Conference Session

Engineering Education in the Middle East and Technology Exploration in Africa and Developing Countries

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Muhammad Ali, University of Florida; Fazil T. Najafi, University of Florida

Tagged Divisions

International

23.37.4Data Collection:Pedestrian and vehicle flow models are the most integral part of this project. Therefore, datacollection for flow modeling is critical. Microscopic flow is modeled by the use of timeheadways. Pedestrian Data CollectionPedestrian data is collected for peak hour to analyze the situation for most critical condition.Two types of data sets are collected during pedestrian data collection; time headwaysbetween pedestrians arriving at unsignalized pedestrian cross walk and the waiting time ofpedestrian at cross walk. Vehicular data collectionVehicular time headways are measured along with their classifications as if they followedlane behavior i.e. all vehicular headways are measured that completely or partially lie in thespecific

Conference Session

Developing International Engineering Research, Course Enhancement, Leadership of, and Online Engineering Education

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ali Mehrabian, Daytona State College; Walter W. Buchanan, Texas A&M University; Alireza Rahrooh, Daytona State College

Tagged Divisions

International

Physical Experiments: Application within A Laboratory Course,” AmericanSociety for Engineering Education (ASEE) Annual Conference, Chicago, IL.[2] King, B., McCausland, H. and Nunan, T. (2001) “Converting To Online Course And Program Delivery: The UniversityOf South Australia Case Study,” International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning: 1, 2.http://www.icaap.org/iuicode?149.1.2.7[3] Mehrabian, A., Alvarado, K., and Nahmens, I., (2007). “Application of Technology in Project-based DistanceLearning,” EISTA 2007, Orlando, FL.[4] Nunan, T. (2000). “Exploring the concept of flexibility,” In V. Jakupec & J. Garrick, J. (Eds.), Flexible learning, andhuman resource development (pp. 47-66). London: Routledge.[5] Bates, A.W., & Poole

Conference Session

Study Abroad, International Exchange Programs, and Student Engagements

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jose del Carmen Chin Vera; Aurelio Lopez-Malo, Universidad de las Américas, Puebla; Enrique Palou, Universidad de las Américas, Puebla

Tagged Divisions

International

developed in order for students to try (play) before going tothe lab and test their hypothesis. The Food Analysis Simulator (FAS) was developed using aconstructivist perspective, in which students are “learning while having fun”4. Constructivismtheoretical perspective is the belief that knowledge is constructed not transmitted, and thatlearners play an active role in the learning process. Students can learn in a relaxed and funenvironment without having the feeling of begin evaluated, and they can make mistakes andlearn from them, using the feedback of the FAS immediately. The elements of constructivismincluded in this project are assessment of previous knowledge, flexible learning, creative

Conference Session

Collaborations, Accreditation and Articulation Issues for International Engineering Education

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Morteza Sadat-Hossieny, Northern Kentucky University; Elizabeth Leibach, Northern Kentucky University

Tagged Divisions

International

projects in other countries. NKU should work with these companies to learn howto expand its horizon and in turn, produce graduates who are truly versatile and effectivelyfunctioning in various environments.In an effort to help carry out this mission, NKU created an International Education Councilconsisting of faculty, staff and students. In addition, all international travel authorizations areprocessed through the Center. This enables the Center to leverage current faculty time abroad tosupport international efforts and planning already taking place on campus. Faculty are invited tomake visits to potential university partners, help establish individual exchange cohorts, and meetwith government agencies that sponsor fully funded international

Conference Session

Qualitative Research Programs & International Research Experience from Around the World

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kevin Kelly, Dublin Institute of Technology; Brian Bowe, Dublin Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

International

be professional engineers. These include scientific andmathematical theory, engineering applications, design and problem-solving skills,communication skills and so on. The development of research skills and an understandingof research methods is often assumed to be inherent in the scientific and technicalmodules and is often explicitly learned in research methods or research design courses.At graduate level, and to a lesser but growing extent at undergraduate level, programsinclude projects that require advanced research skills and a thorough understanding of theresearch methods, from data acquisition, data analysis, sample size, validity and so on.The research found within engineering programs tends to grounded firmly in thepositivist

Conference Session

A Global Engineer: International and Domestic Engineer

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Charles Pezeshki, Washington State University

Tagged Divisions

International

into a given corporateculture. Basic things like organization charts are readily available, as well as penaltiesfor talking across hierarchical silos. An organization that is a rigid hierarchy will alsolikely possess an organizational chart, because that chart alone will be important for theindividuals in the organization to show their status relative to other individuals. Anorganization without an organizational chart is probably more of a performance-basedorganization than one with one. An organization that only organizes on a project-levelbasis might even be more relationally sophisticated than any as it lets the needs of a givenproject dictate structure.Identification of community resources inside a company also allow an individual

