Conference Session

Methods, Techniques, and New Programs in Graduate Education

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michele L. Strutz, Purdue University, West Lafayette; James Edwin Cawthorne Jr., Purdue University, West Lafayette; Daniel Michael Ferguson, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Mark T. Carnes, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Matthew W. Ohland, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

andpractical experiences of focusing on setting objectives and accomplishing goals. This habitus-based focus that the professionally-experienced non-traditional students described wastransferred and utilized in their graduate school experience. Abigail feels strongly about herfocus and compares her level of focus to her peers when she claims, I have a focus probably that a lot of students don‟t have. I know why I‟m here. – AbigailEthan specifically discusses his direction of his research, and from his prior experience, knewthat it involved ethics. He states, I didn‟t have it necessarily formed to the level it was when it got bound into a document as a dissertation, but I had an idea of what I wanted to do for my research

Conference Session

Graduate Studies Division Poster Session

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Julie A. Dickerson, Iowa State University; Theodore (Ted) J. Heindel, Iowa State University; Carolyn J. Lawrence-Dill, Iowa State University; Patrick S. Schnable, Iowa State University; Jill Wittrock, University of Northern Iowa; Mary E. Losch, University of Northern Iowa

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

Genomics Working with genomic databases 3 Measuring genomic data Visit to on-campus sequencing and flow cytometry facilities 4 Data Carpentry Workshop Basics of using R, a statistical computing language 5 Plant development and basic plant Macro- and micro-dissection of major plant research anatomy species 6 Research Ethics and Field trip to local company Communications 7 Data Mining Finding, downloading, and cleaning data sets 8 Machine Learning Making inferences using data sets 9 Plant Physiology Trip to

Conference Session

Design and Implementation of Graduate Education

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ben D. Radhakrishnan, National University

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

knowledge and methods required to evaluate sustainability concepts and systems. • Design, manufacture, and manage processes in an environmentally conducive manner. • Analyze engineering and management problems in their social and environmental context. • Develop economic, environmental, and social sound sustainable decisions. • Evaluate the impact of products, processes, and activities through life cycle assessment. • Develop written communication skills required for this profession. • Demonstrate professional, legal, and ethical responsibility in decision making practicesPLOs clearly enunciate both the technical and the management skills needed to be a leader in anorganization. The objective of

Conference Session

Improved Pathways to Graduate Studies

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Carol S. Gattis, University of Arkansas; Manuel D. Rossetti P.E., University of Arkansas; Kim LaScola Needy P.E., University of Arkansas; Edgar C. Clausen, University of Arkansas; Wenjuo Lo, University of Arkansas

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

provides enrichment activities geared towardcreating awareness plus developing interest and providing logistical information about graduateschool. For example, workshops include topics on developing research skills, general graduateschool information, the Graduate Record Examination (GRE), research ethics andprofessionalism, and communicating research. Additional workshops are geared towardundergraduate student retention for expanding the pool of potential graduate students. Facultymentor the students in developing graduate school applications their senior year. Students arealso provided tools to help them obtain internships and undergraduate research experiences. AllSIIRE students have financial need, and scholarships are provided through an NSF

Conference Session

Online and Professional Graduate Programs

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

James Nevin McKirahan Jr., Indiana State University; A. Mehran Shahhosseini, Indiana State University; M. Affan Badar, Indiana State University

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

the bachelors’ degree [9].In the Ph.D. in Technology Management program, a student is required to take courses from thefollowing areas:  General Technology Core (12 credit hours)  Major Area of Specialization (18 credit hours)  Professional studies (9 credit hours)  Research Core (9 credit hours)  Foundational Studies at Master’s level (minimum of 17 credit hours)  Dissertation Research (18 minimum credit hours)General Technology Core coursework is designed to enhance effective communication,collaboration, and management strategies. Additionally, this coursework serves to fosterextensive understanding of legal and ethical issues associated to technology use which candevelop as a result of federal and governmental

Conference Session

Pedagogy and Teaching Preparation in Graduate Programs

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Locke Davenport Huyer, University of Toronto; Neal I. Callaghan, University of Toronto; Dawn M. Kilkenny, University of Toronto

