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ancient Hindu texts such as the Manusmriti, Ramayana, Mahabharata, Vedas, andUpanishads, provide moral and ethical justifications for the caste system through the concept ofreincarnation and spiritual purity/pollution [8], [10], [11]. These religious affiliations have madethe caste system difficult to challenge because it is perceived as divinely ordained [7], [9].Historically, the caste system legitimized the oppression of Dalit communities, relegating them tothe lowest social roles and subjecting them to severe discrimination and exclusion, such as beingdenied access to education [8], [11]. One prominent outcome of the caste system isuntouchability, a practice that prohibits social interactions, resource sharing, and even physicalcontact with
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thesubject matter [33]. Disagreements regarding the coding or data analysis were addressed andresolved by consensus. This resulted in multiple iterations of the coding process with evolvingdialogue regarding the data to ensure that the analysis process maintained credibility andtrustworthiness in the substantive validation process [33]. We continually engaged in self-reflection and conversations regarding our positionality to reinforce ethical validation. Throughthese conversations, we evaluated how our positionality influenced our data analysis and tooksteps to ensure the participants' voices were centered in our minds.Table 3. Finalized list of codes organized based on the processes detailed in expectation statestheory. Theme
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/sunday/the- asian-advantage.html[2] D. E. Naphan-Kingery, M. Miles, A. Brockman, R. McKane, P. Botchway, and E. McGee, “Investigation of an equity ethic in engineering and computing doctoral students,” Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 108, no. 3, pp. 337–354, 2019, doi: 10.1002/jee.20284.[3] National Science Board, “The State of US Science and Engineering 2022,” National Science Foundation, Alexandria, VA, 2022. Accessed: Dec. 02, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://ncses.nsf.gov/indicators[4] L. D. Patton and S. Bondi, “Nice white men or social justice allies?: using critical race theory to examine how white male faculty and administrators engage in ally work,” Race Ethnicity and Education, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 488–514
young folks who are coming to [university] before graduating high school to have some kind of confidence based on the fact that they are smart enough to do that, like that's pretty incredible. But [S2] obviously didn't feel that way.” (S4)S1 discussed how there’s several ways a student can be more competent than others and howthese play into power dynamics of how students view and treat one another, “I think another part in there is competency, whether a student is more competent than another, whether it's in their engineering, or even their own, English or verbal skills or their work ethic, you know. I think there are a lot of, power dynamics there in play where you know, peers can see things differently and
overcome any obstacles that they might havefaced. This is evident when looking for reasons why engineering students drop out. To nosurprise, there are a plethora of pitfalls an individual can make, with no recognition of theinstitutional hurdles that act as gatekeepers in perpetuating the current makeup of engineering as“pale and male” [62, p. 9]. As listed by industry and blogger articles, reasons that students dropout of engineering programs include: poor work ethic, inability to deal with failure, and lackingthe engineering mindset [63]. It is common talk among engineers that when trying to explain the dearth of women andPOC in engineering, meritocracy is used to justify by stating things such as “they aren’t cut outto be an engineer” or
expected to do the work to improve inclusion. The students recommended the creation of aCenter for Engineering Diversity, structured project and lab teams to prevent isolation, strongeralumni/ae relationships, more formal mandatory training for faculty and TAs, teaching empathyand ethics in the first year, and altering syllabi to underline the value of DEI thinking. Thestudents, without faculty intervention, came up with many of the same solutions as have beenseen in the literature [17].MethodsThe complete survey administered to each class at the beginning of the term can be found inAppendix A. This will be referred to as the Before survey for the remainder of the paper.Surveys were distributed via campus email at the beginning of the Fall 2021
Mechanical Engineering from Bahonar University in Iran.Dr. Sreyoshi Bhaduri, ThatStatsGirl Dr. Sreyoshi Bhaduri is an Engineering Educator and People Research Scientist. She employs innovative and ethical mixed-methods research approaches to uncover insights about the 21st century workforce. Sreyoshi has a doctorate in Engineering Education, and Masters degrees in Applied Statistics (M.A.) and Mechanical Engineering (M.S.), from Virginia Tech. She earned her Bachelors degree in Mechatronics Engineering from Manipal University in India. Sreyoshi has been recognized as a Graduate Academy for Teaching Excellence (VTGrATE) Fellow, a Global Perspectives Program (GPP) Fellow, a Diversity scholar, and was inducted in the
transition- ing to an education-focused career track, Melissa taught at Stanford University, Santa Clara University, and Foothill College. These engagements have included courses within and outside the major, aimed at undergraduates at all years, high school students, and working adults. Melissa is now the Science and Engineering Education Fellow (SEEF) for the Bioengineering department, where she works on broader educational research projects and curricular change. Her work includes trying to better understand and support student development as ethical and quantitative thinkers. Through work with Stanford’s Center for Teaching and Learning (CTL), Melissa has also developed diversity and inclusion content for instruc