Emission similar to lasingwill occur in the active layer of the junction. Also, In addition to the requirement for an opticalcavity in one direction at end points, an optical confinement perpendicular to this cavity ishelpful to keep the photons that are achieved within the cavity. At the same time change in theindex of Refraction of the adjacent layers, where The active layers normally have a little higherindex of refraction, so that the total internal reflection takes place similar to that in an opticalfiber11 is an important design in the growth of these QW laser diodes.Wavelength dependence of Semiconductor forbidden band gap:The relationship between band gap and the wavelength is given by Einstein Equation12
points on the Posttest. Qualitative observations were that as reflected in Table 2, students worked more on homework and in a more much more timely fashion than observed in the past. The oneonone interactions helped better deal with issues in problemsolving, including the issue of how students approached problems. This appears to be indicated in the improvement in the Final Exam scores. In addition, the interactions with the instructor enhances student performance on the teambased projects compared to previous semesters and other courses. After using a flipped methodology in several courses and looking at all evidence: quantitative and qualitative, the lead author thinks that the students’ ability to learn
normally covered in the standard senior design curriculum. The paperconcludes with a reflection on what constitutes “appropriate technology” and how developmentengineers need to consider the relative benefits of locally produced or locally assembled productsin maximizing societal impact.Project BackgroundA. Mali Sorghum ProjectThe ‘Mali Sorghum Project’ is a joint project between the University of St. Thomas (UST) and theInternational Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT).5 A sorghum hybridwas developed by ICRISAT through a decade long participatory collaboration between subsistencefarmers in Mali and scientists from ICRISAT. The hybrid yields acceptable amounts of sorghumgrain, the primary product of traditional sorghum
course learning outcomes is a key part of assigning student grades.Second, accomplishment of course learning outcomes is used as an assessment tool for assessingthe curriculum. Third, assessment of how well students have accomplished the course learningoutcomes is used to improve the course in future offerings. It is the use of course data in this lastform as feedback for course improvement that is addressed in the fourth, course level, Demingcycle.Since each instructor is responsible for assessment of course learning outcomes, various methodsare used including portfolios, reflection papers, feedback from follow-on courses, pre and posttests or concept inventories, and grading systems that tie grades directly to accomplishment
later grades.through experiment, and communicative learning,which involves two or more individuals working to [2] Carpenter, R. (1963). A Reading M ethod andreach a consensus of understanding through discourse an Activity M ethod in Elementar y Sciencethat examines the evidence, arguments, and considers I nstr uction.Science Education, April.all points of view. More generally, involvement in A Summary Study of NSF Sponsoredthese types of learning modalities helps students to Elementary Science Programs, the study ofbecome more proficient at critical reflection on the fourth grade students found that an activityassumptions made in consideration of any
terminology and uncertainty. These two documents are theInternational Vocabulary of Basic and General Terms in Metrology (abbreviated VIM andoriginally published in 1984) and Evaluation of Measurement Data – Guide to the Expression ofUncertainty in Measurement (abbreviated GUM and originally published in 1993). In 1997, theBIPM, IEC, IFCC, ILAC, ISO, IUPAC, IUPAP, and OIML formed the Joint Committee forGuides in Metrology (JCGM) to update and maintain these documents as well as to create furtherdocuments aiding the further standardization of metrology3.The VIM provides standardized definitions for terms such as error, precision, accuracy,repeatability and reproducibility. These definitions reflect the shift that has occurred over thelast 40 years
plan to expand the activity with a homework assignment thatincludes current-voltage characteristic analysis along with problems related to the concept ofsheet resistance and the necessity for current carrying grids. The derivation of the 0.25 fillfactor, presented earlier, should be a suitable problem for upper level physics or engineeringstudents. To understand solar cell operation and device optimization it is important for studentsto investigate the relationship between sheet resistance and resistivity. Many students aresurprised to find that the sheet resistance (Ω/□) is a useful quantity because it is independent ofthe size of the square. Topics including optical absorption and anti-reflection coating areappropriate at this level. With
results was692 students. We have two reasons for pooling the data across the multiple terms reflected in thisstudy: (1) Student profiles (majors, undergraduate status, etc.) and numbers in each sample haveremained quite similar over the multiple years included in the study; and, (2) Notwithstandingminimal changes to the instruction manual (e.g. formatting and numbering) used in thesecourses, the structure and content of the laboratory experiments have remained intact.In Figure 1 we show the results of the assessment. The graph shows the percentage of ourstudents and those from the published national sample that correctly answered each test question.The graph also separately displays the performance of students in our calculus-based lectureclass
both (i) incorrectanswers and (ii) correct answers supported only by explicitly worked out computations. Sinceour data come from a final exam, we expected that many students would do explicit calculationseven if they thought of a quick, heuristic answer, in order to get “full credit” or to be sure of theiranswers. Therefore, we coded answers as reflecting mathematical sense-making if any part of astudent’s solution included mathematical sense-making, whether or not the student also did acalculation. The details of the sense-making coding on each problem are described in the nextsub-section.Our preliminary coding scheme was generated by three of the authors by looking at a smallsubset of the student responses (N=25). Two authors then coded 45