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

opportunity to collect anonymous stakeholderfeedback (i.e., survey data) and grade data (i.e., deliverable scores and attendance) for thepurpose of studying the impact of this teaching and learning model. Working with the FacultyAdvisor, ethics approvals have been obtained from both the University of Toronto HealthSciences Research Ethics Board (Protocol # 34825) and the Toronto District School BoardExternal Research Review Committee (Protocol # 2017-2018-20). To date, data has beenanalyzed for dissemination of findings to relevant communities of practice, including theAmerican Society for Engineering Education (2018), the Biomedical Engineering Society(Education section; 2017-2019), and the Canadian Engineering Education Association (2017

Conference Session

Exploration of Trends in Engineering Education

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Manoj K. Jha, Morgan State University; Reginald Amory, Morgan State University

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

Values and Ethical Issues in the Graduate Education of Scien-tists and Engineers. The survey included 1,440 respondents selected randomly from ninety-ninedepartments of chemistry, civil engineering, microbiology, and sociology in major research uni-versities in the U.S. Students were asked to report their level of agreement with 5 questions. Theresults of the survey suggested that there was room for improvement in doctoral programs, bothacademically and socially. Page 25.599.4In a similar vein as the main objective of this paper Crede and Borrego5 argued that If the U.S.was to remain a globally recognized source of technological and scientific

Conference Session

Research and Graduate Studies

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alexandra Coso Strong, Georgia Institute of Technology; Rachel A. Louis, Virginia Tech; Jeremi S. London, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Ida B. Ngambeki, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Brook Sattler, University of Washington

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

. These four were that (1) collaborationsshould not be stressful, (2) the time requirements should be reasonably low, (3) all thecollaborators should have clear roles in the project, and (4) all the collaborators should live up totheir commitments. In order to achieve these ideal collaborations, seven factors were identifiedas being most important, namely: (1) compatible interests/passions; (2) shared goals; (3)complimentary skills; (4) compatible personalities; (5) compatible work ethic; (6) a sharedunderstanding of rigor; and (7) a desire to learn from each other (see Figure 3). Common to theseseven factors was the notion of sharing and compatibility. Factors most important for a

Conference Session

Mentoring Graduate Students, Diversity, and Assessment

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joy L. Colwell, Purdue University, Calumet; Jana Whittington, Purdue University, Calumet; Carl F. Jenks, Purdue University, Calumet

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies, Minorities in Engineering

AC 2011-242: WRITING CHALLENGES FOR GRADUATE STUDENTSIN ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGYJoy L Colwell, Purdue University, Calumet (Tech) Joy L. Colwell, J.D., is an Associate Professor of Organizational Leadership and Supervision and Director of Graduate Studies at Purdue University Calumet. She regularly teaches graduate courses in Leadership and Ethics and the Directed MS Project for the MS in Technology program at PUC.Jana Whittington, Purdue University Calumet Jana Whittington has a Ph.D. in education with a specialization in instructional design and online learn- ing. Additionally Jana has a MA in studio art and humanities, BFA in painting, and AA in graphic design. She has taught a variety of courses for 15+ years

Conference Session

Discipline Specific Topics and Techniques

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mandy Wheadon, Purdue University; Nathalie Duval-Couetil, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Career preparation and planning 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Intellectual Property Management 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Entrepreneurship 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Ethics 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Conference Session

Improving the Teaching Skills of Graduate Students

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Maura Borrego, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

andphysical objects; scientific computation; algorithm development, computer implementation andapplication; documentation; ethics; and professionalism. This course also introduces the various Page 13.237.3engineering majors to aid in major selection. Topics included in the second semester designcourse are: the engineering design cycle; patent application and search; basic projectmanagement; written and oral communications; computer assisted design and analysis; graphicscommunication; and working in a team environment. The second semester digital courseincludes: the engineering design cycle; patent application and search; basic project management

Conference Session

Measuring Success of Graduate Program Components

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gerald Crain, University of Oklahoma; James Sluss, University of Oklahoma; Monte Tull, University of Oklahoma; Samuel Lee, University of Oklahoma

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

” c) learn to communicate with the public and other scholars regarding knowledge, outcomes, standards, products, ethics and behaviors”3) Demonstrate evidence a) learn to engage in intellectual discourse with others in theof Scholarly Study” discipline b) learn to identify and to acquire specialized knowledge needed for particular applications” c) learn to organize core knowledge, strategies, collegial associations and intellectual processes to solve problems”The faculty and the program administration combine to strategically implement the secondObjective. The Director, the Graduate Committee and

Conference Session

New Trends in Graduate Engineering Education

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joy Colwell, Purdue University, Calumet