Conference Session

Opportunities and Challenges in Developing International Engineering Research

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Zenaida Otero Gephardt, Rowan University; Gisela Coto Quintana, SINAES; Maria M. Larrondo Petrie, Florida Atlantic University; Oscar Harasic, Organization of American States; Ivan Esparragoza, Pennsylvania State University

Tagged Divisions

International

criteria. For the purposes of this workshop, ABET criteria were used. The workshop was composed of more than 65% interactive team-based assessment exercises. Faculty and administrators had the opportunity to discuss assessment vehicles, criteria and methodologies. Presentations of assessment methodologies and accreditation procedures from ACAAI(Central America) and from the Regional Engineering Accreditation System for the Greater Caribbean Project were also part of this workshop.The cost of the workshop was $3000 and 50 participants representing 15 countries attended. AnAccreditation Committee of fifteen members was formed as a result of this workshop and a VicePresident for Accreditation was elected. The subsequent three

Conference Session

International Poster Session

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alireza Rahrooh, Daytona State College ; Robert De la Coromoto Koeneke, Daytona State College; Walter W. Buchanan, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

International

programmed to provide a stable system responseunder various disturbance conditions.This paper presents a fluid level system to be modeled and controlled utilizing A Self-tuningcontroller to improve the output response to a step input. The digital controller will provide therequired output with variations in a single plant parameter. A fully adaptive controller will thenbe implemented using PC Matlab to allow for any of the plant parameters to vary and stillmaintain a suitable output. This concept can be used in Senior Design Project Course as well asin Master Programs in developing nations with limited resources.The popularity of the PID controller and the increased use of microprocessors have led to adigital version of the algorithm for use in

Conference Session

Preparing Engineers for the Global Workplace and Successful Graduates for a Flat World: What Does It Take?

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lueny Morell, Hewlett-Packard; Martina Trucco, Hewlett-Packard; Rich Friedrich, Hewlett Packard

Tagged Divisions

International

wins a post doc position. After 2-3 years working in a Research Lab D where she is part of developing and transferring ideas to business, she joins Tech University W, where she reforms the Mechanical Engineering program to address critical skills and competencies related to skills needed for international collaboration and entrepreneurship. She designs a new elective track for students for technology based entrepreneurship.VIII. Assessing Outcomes The ASEE-NSF Corporate Research Post Doctoral Fellowship Program opened its website late December 2009. As of March 12, 2010, 47 corporate research labs had posted research project opportunities and hundreds of

Conference Session

International Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Audra N. Morse, Texas Tech University

Tagged Divisions

International

individually, via information sessions and orientations on:  Alumni’s request that our students have more international exposure when entering the work force.  How highly skilled workers are at the fore-front of the global economy and are requested by their employers to take on international assignments and projects at a higher rate than lower skilled workers.  How engineering is a global and diverse discipline. Even if graduates are based in the US they will likely be working on an international team.  How the challenges of studying, working or volunteering internationally will lead to increased independence, maturity and perspective.A big part of student motivation is peer outreach. The Director of

Conference Session

International Collaborations

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ashish Agrawal, Virginia Tech; Lisa D. McNair, Virginia Tech; Marie C. Paretti, Virginia Tech

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

International

. McNair, Virginia Tech Lisa D. McNair is a Professor of Engineering Education at Virginia Tech, where she also serves as Director of the Center for Research in SEAD Education at the Institute for Creativity, Arts, and Technology (ICAT). Her research interests include interdisciplinary collaboration, design education, communication studies, identity theory and reflective practice. Projects supported by the National Science Foundation include exploring disciplines as cultures, liberatory maker spaces, and a RED grant to increase pathways in ECE for the professional formation of engineers.Dr. Marie C. Paretti, Virginia Tech Marie C. Paretti is a Professor of Engineering Education at Virginia Tech, where she co-directs the

Conference Session

Why Can't We Get Faculty and Students to Go Abroad?

