ABET* 13. Distance Education* 19. Retention2. Computers 8. Learning 14. Communication/Writing 20. Programming*3. Design 9. First Year 15. Ethics 21. Aeronautical Eng**4. Assessment 10. Curriculum 16. Experiential/Hands On* 22. Quality,5. Groups/Teams 11. Laboratory 17

Conference Session

Assessment

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Meyer, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

) an ability to design a system, component, or process to meet desired needs within realistic constraints such as economic, environmental, social, political, ethical, health and safety, manufacturability, and sustainability;(d) an ability to function on multi-disciplinary teams;(e) an ability to identify, formulate, and solve engineering problems;(f) an understanding of professional and ethical responsibility;(g) an ability to communicate effectively;(h) the broad education necessary to understand the impact of engineering solutions in a global, economic, environmental, and societal context;(i) a recognition of the need for, and an ability to engage in life-long learning;(j) a knowledge of contemporary issues; and(k) an ability to use

Conference Session

Experiences of Diverse Students

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joel Alejandro Mejia, Angelo State University; Amy Wilson-Lopez, Utah State University, Department of Teacher Education and Leadership; Andrea L. Robledo, Angelo State University; Renata A. Revelo, University of Illinois, Chicago

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

theshower chair adjustable headrest – mentioned that she wanted to provide solutions to people intheir community working at a meat-packing plant. However, she desisted from addressing thatspecific problem because she thought it would become very politicized. She understood that hercommunity had a history of struggle and subjugation and wanted to prevent any harm to them.This is a clear example of conciencia and empathy. Living in a liminal state5 provided Sofia witha different set of decision-making skills and approaches to solve problems in the community. Shewas aware that options were limited by economics, politics, and social constraints. In this way,Sofia demonstrated an understanding of the importance of ethics in engineering. Ethics

Conference Session

Revolutionizing Engineering Departments (RED)

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cara Margherio, University of Washington; Elizabeth Litzler, University of Washington; Kerice Doten-Snitker, University of Washington

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

individual colleges with designing their own plans to alignwith the institution’s broader goals. Change agents must be able to read their institutions’ culture,Kezar and Eckel concluded, in order to develop effective strategies for empowering stakeholderswithin their specific contexts. Empowerment can take different dimensions, and there are nobounds to what it looks like. The crux of empowerment is its result, not its process.Why empower stakeholders to develop a shared vision for change?Stakeholder empowerment is not a strategy to eliminate resistance, although it may have thateffect. Its real goal is to preempt ethical issues in a change process. In an age when “most of thecurrent ethical frameworks for organizations, as well as in society

Conference Session

Communication Across the Divisions I

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kathryn A. Neeley, University of Virginia; Judith Shaul Norback, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods, Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

; Civil&and&mechanical&engineering,&assessment&of&professional&ethics,& Mechanical&Engineering,& student&comprehension&from&&nonverbal& teaching&and&learning&in&engineering&education,&learning&through& Literacy/Philosophy& communication& historical&engineering&accomplishments,&engineering&management& U.S.&Military&Academy& Transdisciplinary&approach&to&developing& 5& Computer&science

Conference Session

Assessment and Outcomes: ERM Roundtable

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Golnaz Arastoopour, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Naomi C. Chesler, University of Wisconsin, Madison; David Williamson Shaffer; Zachari Swiecki, University of Madison-Wisconsin

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

Page 26.679.2within realistic constraints such aseconomic, environmental, social, political,ethical, health and safety,manufacturability, and sustainability(e) an ability to identify, formulate, and solve (f) an understanding of professional andengineering problems ethical responsibility(g) an ability to communicate effectively (h) the broad education necessary to understand the impact of engineering solutions in a global,economic, environmental, and societal context (i) a recognition of the need for, and an ability to engage in life-long learning(j

Conference Session

Studying Engineering Education Research & Institutions

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Corey Owen, University of Saskatchewan; Debora Rolfes, University of Saskatchewan

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods, Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

Paper ID #12357Communication Class Size and Professional IdentityDr. Corey Owen, University of Saskatchewan Corey Owen received his PhD in English from Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada in 2007. Since then, he has been teaching in the Ron and Jane Graham School of Professional Development in the University of Saskatchewan’s College of Engineering. His research focuses on issues of rhetoric, identity, and learning theory, as well as medieval ethics and literature.Prof. Debora Rolfes, University of Saskatchewan Debora Rolfes is an assistant professor in the Ron and Jane Graham School of Professional

Conference Session

Cognitive Engagement

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rongrong Liu; Jiabin Zhu, Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

higherorder thinking skills. Journal for the Education of the Gifted, 20(4), 401-422.[7] Perry W G. (1970). Forms of intellectual and ethical development in the college years: ascheme. San Francisco, USA: Jossey-Bass.[8] Culver, R.S. & Hackos, J.T. (1982). Perry's model of intellectual development (Vol. 72).Engineering Education, 73: 221-226.[9] Belenky, M. F., Clinchy, B. M. N., Goldberger, R. & Tarule, J. M. (1986). Women's ways ofknowing: The development of self, voice and mind. New York, USA: Basic Books.[10] Baxter Magolda, M. B. (1992). Knowing and reasoning in college. San Francisco, USA:Jossey-Bass.[11] King, P. M. & Kitchener, K. S. (1994). Developing reflective judgment: understanding andpromoting intellectual growth and