completing her doctoral work jointly in the Multiphase Flow Laboratory and the Wind Energy Center at UMass Amherst. Her teaching and research focuses on ocean hydrodynamics and offshore wind energy. ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2025Longitudinal Examination of Gender Differences in Engineering Self-Efficacy and the Impact of COVID-19: A Six-Year StudyAbstractThis paper presents a longitudinal analysis of gender differences in undergraduate engineeringstudents’ feeling of self-efficacy across a six-year period, including the impact of the COVID-19pandemic. Engineering self-efficacy was measured by the Longitudinal Assessment ofEngineering Self-Efficacy (LAESE) instrument, while pandemic
and other socialidentities in team effectiveness is described below.Self-EfficacyBandura defined self-efficacy as an individual’s belief that they can successfully complete a taskor endeavor [8]. Self-efficacy beliefs are recursive; student self-efficacy is often informed byprior performance feedback and stereotypes/expectations, and future academic performance hasbeen shown to be influenced by self-efficacy, with negative self-efficacy resulting in “reducedinterest and engagement during learning” [9]. Recent research has shown that women reportlower self-efficacy than men in STEM subjects such as physics, chemistry, and mathematics intheir first year of engineering studies [9]. Furthermore, Whitcomb et al. identified“discipline-dependent
: Workshops such as #IamRemarkable, a global movement that empowersparticipants by fostering self-efficacy and resilience. The program’s focus on creating a sense ofbelonging within the tech community has led to increased perceptions of family support, culturalinclusivity, and recognition of computing’s societal contributions.Research MethodologyThe LIFT program evaluated its impact using retrospective pre/post surveys from 2022 to 2024,consolidating findings from the 2022-2023 and 2023-2024 reports. Designed by MDC, RebootRepresentation, and Creative Research Solutions, the surveys measured self-reported changes insense of belonging, social impact awareness, technology access, instructor inclusiveness, self-efficacy, computing interest, and cultural
Chicago where he directs the Race, Culture, and Health Equity Lab. He is an Associate Editor for the Journal of Counseling Psychology and is the Vice President for Scientific Affairs for the Society of Counseling Psychology. His scholarship (a) examines ways in which racism and cultural experiences relate to mental health in AAPI populations and in other diverse communities, (b) evaluates the measurement of racial and cultural constructs, and (c) explores the role of self-efficacy in the development of social justice interest and commitment.Leanne Kallemeyn, Loyola University Chicago Leanne M. Kallemeyn is an Associate Professor in Research Methodology within the School of Education at Loyola University Chicago, United
research paper analyzed the data for the 2022-2023 cohort and used the MUSIC(eMpowerment, Usefulness, Success, Interest, and Caring) model of motivation as a basis tounderstand 93 participants’ external motivation for engagement with the mentoring activities basedon academic classification (First-Year, Sophomore, Junior, Senior) and type of mentoringrelationship.Introduction and BackgroundWomen in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) fields face negativestereotypes that cast doubt on their abilities, leading to a decreased sense of self-efficacy thatnegatively affects the retention and success of women [1]. This decreased sense of self-efficacy isexacerbated by both the lack of similar peers and role models, which creates a
factors, environmental contexts, andbehavioral patterns in shaping career choices. This theory suggests that self-efficacy beliefs,outcome expectations, and personal goals are primary determinants in career decision-making andpersistence [17]. In the context of women in engineering at HBCUs, self-efficacy relates to theconfidence women have in their ability to succeed in engineering tasks. Outcome expectationsrefer to the perceived benefits or challenges associated with persisting in the engineering field,such as leadership roles or barriers related to gender bias. Personal goals influence women'saspirations for leadership and professional growth. SCCT is relevant for this study as it allows forthe exploration of how mentorship, faculty support
and perceptions ofincoming engineering students; however, there are few studies specifically exploring how thesesocietal beliefs or perceptions may manifest for early engineering students beyond measures oftheir own identities and self-efficacy. Our research in this paper will explore an alternative meansto identify if first-year engineering students tend to associate certain gender or racial identitieswith engineers over others. This will be done by analyzing submissions of a project in a first-yearengineering course in which students created fictional engineering professionals.Theoretical Underpinnings The theory of technical dualism - first proposed by Wendy Faulkner in 2000 - is whatsparked the curiosity that ultimately led to the
AssessmentsStudents completed final design projects that were evaluated using a structured rubriccovering four domains: (1) conceptual understanding, (2) technical execution, (3) creativity,and (4) teamwork. Key findings from 96 evaluated projects include: • 85% of students achieved “Proficient” or “Advanced” ratings in problem-solving and innovation. • Projects in biomedical and renewable energy domains received the highest scores for creativity and real-world relevance. • 72% of students showed improvement in design iteration and documentation between initial and final projects.C. Participant Journals and ReflectionsThematic analysis of over 300 journal entries revealed consistent growth in studentengagement and self-efficacy
] J.S. McIlwee & J.G. Robinson, “Women in engineering: Gender, power, and workplace culture,” SUNY Press, 1992.[5] K.L. Tonso,“On the outskirts of engineering: Learning identity, gender, and power via engineering practice,” Brill, vol.6, 2007.[6] B. Johnson & J.B. Main, “The Influence of Experiential Learning on Student Professional Development: A Literature Review,” 2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access, June 2020.[7] D. Verdin & A. Godwin, “EXPLORING LATINA FIRST-GENERATION COLLEGE STUDENTS’ MULTIPLE IDENTITIES, SELF-EFFICACY, AND INSTITUTIONAL INTEGRATION TO INFORM ACHIEVEMENT IN ENGINEERING,” Journal of Women and Minorities in Science and Engineering, vol. 24, ed. 3
. Pangborn, “Women engineering students and self-efficacy: A multi-year, multi-institution study of women engineering student retention andsuccess,” Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 101, no. 1, pp. 27–47, 2012. doi:10.1002/j.2168-9830.2012.tb00039.x[8] M. Hutchison-Green, D. Follman, and G. Bodner, “Providing a voice: Qualitativeinvestigation of the impact of a first-year engineering experience on students’ efficacy beliefs,”Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 97, no. 2, pp. 177–190, 2008. doi: 10.1002/j.2168-9830.2008.tb00966.x[9] T. L. Strayhorn, College Students’ Sense of Belonging: A Key to Educational Success for AllStudents, New York: Routledge, 2012.[10] V. Tinto, Completing College: Rethinking Institutional Action, University of
goals ofthe profession the perception is that engineering is agentic [17]. This difference between perceived goalsof the profession and communal goals can lead to women lacking the personal identities that motivatemen to become engineers [19]. It has also been found that women often lack the cultural influences thatshape intrinsic motivators towards a career in STEM, contributing further to the lack of science or mathidentities [10]. The SCCT explains career interests, choices, and performance through the effect ofpersonal traits, such as self-efficacy and outcome expectations, on interests and the effects of thoseinterests on goals and actions [20]. The theory validates the influences of social interactions on careerchoice, and other research