designed to assist students with self-efficacy beliefs and personal goals.At this University all engineering and computer science students take an introduction toengineering course that covers the engineering process, teamwork, communication skills, thedifferent branches of engineering, ethics, and co-curricular and extracurricular opportunities.Section sizes are ~30 students, so students can build community with peers and their professor.The professor of the Introduction to Engineering course is the academic advisor for his/her set ofstudents. Students declare or confirm their major by the end of the first semester. Resources tohelp students choose a major include laboratories, advisor meetings, student panels, a semester-long team project
choice, but that there can be barriers that confound decision making. For example anindividual’s prior experiences and background (culture, gender, genetic endowment, sociostructuralconsiderations, and disability or health status) impact the nature and range of their career possibilitiesconsidered. In theory, SCCT aims to describe the intersection of self-efficacy beliefs, outcomeexpectations, and goals11. Self-efficacy, defined by Bandura, is one’s own belief about one’s ability toachieve a task12. This derives from four primary sources: performance outcomes, vicarious experiences,verbal persuasion, and physiological experiences. Self-efficacy is a task level theory; it is useful in classsettings where students can perceive separate domains
science courses and their mathematics level was at algebra 1 orlower. It would be years before these underprepared undergraduates would be eligible to taketheir first introduction to engineering course. The lack of academic preparation for theseincoming first-year engineering students presented a formidable problem.We searched for a solution where we could connect directly with the K-12 students. It had toresult in the K-12 students being motivated to complete chemistry, physics, and trigonometry inhigh school. It had to develop the self-efficacy required to continue to pursue a challengingSTEM curriculum. At the university, we had to find a way for Alaska Native and AmericanIndian students to survive and then excel. We needed to develop an
the face of challenges. Beliefs about the nature of intelligence havebeen identified as a key lever across these critical behaviors linked to academic success and life-long learning [3].Beliefs are recognized as powerful sources of behavior and various outcomes, and they are awell-established construct of interest in engineering education research. For example, students’beliefs about their own capabilities, or self-efficacy beliefs are important [4-9], and theycorrelate with retention in educational pursuits [10, 11]. Prior work has shown the importance ofbeliefs held by engineering students about the self (i.e. identity) [12-14] and how those beliefsframe their interactions with others [15]. Theory has been generated that connects
students [27]. The principles ofthe competency-belief component of this theory are similar to Shavelson’s self-concept of ability[28] and Bandura’s self-efficacy construct [29]. While by definition, these three concepts aredifferent, they have proven difficult to isolate empirically [30-34] and are usually measured in thesame manner [27]. Competency beliefs are frequently grounded in self-efficacy theory [22], whichfacilitates the connection between positive feedback and better academic achievement [35]. Valuebeliefs, on the other hand, have been studied less often but are by no means less vital. Whilecompetency beliefs focus on a person’s ability to do a task or engage in an activity, value beliefsfocus on an individual’s desire to engage in an
”responses related to strategies students realize they were not using effectively.A single researcher scored the responses; thus our study did not have the benefit of a more robustreview of the data or the benefit of inter-rater reliability.Conclusion and Implications for Future ResearchWe propose that a course environment that focuses on increasing metacognitive awarenessthrough self-directed learning in individual and collaborative settings may positively impactstudents’ self-efficacy. As students focus on attaining goals that are important to them, in settingswhere the challenge is not beyond their capability, in a social setting that supports persistence,students’ self-efficacy should be enhanced [16]. This is an area ripe for future
-Year EngineeringIt is critical that first-year engineering programs have a plan to assess the objectives and outcomes.Continuous improvement will allow a program to make adjustments along the way to meet theirobjectives and outcomes for students. Recently, Spurzer, Douglas, Folkerts, and Williams (2017)developed an assessment framework for the first-year introduction to engineering courses whichfocuses on student-learning objectives. While this is much needed, there is an opportunity toexpand beyond assessing only student-learning objectives to include student-growth objectives(e.g., motivation, identity, self-efficacy, integration). The term student-growth objective is coinedfrom the ever-expanding research and instruments used to measure