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

and run classes with aminimum number of students as total enrollment has increased, there are still low enrollmentcourses in some of the focus areas.In order to address some of the enrollment management issues, suggested electives wereapproved by the Graduate Education Committee. The suggested electives designated were thosecourses which were deemed to be good rounding courses for almost every technology area. Thethree suggested electives were Project Management, Leadership and Ethics, and Technologyfrom a Global Perspective. Having three agreed-upon technical electives allows some degree ofenrollment management. Students are told that the suggested electives are suggested and notrequired, and in fact some do include other electives in their

Conference Session

The Care and Keeping of Graduate Students - GSD Tech Session 6

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Catherine G.P. Berdanier, Pennsylvania State University; Katy Luchini-Colbry, Michigan State University

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies, New Engineering Educators

challenges students may experience during the transition to graduate school and getting started in coursework and research activities  Communication strategies for working with colleagues from different backgrounds, experiences and disciplines  Balancing academic, research and personal responsibilities  Research ethics and responsible research practices for the mentor’s discipline4. ConclusionThrough the proposed activities which are grounded in best practices as well as multiple theories,participants will come out of this interactive panel discussion with draft versions of researchgroup charters, plans to enact mentorship contracts, and knowledge gained from other earlycareer faculty through case studies and group

Conference Session

Professionalism and Preparations Developed by Graduate Study Programs—Graduate Studies Division Technical Session 7

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Valerie N. Streets, University of Tulsa; Bradley J. Brummel, University of Tulsa; Michael Wade Keller, University of Tulsa; Rami M. Younis, The University of Tulsa

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. He conducts research on training and development with a specific focus on professional development, ethics, and coaching.Dr. Michael Wade Keller, University of Tulsa Michael Keller is an associate professor of mechanical engineering at the university of tulsa. His research and teaching interests are in solid mechanics, both experimental and theoretical, and materials science.Rami M. Younis, The University of Tulsa c American Society for Engineering Education, 2017Fostering Graduate Student Professionalism Using Developmental Coaching Techniques Fostering Graduate Student Professionalism Using Developmental Coaching TechniquesIntroductionGovernment agencies

Conference Session

Developing Teaching and Mentoring Skills

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Donald P. Visco Jr., University of Akron; Nidaa Makki; Esther R. Wain-Weiss, Universtiy of Akron

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

qualitativefeedback. When asked about the most impactful elements of the program, four participantsspecifically mentioned active learning, three listed writing objectives and general teaching skills.Less frequently mentioned were teaching experience (2), ethical issues and discipline (2) andtechnology (1).Table 1-Summary of survey results (N=6)As a result of my participation in the Doctoral SD D Neither A SATeaching Program in Engineering, I am prepared to: N=61. Write learning objectives for a course 0% 0% 0% 33% 67%2. Implement active learning into a course 0% 0% 0% 17

Conference Session

Innovative Graduate Programs and Methods, Developing Master's & Ph.D. Programs and Graduate Teaching Assistants

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Saeed D. Foroudastan, Middle Tennessee State University; Karly Anne Danhausen, Middle Tennessee State University; Chelsea Rae Nihill, Middle Tennessee State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

industries. This encourages toursto be organized for students to learn what different industries focus on and if they are interestedin that line of work. It is also an opportunity for students that participate in the tours to observeand take note of professional skills and conduct in the workplace.ResultsBefore the student can graduate with an MSPS degree, the student must complete a 250-hourinternship with a business that is related to their field of study. This internship replaces thetraditional thesis requirement. While a thesis teaches the student work ethic and proper researchskills, it lacks providing the student much needed hands-on experience he/she receives from realworld industry exposure.3 Students develop problem-solving skills that can

Conference Session

Improving the Teaching Skills of Graduate Students

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Adam Melvin, North Carolina State University; Lisa Bullard, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

of the course. Theaddition of more TAs is both a gift and curse because it provides more manpower to pick up theresponsibilities of the course. More personnel also adds a new dynamic, namely, group work.As engineers we encourage group work, due to its obvious benefits6,7. As every undergradengineer learns, working in a group can also be very difficult due to the varying personalities andwork ethics of the group members. These same challenges extend to working in a team of TAs. • Delegate course responsibilities equally emphasizing that each team member reserves an equal share of the work • Assign tasks based on each members strengths

Conference Session

Professional Graduate Education & Industry

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mark Schuver, Purdue University; Mark Smith, Rochester Institute of Technology; Duane Dunlap, Western Carolina University; Donald Keating, University of South Carolina; Thomas Stanford, University of South Carolina; Joseph Tidwell, Boeing Co.

