Conference Session

Capstone and Design Projects in Engineering Technology

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Carmine C. Balascio, University of Delaware; Beth (Becky) Kano Kinney, University of Delaware

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

individuals for whom they were written.The system was piloted during the fall semester of 2011 in a variety of courses ranging fromphilosophy to math and science to engineering and engineering technology. Two surveys weredeveloped, one for students and the other for faculty, to examine the effectiveness of the systemin meeting the goals of the project. The student response rate was about 15% (56 out of 368)while faculty response rate was 70% (7 out of 10).Overall, a majority of the students and faculty found the system to be beneficial. For themajority of faculty, the system saved time over previous methods of peer evaluation they hadused. This paper examines the features of the system in detail, discusses the student and facultysurvey results, looks

Conference Session

Capstone and Senior Design Projects Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Antonio Francisco Mondragon, Rochester Institute of Technology (CAST); Adriana Becker-Gomez, Rochester Institute of Technology (KGCOE); Carmen A Bovalino III, Rochester Institute of Technology, Student; Michael B Jones, RIT; Derrick Brazil, Rochester Institute of Technology; Michael R Caldwell, Graduate Student Rochester Institute of Technology; sajin george, RIT

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

Engineer and Project Leader for the Automotive Industry in the area of Embedded and Software Systems. She also worked as an Assistant to the Dean of the Graduate Studies of Engineering Division at Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico in 1995 .In 2000 she was a grader at Texas A&M University. In 2001 she interned in the Preamp R&D SP Group at Texas Instruments, Dallas, TX, and at Intersil Corporation, Dallas / Milpitas, as a Design Engineer, in the High Performance Analog Group in 2005. She worked at Intersil as a Senior Design Engineer in the Analog and Mixed Signal-Data Converters Group. In 2009 she joined Rochester Institute of Technology in Rochester, New York as an adjunct professor in ECT-ET

Conference Session

Capstone and Senior Design in Engineering Technology: Part I

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Vladimir Genis, Drexel University; William Danley, Drexel University; Warren Rosen, Drexel University; Shawn Racz, Lockheed Martin, Inc.

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

students pick thetopics of the project recommended by the faculty, industry representatives, or chosen by thestudents based on their experience during co-op cycles. This capstone experience allows studentsto demonstrate their knowledge and skills at a professional level. The course sequence isfinalized by the completion of a working prototype and a presentation of the project to the SeniorDesign Project Committee, AET students and faculty, and general audience during the thirdweek of May.Introduction The mission of the Applied Engineering Technology program is to provide contemporary students with an academic foundation and practical education in engineering technology through an outstanding curriculum and applied research

Conference Session

ETAC/ABET RELATED OUTCOME BASED ISSUES

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Wesley L. Stone, Western Carolina University; Guanghsu A. Chang, Western Carolina University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

Education, 2013 An Evolving Capstone Course used in ABET AssessmentAbstractThe Department of Engineering and Technology at Western Carolina University (WCU) hasdeveloped a capstone design course sequence that provides students with industry-relevantprojects, while generating an excellent opportunity to assess many of the ABET (AccreditationBoard for Engineering and Technology) student outcomes, commonly called “a through k.” Inits sixth year the two-semester course sequence sees a healthy list of projects that provide cross-functional opportunities for teams composed of undergraduate students in EngineeringTechnology (ET), Electrical and Computer Engineering Technology (ECET), and ElectricalEngineering (EE).Each of the capstone projects

Conference Session

Capstone/ET Projects III - Mechanical and Manufacturing Focus

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Wei Zhan, Texas A&M University; Byul Hur, Texas A&M University; Yonghui Wang, Prairie View A&M University; Suxia Cui, Prairie View A&M University; Bugrahan Yalvac, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

demonstrations for their project, they must have enough knowledgein design, analysis, fabrication, and testing. In ESET program, most courses with courseprojects use about half of the semester for regular laboratories and only about seven weeks fortheir course projects. Given the time limitation, making a gadget for the Mimi-Maker Fairecould be a challenge for some lower level courses. In Make Culture, people are supposed tolearn many knowledge and skills on their own before they can make gadgets. As students movethrough the ESET program, they know more and more about designing electronic gadgets. Control System (ESET 462) is a senior level course. Students typically take this coursetogether with their Capstone I (ESET 419), as illustrated in Fig.1