continued to rise andmost first year engineering students were presenting SAT scores well above the nationalaverage, across gender and ethnicities. In addition, the college used validatedinstruments to assess psychological predisposition, which revealed that 95% of the 1styear students in this study consider themselves to be “gritty” and 86% reported verystrong self-efficacy (belief) in their ability and high school math preparation to studyengineering.However, in contradiction to their above average SAT scores, half of the first yearstudents entering Temple Engineering in Fall 2014 and Fall 2015 tested below Calculus I,only 33% had experienced a high school engineering course or activity, less than 33%had a family member in a STEM field, and only
institutions are committed to the intellectual and social growth of students; that is, theyare committed to their education and not just retention.Community BuildingThe ability to successfully adjust to the emotional, cognitive, and social challenges of living onone‟s own for the first time, develop new friends and support networks, examine personal valuesand beliefs, explore various career options, and choose/succeed in a major is dependent on robustself-efficacy.24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34 Self-efficacy is the belief in one‟s ability to organize andexecute courses of action to achieve specific outcomes.24 The rigor of the engineering curriculumaffects self-efficacy appraisals and students‟ choices about persisting in the major, particularlyfor
Page 11.1404.9identified psychological processes (self-efficacy, approach/avoidance behavior, and locus ofcontrol) that facilitate a student’s decision to stay in college or leave, many of which arereflected in these essays. Additionally, some differences were noted between the LLC Teniwestudents themselves and appeared to be aligned by their major. Finally, the essays were minedfor information regarding the students’ perceptions of the LLC program and in essence provideda “student evaluation” for the program.Seminar group 1 summary Common student goals for the year included making friends and getting good grades.Many students felt they had benefited from common living arrangements and campus resourcesprovided by the LLC. Other common
into groups. In Proceedings of Frontiers in Education Conference. Tempe, AZ, USA.4. Oakley, B., Felder, R. M., Brent, R., & Elhajj, I. (2004). Turning student groups into effective teams. Journal of Student Centered Learning, 2(1), 9-34.5. Marra, R.M., Rodgers, K.A., Shen, D., Bogue, B. (2009). Women engineering students and self-efficacy: A multi-year, multi-institution study of women engineering student self-efficacy. Journal of Engineering Education, 98, 27-38.6. Hutchison, M. A., Follman, D. K., Sumpter, M., Bodner, G. M. (2006). Factors influencing the self- efficacy beliefs of first-year engineering students. Journal of Engineering Education, 95, 39-47.7. Okudan, G.E., Horner, D., Bogue, B., & Devon, D. (2002). An
interdisciplinary teams1, 2. As a result, many engineeringprograms now devote a portion of their curriculum to team experiences and buildingcommunication skills. These activities are designed not only to equip students with theinterpersonal skills that they will need in their career, but to build self-efficacy and helpincrease retention3.The Engage program at the University of Tennessee was designed to be an integratedcurriculum that would “continue to teach essential skills, using techniques that improveproblem-solving ability, teach design methodology, and teach teamwork andcommunication skills,”4. The Engage program is a 12 credit hour, two-semester coursethat all first year students are required to take. The program was piloted in the 1997-1998academic
Metacognitive Self-regulation Intrinsic Goal Orientation Extrinsic Goal Orientation Task Value Control of Learning Self-efficacy Test Anxiety Time/Study Management Effort Regulation
Motivation, Self-Efficacy, Self-Determination, Grade Motivation, and CareerMotivation. Glynn and his associates define student motivation to learn science as the “internalstate that arouses, directs, and sustains student behaviors associated with the learning of science[8].Table 1. Student Scores on the SMQ II-Pre & Post TestsTest Students/Scores Intrinsic Self- Self- Grade Career Overall/Raw Motivation Efficacy Determination Motivation Motivation AggregatePre Total # 114 114 114 114 114 Average Score 14.25 14.23 13.64 16.92 15.35 74.39 (n=114) STEMGrow(n=86) 14.63
]found that college students who were high-achieving usually had access to a summer bridgeprogram prior to entering their first year.In the second area, increasing interest in the major [13], [14], improving student sense of belonging[15], [16], [17], increasing student sense of preparedness [17], [18], increasing student self-efficacy [17], [19], and networking with students [20], [21], [22], and faculty [15], [23] can beconsidered as sub-goals. Finally, recruiting students to the majors [13], [14] and enhancingdiversity in the major [15], [24] are considered sub-goals for the third category.This paper presents a detailed report of a Summer Bridge Program (SBP) as a part of an ongoingNational Science Foundation (NSF)-supported project, which
