characteristics of high quality STEM integration, including providing“opportunities for students to learn from failure and redesign.”18 Many in engineering educationpromote the idea of teaching it through the habits of mind, or how engineers think and do theirwork.19 These include: “systems thinking, collaboration, ethical considerations, creativity,communication and optimism.”20 Failure, although not explicitly named, is best exemplified aspart of the habit of mind of optimism. Resilient responses to design failure include an optimisticmindset that the problem can indeed be solved or that the failure can be overcome. Theseresponses are representative of a growth mindset, in which students learn from failure andbelieve that growth is a natural byproduct