Conference Session

Capstone/ET Projects III - Mechanical and Manufacturing Focus

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Cheng Y. Lin P.E., Old Dominion University; Hamid Eisazadeh, Old Dominion University; Alok K. Verma P.E., Old Dominion University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

Paper ID #28574Design a Class Infusion Project of ASME Geometric Dimensioning andTolerancing StandardDr. Cheng Y. Lin P.E., Old Dominion University Dr. Lin is a Professor of Mechanical Engineering Technology at Old Dominion University. He received his PhD of Mechanical Engineering from Texas A&M University in 1989, and is a registered Professional Engineer in Virginia. Dr. Lin has expertise in automation control, machine design, CAD/CAM, CNC, geometric dimensioning and tolerancing, and robotics. He has been active in the technology application research and teaching training courses for the local industries and technology

Conference Session

Capstone/ET Projects I: Electrical and Computer Focus

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Murat Kuzlu, Old Dominion University; Otilia Popescu, Old Dominion University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

networking, and students with practical experience scored better in thefinal exam than those without practical experience. A classroom environment of computer networklaboratory experiments was developed for an undergraduate course on computer engineering [10].They emphasized the importance of giving attention to theoretical and fundamental knowledge indata communication and networking due to changes quickly. A project was proposed to improvethe learning of students enrolled in the data communications courses through a problem-solvingapproach using OPNET, which is a software environment for modeling, simulating, and analyzingthe performance of communications networks [11]. The project helped students to gain a betterunderstanding of complex

Conference Session

Capstone/ET Projects III - Mechanical and Manufacturing Focus

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Lei Xie, Texas State University; Malini Natarajarathinam, Texas A&M University; Michael Johnson, Texas A&M University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

Engineering) from Anna University [Tamilnadu, India], her MS in Industrial Engineering from Auburn University, her MA in Management Science and MS in Applied Statistics from The University of Alabama. She has experience working with many industries such as automotive, chemical distribution, etc. on transporta- tion and operations management projects. She works extensively with food banks and food pantries on supply chain management and logistics focused initiatives. Her graduate and undergraduate students are an integral part of her service-learning based logistics classes. She teaches courses in strategic relationships among industrial distributors and distribution logistics. Her recent research focuses on engineering

Conference Session

Capstone/ET Projects I: Electrical and Computer Focus

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Jay R. Porter, Texas A&M University; Anthony T. Cahill, Texas A&M University; Ricardo Eusebi, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

III. This course is a one lecture hour,three lab hour class and was taught for the first time during the Fall 2019 semester. The lecturecontains topics designed to complement the second engineering physics course onelectromagnetics such as electric fields, magnetic fields, and electric DC and AC circuits as wellas the application of these concepts to real-world engineering problems. In addition, a number ofother topics are addressed including data acquisition, microcontrollers, project management,engineering ethics and art in engineering. The laboratory component is conceptually innovativeand uses a newly developed three-axis positioning and data acquisition system that allowsstudents to automate the sensing and data analysis of electric and

Conference Session

Capstone/ET Projects III - Mechanical and Manufacturing Focus

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Ranjeet Agarwala, East Carolina University; Robert A. Chin, East Carolina University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

Conference Session

Capstone/ET Projects I: Electrical and Computer Focus

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Ulan Dakeev, Sam Houston State University; Ali Aljaroudi, Sam Houston State University; Faruk Yildiz, Sam Houston State University; Reg Recayi Pecen, Sam Houston State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

faculty members in 2010- 2011 academic year Leadership Award Ceremony. Dr. Pecen received a Milestone Award for outstanding mentoring of graduate students at UNI, and recognition from UNI Graduate College for acknowledging the milestone that has been achieved in successfully chairing ten or more graduate student culminating projects, theses, or dissertations, in 2011 and 2005. He was also nominated for 2004 UNI Book and Supply Outstanding Teaching Award, March 2004, and nominated for 2006, and 2007 Russ Nielson Service Awards, UNI. Dr. Pecen is an Engineering Tech- nology Editor of American Journal of Undergraduate Research (AJUR). He has been serving as a re- viewer on the IEEE Transactions on Electronics

Conference Session

Capstone/ET Projects I: Electrical and Computer Focus

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Xiaoxia Li, Texas A&M University, Kingsville; Farzin Heidari, Texas A&M University, Kingsville