Barriers to LearningAnalytics Adoption in Higher Education. Lester, J., Klein, C., Rangwala, H. & Johri, A. (Eds.).Learning Analytics in Higher Education: Current Innovations, Future Potential, and PracticalApplications. Routledge, NY, pp. 1-19.Karim, S., & Kandy, M. (2011). Time management skills impact on self-efficacy and academicperformance. Journal of American Science, 7(12), 720-726.Kearns, H., & Gardiner, M. (2007). Is it time well spent? The relationship between timemanagement behaviours, perceived effectiveness and work-related morale and distress in auniversity context. Higher Education Research & Development, 26(2), 235-247.Khatib, A. (2014). Time management and its relation to students' stress, gender and
an understanding of students' chemistry education backgroundas well as their intent of study to be able to analyze the results based on their majors (majors willbe clustered and included in the drop-down list). The questions related to motivation assessmentare selected from the attached reference to mainly focus on the three factors of motivation: self-efficacy (Q4 and 5), active learning strategies (Q6-8), and science learning value (Q9-11). Q11looks particularly at whether the response is major-dependent. The questions with the highestloading of these three factors have been chosen. Moreover, to ensure the survey quality, a reversequestion has also been included (Q5).Voluntary Qualtrics surveys containing an informed consent statement were
. There are many activities in collegebesides academics such as sports, parties, and social life in general. These extracurricular(social) activities may come in the way of students’ academic work and jeopardize theirperformance. However, according to research on self-regulated learning, students who exerciseself-regulated learning strategies in the midst of all distractions are more likely to succeed intheir academic endeavors. 13Four items in the instrument assessed classroom engagement. These items dealt with doinghomework, assignment completion prior to class, studying, and taking notes in class.Self-regulated learning was assessed with self-regulated learning subscale from Bandura’sMultidimensional Scales of Perceived Self-Efficacy developed
underrepresentedminorities derive greater benefit from models that involve social and networkinginformation in addition to more mechanistic career development information (e.g.,Learning to negotiate the politics of an organization as well as understanding thesteps to advancement) 11,12,8.Ongoing research on mentoring identifies and investigates a broader range ofmodels. Chesler and Chesler 6, a team comprising sociology and engineeringexpertise, investigate how existing gender roles and dynamics impact the creationof effective mentoring programs. They report that a prevalent model, the HeroicJourney, emphasizes organizational and technical information and guidance butneglect psychosocial issues such as self-efficacy or sense of belonging. This isimportant because
self-efficacy, sense of belonging, identification and identityintegration. Often, negative experiences are the result of subtle bias or schemas that all studentsbring with them into their teams, and occur despite the employment of best practices in teamformation.This paper presents a summary of a contemporary understanding of this phenomenon aspresented by several individual researchers covering the fields of stereotype threat, engineeringdesign, teamwork, motivation, and race, gender and their intersections. The content of this paperwas generated by collecting the individual responses of each researcher to a set of promptsincluding: • examples of how students can be marginalized in engineering teamwork and what governing
financial pressures). Hutchison, Follman, Sumpter, and Bodner6found that student retention was greatly impacted by students’ self-efficacy, which in turn wasimpacted by factors such as motivation, understanding of material, and social influences(including peers and faculty). Finally, Bernold, Spurlin, and Anson3 found that persistence inengineering is related to both student learning styles and study habits, as well as teachingmethodologies.Adding to the existing body of literature, ASEE’s publication on best practices in engineeringretention1 highlighted the wide range of programs that universities have developed in reaction tothe various issues that affect student persistence. Almost half of the universities profiled in thepublication had some
), 525-548.[4] Mamaril, N. A., Usher, E. L., Li, C. R., Economy, D. R. & Kennedy, M. S. (2016). Measuring undergraduate students' engineering self-efficacy: A validation study. Journal of Engineering Education, 105(2), 366–395.[5] Thaler, R. & Sunstein, C. (2008). Nudge: Improving decisions about health, wealth and happiness. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
engineering. Participation in pre-college engineering classes has been positivelyassociated with engineering self-efficacy,7 and research on the effects of participation in ProjectLead The Way suggests that students are more likely to pursue STEM degrees and, in limitedcircumstances, may have higher GPAs than students who did not participate in these classes.8K-12 and higher education institutions both need information on the effects of pre-collegeengineering programs on undergraduate engineering students. The persistence and grades ofstudents that have participated in K-12 engineering programs and continued on to study incollege engineering programs are possible measurable outcomes of K-12 engineering educationprograms. The NSF, the Department of