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

supportive learning environment: ethic of cooperative support between participants, faculty, and administration; strengthened by social gatherings and informal discussions outside the classroom; a trusting environment for students to challenge and consider alternative perspectives, and engage in new learning activities. • Immersion-type experiences for students (and faculty) to work closely and build camaraderie and provide a forum to develop cohort groups, nurtured by an environment of continual interaction (classroom, lunch discussions, intensive team-based projects, external organized activities such as business trips). • Committed students with diverse backgrounds and experiences. Listening to and

Conference Session

Mentoring Graduate Students

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ronald Kane, New Jersey Institute of Technology; Clarisa Gonzalez-Lenahan, New Jersey Institute of Technology; Michael Kerley, New Jersey Institute of Technology; Jerome Paris, New Jersey Institute of Technology; Janet Bodner, New Jersey Institute of Technology; Ronald Rockland, New Jersey Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

Learning Assistance Program at NJIT. She is active, and a former Board Member, in the Hispanic Association for Higher Education (HAHE) and has presented at previous ASEE meetings.Michael Kerley, New Jersey Institute of Technology Dr. Michael Kerley has been a professor at NJIT for the past eleven years. He currently is Coordinator of The Teaching Assistant Instructional Program (primarily for International students), and also teaches Engineering Ethics, Technical Writing, Oral Presentations each semester. Dr. Kerley’s background is in Theatre and Media Education, having his Masters Degree in Theatre Directing from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and his doctorate in

Conference Session

Methods, Techniques and New Programs in Graduate Education

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hetal Jasani, Northern Kentucky University; Traian Marius Truta, Northern Kentucky University

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

3CIT 594 - Intermediate Graduate Topics: Computer Information Technology 3CIT 599 - Intermediate Independent Study 1-3CSC 507 - Concepts of Programming Languages 3CSC 533 - Computer Networks 3CSC 550 - Database Management Systems 3CSC 582 - Computer Security 3PHI 510 - Ethics in Information Technology 3Advanced Elective Courses CreditsCIT 630 - Advanced Computer Forensics 3CIT 637 - Wireless Networks

Conference Session

Mentoring Graduate Students, Diversity, and Assessment

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Carla Purdy, University of Cincinnati

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

experience.Modifications since its inception include an additional one-quarter seminar on advancedteaching techniques which includes information on subjects such as Bloom's taxonomy,ABET, adding practical ethics instruction to engineering courses, and proposal-writingfocused on an REU application, as well as more information in the job search seminar onhow to establish and maintain a successful career and how to continue to identifymentors. Lee, Papautsky, and Purdy have provided a description of the current PFF inEngineering program12. Page 15.532.4In addition, better synchronization with UC's university-wide PFF program has beenachieved. Two significant differences

Conference Session

Professional Graduate Education and Industry

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Carla C. Purdy, University of Cincinnati; Xuefu Zhou, University of Cincinnati

Tagged Divisions

College Industry Partnerships, Graduate Studies

participants for professional success in the engineering field.Current ProgramOur current program consists of three seminars--Modern Teaching Techniques, AdvancedTeaching Techniques, and the Academic Profession--together with a 10-hour mentored teachingexperience. Participants also have the option of completing additional mentoring hours andearning a PFF certificate from the associated university-level PFF program. Since most of ourPh.D. students do little teaching during their time at UC, the program was designed to providebasic skills for organizing class materials, delivering content, and evaluating students, exposureto active learning techniques, discussion of engineering-related topics such as project and teammanagement, ethics in engineering

Conference Session

Methods, Techniques, and New Programs in Graduate Education

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Roobik Gharabagi, Saint Louis University; Huliyar S. Mallikarjuna, Saint Louis University; David E. Webb, Saint Louis University

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

, and Global Issues in Sustainability 3 Sustainable Enterprise 3 Urban Engineering 3 TOTAL CAREER TRACK HOURS 12 Table 2: Engineering and Technology Track Course Title - Choose 4 courses Credit Hours Sample of Business courses Strategy and Sustainability 3 Legal, Ethical and Professional Environment of Business 3 Project Management

Conference Session

Graduate Education in ETD

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mitchell L. Springer P.M.P., S.P.H.R., Purdue University, West Lafayette; Gary R. Bertoline, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology, Graduate Studies