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gregg Morris Warnick, Brigham Young University; Marie S. Call, Brigham Young University; Randall Davies, Brigham Young University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

International

Paper ID #21574Understanding Engineering and Technology Student Perceptions: Barriersto Study Abroad ParticipationDr. Gregg Morris Warnick, Brigham Young University Gregg M. Warnick is the Director of the Weidman Center for Global Leadership and Associate Teaching Professor of Engineering Leadership within the Ira A. Fulton College of Engineering and Technology at Brigham Young University (BYU). His research and teaching interests include leadership, global agility, globalization, project management, ethics, and manufacturing processes. Gregg has lived in numerous locations within the USA and Europe and has worked in many

Conference Session

Int. Engineering Education: Developments, Innovations, and Implementations

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sebastian M. Pfotenhauer, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Joshua Jacobs, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Julio A. Pertuze, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Daniel T. Roos P.E., Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Dava J. Newman, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

International

for incorporating hands-onactivities and students-faculty interactions 34.Many MPP students spend extended periods of time at MIT. MIT hosts up to 33 graduatestudents per year1, whereas the duration of the students‟ stay at MIT varies between a few weeksand up to 2 years. During that time, students perform research at MIT labs and audit courses.These students continuously work with research supervisor on both sides of the Atlantic, whichconsolidating in effect the new transatlantic linkages between scientists at MIT and in Portugal.International mobility in MPP occurs mostly under a project-based, need-oriented and oftenshort-term framework, which underscores the professional and research-centered character of theprogram. Students focus on

Conference Session

Global Competency and What Makes a Successful Engineer

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kari Wold, University of Virginia; Stephanie Moore Ph.D., University of Virginia

Tagged Divisions

International

, Germany. It does so by focusing ontone U.S. student and one German student, Ben and Manuela, and using survey information,observations of class sessions, analysis of student projects, and interviews with them to illustratetheir experiences.Data indicate the U.S. student, Ben, adjusted the methods he used to communicate with Germanstudents and expressed an increasing awareness of the connection between engineering solutionsand cultural differences. The German student, Manuela, increased her participation levelsthroughout the simulations as well as increasingly expressed her curiosity to know more aboutother cultural engineering practices. It is hoped the findings from this study informs futurecourses on how to instruct students in how to display

Conference Session

Engineering Education in the Arab World / Mid-East Region

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ulas Toros, University of Florida; George Younis, University of Florida; Fazil Najafi, University of Florida

Tagged Divisions

International

Engineering 4 Soil Mechanics 4 Fluid Mechanics 3 Turkish I 0 Summer Practice I 0Semester 6CGN 3501 Civil Engineering Materials 4 Construction Eng. & Management 3CEG 4011 Soil Mechanics 4 Foundation Engineering I 3SUR 2322 Project Dev. And 3 Hydromechanics 4 Visualization Engineering Hydrology 3CWR 3201

Conference Session

Global Engineering Education Initiatives

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Edmundo Tovar; José Carrillo; Jesús García

Tagged Divisions

International

establish common criteria and methodologies if mutual trust amongInstitutions and agencies are achieved on a basis of greater transparency in accreditationprocesses. To that end it is essential to promote a peer review process among agencies. But thisproposal had a risk. The Institutional Evaluation Programme has given Europe a solid experiencein transnational evaluation, evaluating close to 120 universities in 35 different countries. This Page 13.1384.2ten-year experience, combined with the outcomes of the Quality Culture project, points to thefact that it is impossible to reach agreement on quality standards when dealing with a diversity

Conference Session

Engineering Accreditation Around the World

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

George Peterson, ABET; Kathryn Aberle, ABET

Tagged Divisions

International

facilitate the training of evaluators. • Promote and facilitate each other's participation in seminars and workshops about accreditation systems worldwide • Exchange information including documents, papers and surveys concerning accreditation processes and higher education quality assurance • Explore the feasibility of mutual recognition based on the collaboration, exchange, and assessment of their respective accreditation systems. • Negotiate and mutually agree upon any expenses associated with the implementation of this Memorandum of Understanding prior to the execution of any projects or services. Country Organization

Conference Session

International Case Studies, Collaborations and Interactions

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Roli Varma, University of New Mexico

Tagged Divisions

International

working in industrial companies noted that due to beingforeign-born, they were barred from supervising some high-level projects. In other words,citizenship and nationality requirements limit some Asian Indian immigrants from moving up thechain of command.Social/Cultural ChallengesOne-third respondents believed that their cultural values, social differences, accents, andcommunication skills prevent them from seeking managerial positions (table 1). If Asian Indiansdo not seek top-decision making positions, it results into a limited pool of qualified candidatesfrom which managers can choose from.Several scholars 1,2,4,7,9,10,12 have identified work-related issues on which modern American andtraditional Asian cultures differ. For example, American

Conference Session

International Educational Experiences (1)

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cynthia B. Paschal, Vanderbilt University; Isabelle S. Crist, Vanderbilt University Global Education Office; Christopher J. Rowe, Vanderbilt University