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

users.The processing unit is the core of the VR hardware system, which enables fast reaction andpowerful processing ability. It is critical in generating real-time graphics in VR. The processingunits can be a computer, console, or smartphone with substantial computation and graphics-processing capacity. The actual gestures of the head and body movement are captured by theinput device to the computer to calculate the corresponding real-time synthesized graphics andaudio effects.The most characteristic output is the visual content that can be displayed through Head-MountedDisplay, creating a distraction-free immersive visual and audio environment for the users.However, it is also common to have multiple large projecting screens in specially

Conference Session

Capstone/ET Projects III - Mechanical and Manufacturing Focus

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Immanuel Edinbarough P.E., University of Texas Rio Grande Valley; Aditya Akundi, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

field, the Department of Manufacturing and Industrial Engineering provides asetting for technology development and applied research in the Engineering Technology (ENGT)program. According to the program description, engineering technology education emphasizesprimarily on the applied aspects of science and product improvement, industrial practices, andengineering operational functions. A capstone two-semester senior project course is a part of theengineering technology curriculum. This course provides the students an opportunity to addressand experience the critical problems faced in the day-to-day life of an engineer in an advancedmanufacturing industry. One such problem is to find a quick replacement for the damagedcritical part that limits the

Conference Session

Electromechanical Capstone and Design Projects in Engineering Technology

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Chong Chen, Middle Tennessee State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

was conducted as a graduate student project.Through this project, the involving graduate students not only leaned how to use the Maxwellsoftware for creating an electrical machine geometry, adding permanent magnet and current tothe machine, and interpreting the calculation results, but also got an in-depth understanding onthe linear alternator operation and design as well as what the machine may do in utilizingrenewable energy.Principle of Linear AlternatorFigure 2 is a cross section view of a single-slot single-phase cylindrical permanent magnet linearalternator. This alternator has two parts: a stator and a plunger. The stator consists of a statorcore, made of silicon-iron, and a circular stator winding embedded inside of the stator core

Conference Session

Electromechanical Capstone and Design Projects in Engineering Technology

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William C. Beston, Florence-Darlington Technical College; Elaine L. Craft, Florence-Darlington Technical College

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

Electro-Mechanical Engineering Technology (EMET) or similar programs. Theinstructional modules, including an advanced certificate option for incumbent workers, can leadto certification as a Robotics Production Technician (RPT) and be aligned with theManufacturing Skill Standards Council’s (MSSC) "Certified Production Technician” credential,which is recognized by the federal National Skill Standards Board as the "Voluntary Partnership"for manufacturing.The project team has established the following goals: 1. necessary skills for RPTs will be updated and validated; 2. six instructional modules leading to certification as a RPT will be developed for on-line delivery; 3. completers will demonstrate “readiness” for industry- recognized

Conference Session

Electromechanical Capstone and Design Projects in Engineering Technology

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael D. Johnson, Texas A&M University; Ram Prasad Diwakaran, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

Conference Session

Industry Collaborations in Engineering Technology

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Phillip Sanger, Western Carolina University; Chip Ferguson, Western Carolina University; Wesley Stone, Western Carolina University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

AC 2009-888: INTEGRATING PROJECT MANAGEMENT, PRODUCTDEVELOPMENT, AND SENIOR CAPSTONE INTO A COURSE SEQUENCETHAT CREATES NEW PRODUCTS AND PATENTS FOR STUDENTSPhillip Sanger, Western Carolina UniversityChip Ferguson, Western Carolina UniversityWesley Stone, Western Carolina University Page 14.765.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009 Integrating Project Management, Product Development and Senior Capstone into a Course Sequence that Creates New Products and Patents for StudentsAbstractThe competitive pressures of the global market have brought into sharp focus the need forcreativity, problem solving and teaming skills in our

Conference Session

ETD Design II

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John L. Irwin, Michigan Technological University; David Wanless, Michigan Technological University; Paul Sanders, Michigan Technological University; Scott W. Wagner, Michigan Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

ProjectsEngineering Technology Education NeedsBoth engineering and engineering technology (ET) accredited bachelor degree programs requirea capstone project or cooperative education experience for students to apply their technicalknowledge in real world situations. The Association of Technology, Management, and AppliedEducation (ATMAE) organization in its accreditation standards require baccalaureate degreeprograms to include an element of industrial experience as related in the following. “Each program of study shall include appropriate industrial experiences such as industrial tours, work-study options/cooperative education, and/or senior seminars focusing on problem-solving activities related to industry. Industrial experiences shall be