-subordinate relationships. Underlying this skill set are skills depicted below:  Human resources  Motivational Page 25.217.9  Conflict management  Negotiation  Ethics  Change management  Group dynamics  InterpersonalSome of the skills defined as “leadership” may be more appropriately categorized as“management” skills. It is not the intent of this paper to debate or differentiate the definition ofleadership versus management, as others have long since discovered this as an effort in futilitygiven the current and continuing controversy11. It is more important in defining the body ofknowledge for technology

Conference Session

Professional Aspects of Graduate Engineering Programs

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Monica Farmer Cox, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Jiabin Zhu, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Jeremi S. London, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Benjamin Ahn, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Ana T. Torres-Ayala, University of South Florida; Kavitha D. Ramane, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

setting and academia settings. A recurring theme included participantswanting to see more rigor in academia to make sure that engineering graduate programs producehigher quality engineering Ph.D.s. What follows is a summary of their recommendations forinstitutions:  Provide explicit ethics instruction  Enforce high qualifying exam standards  Develop a high quality graduate curriculum  Emphasize rigor in both oral and written communication  Avoid grade inflation at the undergraduate level  Have students work on problems with breadth and depth  Teach students to solve engineering problemsThese respondents also recommended that the government provide more resources for graduateeducation.DiscussionMany of the

Conference Session

Educating Students for Professional Success

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David F. Ollis, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies, New Engineering Educators, Student

department initiated an independent research propositioncourse for all first year PhD candidates. Student performance in this spring semesterthree unit course was treated as a graduate qualifier exam, and both students and facultyhave been supportive of this requirement, as summarized earlier1. Over the last decade, our first year approach to research education hasbroadened. Peter Kilpatrick added a one unit fall course, Introduction to Research, aprofessional development course including research ethics, presentations, andpublications. While these two courses were satisfying as stand-alone efforts, recentfaculty and graduate student sentiment pushed for an earlier engagement of student withresearch advisor, PhD committee, and research itself

Conference Session

Graduate Education Model, Industry and Practitioner Experience - Graduate Studies Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Diane L. Peters, Kettering University; Molly H. Goldstein, Purdue University, West Lafayette (College of Engineering); Joanne Lax, Purdue University, West Lafayette (College of Engineering)

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

skills with various types of tools and equipment.13 They tendto have better time management skills than younger students14, greater ethical awareness12, and ahigher work ethic and motivation level.12,13They do face certain challenges, though, due to their non-traditional pathways. They may havechallenges in finding the appropriate graduate program, navigating the admission process, andsecuring funding, since they have been out of the university environment and immersed in adifferent environment.2,15 Once these students are admitted, they may find that they need torefresh their knowledge of higher-level mathematics and learn new computer programs.9Furthermore, they may need to deal with personal and family responsibilities that youngerstudents do

Conference Session

Professional Skills for Graduate Students

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Prasun Lala, École de Technologie Supérieure; Félix Langevin Harnois, École de Technologie Supérieure; Ghizlane El Boussaidi, École de Technologie Supérieure; Christian Desrosiers, École de Technologie Supérieure; Catherine Laporte, École de Technologie Supérieure

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2018 Providing sustainable scientific writing support for graduate engineering students by creating a local scientific learning communityNotesNote that the first two authors contributed equally to this manuscript. Also note that this studyreceived ethics approval from the ethics board of our institution to gather data from ourparticipants from voluntary, anonymous, online surveys.AbstractObjectives: Provide sustainable support to graduate students that are writing scientific texts,while breaking their sense of isolationGraduate students share the results of their scientific research mainly by writing and publishingscientific papers. To

Conference Session

Graduate Student Needs and Experiences, Exploring Graduate Funding and Undergraduate Research Experiences

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Erika Mosyjowski, University of Michigan; Shanna R. Daly, University of Michigan; Diane L. Peters, Kettering University; Steven J. Skerlos, University of Michigan; Megan Kaczanowski, University of Michigan

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

existing knowledge, identifying and accessing appropriate resources and other sources of relevant information and critically analyzing and evaluating one’s own findings and those of others  Master application of existing research methodologies, techniques, and technical skills  Communicate in a style appropriate to the discipline7The University of Virginia cites the importance of many similar skills for their graduate studentsacross disciplines and to these lists adds the ability to deal with ambiguity, to reach and defendconclusions, ethics and integrity, leadership, seeing a project through from inception tocompletion, being self-motivated, and demonstrating strategic