Tagged Divisions

International

engineering education include first-year engineering pedagogy and problem- based learning. His professional areas of expertise include technical project management and technology strategy. He is also communications director for the School of Engineering, past-Chair of the First-year Programs Division of ASEE and member of ASEM. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2017 Strategies for Successfully Increasing Engineering Study Abroad ParticipationAbstractStudying abroad provides students with many benefits including the ability to work withinculturally diverse settings, live and work in ambiguous circumstances, and creatively solveproblems. This in turn

Conference Session

Global and Intercultural Competency

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Warnock, University of Georgia; Galyna Melnychuk, Mississippi State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

International

measures, includingthe increased number of study abroad programs [4]. Study abroad programs can take a number ofdifferent formats including short-term faculty led programs (usually ranging from 2-6 weeks),semester long exchange programs, international co-op or research experiences and service-learning projects [5]. Informal discussions with students who have participated in study abroadopportunities have revealed that these students’ outlook on the world was changed and theirability to be more accepting of different cultures was enhanced [6]. Although evidence showsstudents that participate in longer-duration programs achieve better global competency outcomes[7], the IIE open doors report for 2017 shows that 60% of students studying abroad

Conference Session

International Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Maher M Murad, University of Pittsburgh, Johnstown; Jerry W. Samples, University of Pittsburgh, Johnstown

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

International

Paper ID #12685International Faculty Teaching Engineering at US Institutions: Challengesand OpportunitiesDr. Maher M Murad, University of Pittsburgh, Johnstown Dr. Maher Murad is a faculty member in the Civil Engineering Technology department at the University of Pittsburgh at Johnstown. Dr. Murad served as a visiting professor at Bucknell University. He also has overseas teaching and professional experience. He worked as a technical manager at Modern Contracting and as a highway project manager at Acer Freeman Fox International. He is a licensed professional engineer (P.E.) in the state of Ohio. Dr. Murad received a Masters

Conference Session

International Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andrea M. Ogilvie P.E., Virginia Tech; David B Knight, Virginia Tech Department of Engineering Education; Thomas Carl Long, Virginia Tech; Stephanie G. Adams, Virginia Tech; Catherine T. Amelink, Virginia Tech; Nicole P. Sanderlin, Virginia Tech

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

International

. Stevens, R., Johri, A., & O'Connor, K. (2014). Professional Engineering Work. In A. Johri & B. M. Olds (Eds.), CHEER: Cambridge Handbook of Engineering Education Research New York, New York: Cambridge University Press.3. Johri, A., & Jesiek, B. K. (2014). Global and international issues in engineering education. In A. Johri & B. M. Olds (Eds.), CHEER: Cambridge Handbook of Engineering Education Research New York, New York: Cambridge University Press.4. Kolmos, A., & Graaff, E. d. (2014). Problem based and project based learning in engineering education- merging models. In A. Johri & B. M. Olds (Eds.), CHEER: Cambridge Handbook of Engineering Education Research New York, New York

Conference Session

International Division Technical Session 6

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sara P Rimer, University of Michigan; Sahithya Reddivari, University of Michigan; Aline Cotel, University of Michigan; Elizabeth Frances Cloos Dreyer, University of Michigan

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

International

students from the University of Liberia and the University of Michigan in collaboration with the Society of Women Engineers and the University of Michigan. She is also working on an engineering education research project – Towards a global network of women engineers, as part of her endeavors in Liberia.Dr. Aline Cotel, University of MichiganElizabeth Frances Cloos Dreyer, University of Michigan Elizabeth Dreyer is a 4th year Electrical Engineering – Optics doctoral student at the University of Michi- gan in Ann Arbor, MI. She graduated with a Bachelor’s degree in Electrical Engineering in 2012 from Michigan Technological University in Houghton, MI. She is particularly interested in Optics & Photonics and the

Conference Session

International Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cem Karacal, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville; Hasan Sevim, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

International

, and facilities layout. Before joining to SIUE he worked at Rochester Institute of Technology as a faculty member and Computer Integrated Manufacturing System project coordinator for RIT’s integrated circuit factory. He is a senior member of IIE and SME, and a member of ASEE, Alpha Pi Mu and Tau Beta Pi.Dr. Hasan Sevim, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville Dr. Hasan Sevim obtained his B.S. degree in mining engineering in 1974 from Istanbul Technical Uni- versity, Turkey. He obtained his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in 1978 and 1984, respectively, from Columbia University, New York. In 1984, he joined the College of Engineering at Southern Illinois University (SIU), Carbondale as an assistant professor in the