author took several lab courses, followed theinstructions and was assigned good grades. He spent little to no time reflecting on each labafterwards, instead going on to focus on the next problem set, paper or upcoming exam. Whilethe labs were often designed to demonstrate theory that was introduced in lecture, there weremany situations in which important underlying assumptions were not mentioned. Now, as amathematics professor teaching courses with applications, such as differential equations, discretemathematics, and linear optimization, the author’s interest in applied topics has been rekindled.It is apparent that his learning in undergraduate lab courses and the supporting lecture courseswas not sufficiently deep and did not include the
following topics: Ü A view of E&M theory from a physics and engineering perspective Ü Sources of electromagnetic noise and shielding methods Ü Transmission line phenomena particularly with regard to high-speed digital system Ü General antenna theory and antenna propagation patterns; e.g. for cell phone applications and WiFi. Ü Basic plane wave phenomena such as reflection, transmission, and absorption characteristics at interfaces.Surprisingly, there was almost no external demand for our undergraduates to understand generalwave-guide theory. This was considered to be a more ‘advanced’ topic. With regard to appliedskills, a basic proficiency in the following was considered desirable. Ü Ability to perform E
feedbackinformation from students. This type of information is interesting since the students arethe ones directly interacting with the MLM, but the instructor has to identify learninggains. Below, we provide a summary of the questions asked to the MLM groups, withthe initial conclusions drawn by the authors. It is important to stress once more that theseresults are only reflective of the groups who used the MLM in the fall semester due totime constraints.Question 1: “What was your opinion on the effectiveness of the FlipIt Physics product?”Sample Positives • “I think the success I had in this class can be attributed to how prepared I was for the lectures.” • “I really enjoyed Flipit physics it kept me organized and helped me understand.”Sample
they will face in their transformation to becoming an engineering, and generalattitudes about their personal confidence seem to skew high. This indicates that the students feelgood about moving forward onto upper level laboratory and design courses. The questions aboutattitudes indicate a high average level of confidence in learned skills, but a slightly increasedpolarity between levels of interest and motivation. This could indicate that the course is can be agauge for a small number of students whether or not to pursue engineering.These survey results generally seem to reflect a strong agreement with the overall goals of thecourse, and provide insight into areas that might be improved in future semesters. As the coursegoes forward, we intend
making students the“experts.” Some of the topics students in the spring 2008 PNM class chose to write about areexpressed in the following paper titles: ≠ Capturing the Stars: The Reflecting Telescope ≠ LASIK: Bringing “Good” Vision to “Great” Vision ≠ RFID: Radio Frequency Identification ≠ The Sound of Music: The Physics of a Violin ≠ Acoustics of the Mixing/Mastering Studio ≠ Professional Recording: Evolutions in Audio Technology ≠ The Deadliest Predators: Sharks and the Bioelectromagnetic SenseIn addition to writing about topics that relate to topics covered in class during the semester,students are also encouraged to choose topics that overlap in some way with their major area of
of two entangled beams of photons aimed at asubstance and measure the interference pattern in the reflected beams. The use of entanglementsignificantly increases the information content gathered as the measurement of one photon willgive you information about the other. This technology has a great potential in medical use wherenon-invasive, real-time imaging of a living organism is desirable. [17] Similar techniques inastronomy are expected to improve the performance of interferometers in astronomy. Forinstance, while LIGO finally detected gravitational waves from colliding black holes in 2015using Michelson interferometers, entanglement enhanced interferometry can help detect weakergravitational waves. [18]2. Quantum Communications &
activities to develop students’ reasoning skills and therefore, increase engineeringstudents’ physics learning.IntroductionScientific reasoning refers to “cognitive abilities such as critical thinking and reasoning” (Bao etal, 2009, p. 586) or “skills involved in inquiry, experimentation, evidence evaluation, andinference that are done in the service of conceptual change or scientific understanding”(Zimmerman, 2007). It is needed in problem solving situations and requires methods of scientificinquiry such as the cycle of analysis, testing, reflection and revision, in order to construct adeeper understanding of the situation. Scientific thinking is “purposeful thinking that has theobjective of enhancing the seeker’s knowledge” (Kuhn, 2010, p. 2).To
research accommodation and support from allthe organizations involved. Students from the author’s Engineering Geology, Rock Mechanics,Soil Mechanics I and II, Soil Engineering, Foundation Engineering classes, in particular James,Hannah, Bradley, Jaden, Jacob and Sung are all gratefully appreciated for providing their coursefeedback on a memorable learning, discussions and invaluable teaching experience. The findings,opinions expressed in this article does not reflect any organization’s endorsement. It purelycomes from the author’s motivation to better help teach and learn soil mechanics and engineeringwith intuition, insight, personal observations and experience, some remote and maybe evenremotely wild connections and/or cognitive
Physics 100 is: Strong Moderate Minimal Not ApplicableGE-1 Critical reflections on the nature and history of beauty and MinimalAesthetic sensibilities artGE-2 Interchanging ideas and information through writing, ModerateCommunication skills speech, and visual and digital mediaGE-3 Systematic