sense of belongingwith their selected major and college (Good, Rattan, & Dweck, 2012). Indeed, feelings ofbelonging are related to overall well-being (Ryan & Deci, 2000) as well as higher levels ofacademic self-efficacy and motivation (Freeman, Anderman, & Jensen, 2007). It is particularlyconcerning that students who belong to groups that are underrepresented in engineering feel lessconnected with their major, which is also generally related to problems with adjustment to thecollege environment (Dennis, Phinney, & Chuateco, 2005). To address the issues of retention inengineering majors, many colleges and universities have implemented programs to supportstudents in their first year (Purdie & Rosser, 2011). This paper will
existence and influence of motivation have been studied in numerousenvironments including, notably, academic settings. Strong correlations have been foundbetween a person’s motivational state and short, medium, and long-term outcomes suchas performance, satisfaction, and persistence - three goals central to pedagogicalrefinement and revision. Specifically, research conducted over the past three decadesstrongly suggests that motivations are tightly linked to outcomes such as self-efficacy,critical thinking, creativity, self-regulation, and pro-social behavior2-8 - goals that areidentified as critical to the professional success, and in particular, to the success of STEMgraduates.9-13One useful framework for characterizing the dynamics of motivation
• I am confident with Precalculus • I am confident with Calculus • I enjoy math • I can apply my math skills to computing and engineering projectsThe post-bootcamp survey included these same ratings so we could investigate potential changesin their attitudes. Fourteen (n=14) of the seventeen bootcamp participants (82%) completed bothsurveys and consented to include their data in our formative assessment. We performed aWilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test to compare pre- and post-bootcamp ratings to test the hypothesisthat the bootcamp would improve students’ self-efficacy. Table 1 shows the mean (M) andstandard deviation (sd) for each item’s rating, as well as the p-value of the hypothesis test.Overall, the average
pursue undergraduate degrees in STEM fields, and have slightlyhigher undergraduate grade point averages6, while evaluations of FIRST Robotics programs haveshown similar outcomes7,8. One of the few studies exploring the effects of a wide range of pre-college engineering activities measured significantly higher engineering self-efficacy amongstudents who had participated in pre-college engineering classes or had engineering-relatedhobbies9. Overall, relatively little work has been done to broadly understand the effects of pre-college engineering participation on the experiences and success of university engineeringstudents, resulting in limited theory to guide the understanding of this experience.To address these limitations, we developed a
provide a general overview of student perceptions, the questions on theevaluation fail to address some interesting aspects of student motivation and choice. To addressthis shortcoming, a survey instrument was created and implemented in paper form at the end ofthe Winter 2011 semester in 9 of 11 sections of the course offered that semester, with usableresponses from 420 students (of 499 students enrolled in these sections). Responses wereanonymous and participation was encouraged, but voluntary. The collected data was analyzed inaggregate to determine how students were selecting their section of Engineering 100 and toassess their perceptions of the impact of the specific course they had just completed on theirsense of self-efficacy as an engineer
. However, point values wereincreased for the second Cohort and the data remained collapsible.Finally, it is possible that the measures used in the present investigation are not actuallypredictive of persistence in an engineering program, and therefore the null result we founddepicts the true state of reality. There are myriad components to self-regulation beyond thesubset chosen for this study. For example, self-efficacy, or the personal belief that one can orcannot accomplish particular tasks in particular domains, has been linked to academic outcomes[16], as have implicit theories regarding the source of one’s intelligence in subsequentimplications for outcomes [17, 18]. Nelson and colleagues incorporated knowledge building andclass goal
earned afirst-year GPA less than 2.000. In their conclusions, Zhang et al. stated, “We hypothesize thecausal link that student self-efficacy improves with academic success and self-efficacy lead toimproved retention.”6 In contrast, the Seymour and Hewitt study found no strong relationshipbetween academic performance and retention in STEM programs.7Within engineering, Calculus I is considered a gateway course to success in engineering. Correctplacement into either Pre-Calculus or Calculus I has received substantial research. Because of thecalculus content in the majority of engineering courses, successful completion of Calculus I, witha very good to excellent understanding of the calculus concepts is important for other courses inthe freshman