Conference Session

Capstone and Senior Design in Electrical and Computer ET

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Fernando Rios-Gutierrez, Georgia Southern University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

successful and interesting projects, in its original format, the capstone course was tooshort and did not afford the students time to truly demonstrate their capabilities.Also, in order for the EET program to fullfill more strongly the ABET outcomes related todemonstrate that students are able to function on multi-disciplinary teams (outcome d), that theyshow a strong ability to identify, formulate, and solve engineering problems (outcome e) andare able to understand professional and ethical responsibility (outcome f). Based on these goals,the EET faculty and its Industrial Advisory Board (IAB) agreed to modify and expand the EETSenior Project Course into two courses. TEET4610 is a 1-credit course offered in the fallsemester, and a TEET4620 is a 2

Conference Session

Software Applications in ET Programs

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephen A. Strom, Pennsylvania State University, Erie

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

Society for Engineering Education, 2015 Innovative Embedded Systems ProjectAbstractThe goal of an Embedded Design course is to teach programming, embedded circuits and softwarealgorithms. There are also related goals, such as learning to use development tools, lab equipmentand proper debugging techniques. There are tangential goals such as working in teams andpreparation for senior/capstone projects. And while there are a variety of approaches to teaching,the common theme is that you want the students to be successful and understand the material asthoroughly as possible.Each year, there are new peripherals, new processors and most engineering departments do not takea static approach to education and try to include more

Conference Session

Capstone and Senior Design in Engineering Technology

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mary Johnson, Purdue University; Sergey Dubikovsky, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

Aeronautical Engineering Technology program has senior level capstone courses thatintegrate knowledge gained through undergraduate courses. Three of these capstone coursesrequire the students to plan, design, build, test, and implement product or process improvements.Faculty members have designed these courses in the curriculum to focus students on productdesign and process improvement. The courses use Lean Six Sigma (LSS) methodology andtechniques as a structured approach to problem-solving, product design, and processimprovement. This combination of design project experience and LSS knowledge is anadvantage for graduates seeking careers in aerospace and aviation, as the LSS methodology iswidely used across multiple disciplines to achieve dramatic

Conference Session

ETD Design IV: Construction and Civil Engineering Technology

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Barry Dupen, Indiana University Purdue University, Fort Wayne; Regina Leffers, Indiana University Purdue University, Fort Wayne

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

“student project” led to substantial donations of money, labor, excavating, and materials frommany sources. As a result, the project was completed at one-quarter the price bid by a privatecontractor. Assessment of student learning was conducted by the instructor, departmentalcolleagues, and working construction professionals.IntroductionIn part, this is the story of collaboration between two professors. Regina teaches ConstructionEngineering Technology, and Barry teaches Mechanical Engineering Technology. We both teachSenior Design Capstone classes. While Barry’s seniors design and build machines for localsponsoring companies, Regina’s seniors plan and build residential or commercial structures.In the summer of 2009, Barry joined the Board of

Conference Session

STEM Issues

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Wei Dai Vian, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Nancy L. Denton P.E., Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

their freshmen through junioracademic years is expected to form a strong foundation for the senior capstone project (animplicit goal of most courses within the MET degree program). At the capstone level,students undertake a relatively unstructured, broadly-defined, real-world problem.Progressing from project-based to problem-based learning is facilitated throughcompletion of the carousel project in dynamics.12 Scaffolded problem and projectlearning experiences such as the carousel project increase depth of student understanding,build students’ confidence in their technical knowledge, and prepare them for moresubstantial subsequent problem solving. Table 3: Rate of Achievement of CLOO SuccessCLOO

Conference Session

ET Projects

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Immanuel Edinbarough P.E., University of Texas, Rio Grande Valley; Adriana Rios Santiago, University of Texas, Rio Grande Valley; Jesus Gonzalez-Rodriguez, University of Texas, Rio Grande Valley

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

senior design project is developed in a two-course sequence of Senior Project I and II. InSenior Project I, students use their time to identify an engineering problem and proceed todevelop an optimum solution. At this stage, they also conduct thorough research on the topic andcomplete planning and design of the project. The subsequent Senior Project II is used to buildand test the functional prototype. These capstone courses are planned to develop a yearlongproject that will provide students with an opportunity to practice the skills that they have learnedand developed through the coursework.Metrology is the science of measurement.Skills Gap in Metrology TechnologyQuality assurance and related technology are vital for the functioning of