Conference Session

Collaborative & New Efforts in Engineering Education

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Melany Ciampi; Claudio Brito, Council of Researches in Education and Sciences

Tagged Divisions

International

Coordination - Ministry of Science and Technology.Brazil as any other Country has recognized the importance of engineering in world scenery. Ithas been working to get the competitiveness of national goods and services by means ofincentive to create projects of qualification of professionals through continuing education forexample and others. Many representative groups, leaderships and agencies have beenimplemented programs to prepare the engineers to increase the efficiency of research system,experimental development, engineering, producing system and market [5-8].All these efforts have been having a kind of smooth effect once it is one of the most difficultprograms of College level and expensive that does not help very much the inclusion

Conference Session

Global Engineering Models: Curriculum Development, Improvements, and Partnerships

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Teri Kristine Reed, Purdue University, West Lafayette; P.K. Imbrie, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Qu Jin, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Joe J.J. Lin, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

International

Pur- due University. He holds B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. degrees in aerospace engineering from Texas A&M University. His research interests include educational research, solid mechanics, experimental mechanics, microstructural evaluation of materials, and experiment and instrument design. He has been involved with various research projects sponsored by NSF, NASA, and AFOSR, ranging from education-related issues to traditional research topics in the areas of elevated temperature constitutive modeling of monolithic super alloys and environmental effects on titanium based metal matrix composites. His current research inter- ests include epistemologies, assessment, and modeling of student learning, student success

Conference Session

A Global Engineer: International and Domestic Engineer

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Claudio da Rocha Brito, Science and Education Research Council; Melany M. Ciampi, Safety, Health and Environment Research Organization

Tagged Divisions

International

educators in the process of teaching/learning, the rescue of the intellectual and reflexive of her/his teaching work in a way that it isnot only the deliver of knowledge but mainly the producing of knowledge.The main challenge for the institutions is to form the global engineer, which actions must lead toprovide more opportunities for students to: go abroad for studies and internships; be involved inglobal teams, working in projects, and designs.What is necessary in fact is the global engineering educator to inspire the formation of the globalengineer.References[01] World Development Indicators, 2001.[02] Deba Dutta, Professor, Mechanical Engineering Director, InterPro, College of Engineering; http://www.interpro.engin.umich.edu/[03] Compete to

Conference Session

Preparing Engineering Students for the Global Workplace, Competency, and a Successful Career

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yi Shen, Purdue University; Brent K. Jesiek, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Yating Chang, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

International

programsmake appropriate links and project meaningful pathways for students from the advancement ofcultural orientation to the development of global competency.This study examines the extent of current engineering students’ awareness and potentialacceptance of cultural similarities and differences. We conducted survey assessment using theMiville-Guzman Universality-Diversity Scale short form (MGUDS-S) to measure and compareorientation toward diversity among four groups of engineering student populations, includingthose entering three different types of global engineering programs and a baseline population offirst-year engineering students. We proposed and tested a set of research hypotheses for multiplegroup comparisons of MGUDS-S results, including

Conference Session

Accreditation, Program Evaluation, and Education Resource's Impact in Latin America

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Geoff Wright, Brigham Young University; Ron Terry, Brigham Young University; Steven L Shumway, Bringham Young University; Richard G. Helps, Brigham Young University

Tagged Divisions

International

together a five-week curriculum foreach of the four classes. The students were to teach 90 minutes per day M-F for the five-week period. During the last week of the program, the last two days were reserved for aparent day when the DR students demonstrated projects that they had been working onand a field trip day. The college students spent the Winter semester and Spring term preparing thecurriculum and planning the supplies that they would need for the entire program. Fromprior years’ experiences, the faculty had learned that nearly all of the supplies would needto be brought from the United States. The curriculum for the four classes involves a two-year sequence of content for thethree oldest classes, and one year for the youngest

Conference Session

Develop Course / Materials / Topics for a Global Engineering Education / International Poster Session

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ashley Ater Kranov, Washington State University

Tagged Divisions

International

are robust enough to promote rather than hinder communication, collaboration andinnovation.In the Sciences and Engineering, research projects are usually funded by external fundingagencies, such as the National Science Foundation, other governmental or military agencies, aswell as by private corporations.24, 25 Because faculty rely on continued funding for research, theyhave vested interests in not only optimizing the performance of their graduate research assistants,but also in communicating the concrete outcomes of the research conducted. Clearly, facultywho work closely with ESL research assistants as supervisors would like their students/employees to perform as productively as possible for the duration of their courses of study.Yet, many