Conference Session

ETD Projects

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Faruk Yildiz, Sam Houston State University; Keith L. Coogler, Sam Houston State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

comparison of the InterdisciplinaryExperimental Engineering Project Course to a capstone course is offered in this paper.I. IntroductionMost engineering and technology programs require their undergraduate students to take a seniordesign/capstone course to complete the degree. Most capstone courses are yearlong or a semesterlong, are specific to the student’s major, and are designed to demonstrate, in some way, thestudent’s knowledge of the discipline. To fulfill the requirements of a capstone course, thestudent accomplishes a field-specific project by herself/himself and is required to prepare apaper, a presentation, and/or poster to present the project before a group of peers. In some cases,industrial advisory board members are invited to the

Conference Session

ET Projects

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Vladimir Genis, Drexel University; M. Eric Carr, Drexel University; Sarina M. Stoor, Arora Engineers Inc. ; Fahad Ibrahim Alsuhaibani; Alexander M. Rogers, Drexel University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

technologies to en- hance Drexel’s Engineering Technology course offerings. Eric is currently pursuing a Ph.D in Computer Engineering at Drexel, and is an author of several technical papers in the field of Engineering Technology Education.Sarina M. Stoor, Arora Engineers Inc. Project Coordinator at Arora Engineers, Inc.Mr. Fahad Ibrahim AlsuhaibaniAlexander M. Rogers, Drexel University c American Society for Engineering Education, 2019 Senior Design Project – The Road from Initial Design to Working PrototypeAbstractThe Senior Design Project is the capstone undergraduate experience for Drexel University’sEngineering Technology (ET) students. During this

Conference Session

ET Projects

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Biswajit Ray, Bloomsburg University; Robert Chambers; Nathan Henry, Bloomsburg University; Paul Michael Karcher

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

, and linearsignals and systems concepts via prerequisite courses. Project experience gained in this courseserves as a stepping-stone for the students taking the semester-long capstone design course thefollowing semester.Student outcomes for the end-of-semester project experienceAfter completing the end-of-semester control system design projects, students will develop theability to: • identify and seek information relevant to problem solution without guidance, • select and design-in appropriate sensors and actuators, • consider and assess multiple methods and approaches to design, • update solution approach based on hardware and software testing, • implement a design solution and prototype functional hardware within time and

Conference Session

ET Projects

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ali Eydgahi, Eastern Michigan University; Payam Matin, University of Maryland, Eastern Shore; Lukman G. Bolahan Anidu

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

senior design project. The student used principles ofradio frequency identification technique to read identification of each person from their IDcards. The information retrieved by the reader is transferred with the aid of TransmissionControl Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) to a Structured Query Language (SQL) database onthe server and then is processed for generating an attendance list.IntroductionIn senior design or capstone courses, students are required to demonstrate their abilities asengineers by engaging and utilizing engineering design process for design and development ofmeaningful projects or products. By defining a real-life project relevant to students’ program ofstudy, a valuable practical experience is provided to the students

Conference Session

ETD Projects

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Maddumage Karunaratne, University of Pittsburgh, Johnstown

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

engineering and computer engineering majors take one semester course inmicrocontrollers to learn embedded system developments in their junior year preceded by a Cprogramming course and an electronics course. This course facilitates their understanding of digitalcontrollers and most of the senior capstone projects would select one or two microcontrollers as theheart of the project. Students have used Raspberry Pi, Arduino, and Freescale Dragon boards whichthe course and labs are based on due to its simplicity and legacy. With vast processing capabilities ofelectronics, Google and others are trying to push automation to a new degree with self-drivingvehicles which have to read and interpret moving and stationary objects, black and white surface lines

Conference Session

ET Projects

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rachel Mosier P.E., Oklahoma State University; William E. Genereux, Kansas State University; Katie Rieger, Oklahoma State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

; organization, language, delivery, supporting material andcentral message. For each of these assessment areas, the minimum score of 1 represents thebenchmark, scores of 2-3 are milestones with a maximum score of 4 for the capstone, indicatingskill.One difference between the ComET project and the CmET project was the amount of in classinstruction on video editing techniques. The ComET project allotted course laboratory time todiscuss the video portion of the project like lighting, sound, and camera angles. Anotherdifference is the ComET project did not have a paper component (Genereux 2014). However, theCmET course did not allot any time to videography or editing techniques. Classroom discussionwas limited to uploading requirements for YouTube as