Conference Session

Topics in Engineering Ethics IV

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Paul Leiffer, LeTourneau University; R. William Graff; B.Kyun Lee, Le Tourneau University; Martin Batts, Le Tourneau University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

AC 2009-1550: THE CHANGING OF THE GUARD: SHOULD THE ENGINEERINGETHICS CODE BE CHANGED TO ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS?Paul Leiffer, LeTourneau University Paul R. Leiffer is a professor in the School of Engineering and Engineering Technology at LeTourneau University, where he has taught since 1979. He received his B.S.E.E. from the State University of New York at Buffalo and his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from Drexel University. Prior to joining the faculty at LeTourneau, he was involved in cardiac cell research at the University of Kansas Medical Center. His professional interests include bioinstrumentation, digital signal processing, and engineering ethics. Email: paulleiffer@letu.eduR.William

Conference Session

Engineering Ethics - Courses and Curricula

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Seamus Freyne, Manhattan College; Micah Hale, University of Arkansas

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

AC 2009-970: A PRELIMINARY SURVEY OF ENGINEERING ETHICS COURSESNATIONWIDESeamus Freyne, Manhattan College An ASEE member since 2003, Seamus Freyne is an assistant professor of civil engineering at Manhattan College in New York City. His research interests include concrete materials, sustainability, and ethics.Micah Hale, University of Arkansas W. Micah Hale is an associate professor at the University of Arkansas where he teaches courses in civil engineering materials and concrete design. In addition to his teaching interests, he also conducts research in the areas of concrete materials and structures

Conference Session

Engineering Ethics: Using Case Studies

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William Loendorf, Eastern Washington University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

. This training is of substantial benefitfor many problems, often resulting in a straightforward solution. Nevertheless, this preparationalone may not be enough to resolve all issues. Frequently the problems encountered are in a grayarea, without clear-cut answers, requiring engineers to use their best judgment for solution.These types of problems are commonly referred to as ethical challenges. Unfortunately problemsof this nature are often handled with little formal training or guidance leading to improper ordetrimental results. In order to better prepare our students to practice engineering with integrityand honesty a case study approach to engineering ethics has been implemented. It begins with areflective look at the type of decisions

Conference Session

Engineering Ethics - Courses and Curricula

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Norma Mattei, University of New Orleans

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

AC 2009-1050: MEASURING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF A REQUIRED ETHICSCLASSNorma Mattei, University of New Orleans Norma Jean Mattei is an Associate Professor in the UNO Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering. Her research interests include engineering ethics and diversity, experimental testing, residual stress measurement using laser interferometry, and repetitive flood loss mitigation. She currently serves on the board of engineering registration in Louisiana and is a director on the ASCE Board of Direction. Page 14.871.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009 Measuring the

Conference Session

Engineering Ethics: Using Case Studies

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Timothy Skvarenina, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

AC 2009-1165: INCORPORATING ETHICS DISCUSSION INTO ANENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY COURSETimothy Skvarenina, Purdue University Page 14.720.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009 Session 2533 Incorporating Incorporating Ethics Discussion into an Engineering Technology Course Timothy L. Skvarenina College of Technology, Purdue UniversityAbstractTAC-ABET accreditation requires that each program develop program outcomes that embraceABET criteria 2a to k. Several of those, such as diversity

Conference Session

Engineering Ethics V

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William Jordan, Baylor University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

AC 2009-1684: ETHICAL ISSUES RELATED TO INTERNATIONALDEVELOPMENT PROJECTSWilliam Jordan, Baylor University Page 14.586.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009 Ethical Issues Related to International Development ProjectsAbstractInternational service learning within engineering education is increasing in amount and visibility.There has been much work dealing with the legitimacy of service learning in engineeringeducation. However, there has been less work dealing with ethical issues involved withengineering service learning. While there are ethical issues related to any engineering project,this paper concentrates on ethical issues inherent in the international

Conference Session

Engineering Ethics: Using Case Studies

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Marilyn Dyrud, Oregon Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

AC 2009-240: ETHICAL EXOTICA: SMALL, STICKY CASES FOR ANALYSISMarilyn Dyrud, Oregon Institute of Technology Marilyn A. Dyrud has taught in the Communication Department of Oregon Institute of Technology since 1983 and regularly teaches courses in technical and business writing, public speaking, rhetoric, and ethics. She is active in ASEE as a member of the ETD Board and compiler of the annual “Engineering Technology Education Bibliography.” A past chair of the Pacific Northwest section, she is a regular presenter at annual conferences, a member of the executive committee of the Engineering Ethics Division, and a recent ASEE Fellow. She is also active in the Association for Business

Conference Session

Engineering Ethics - Courses and Curricula

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Donald McEachron, Drexel University; Sheila Vaidya, Drexel University; Stacey Ake, Drexel University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

AC 2009-898: A MODEL FOR INTEGRATING ETHICS INTO AN ENGINEERINGCURRICULUMDonald McEachron, Drexel UniversitySheila Vaidya, Drexel University Interim Associate Dean for Research School of EducationStacey Ake, Drexel University Assistant Professor of Philosophy Department of English and Philosophy Page 14.60.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009 A MODEL FOR ETHICS INTEGRATION INTO AN ENGINEERING CURRICULUMAbstractEthics education is currently of major concern in higher education and in engineering inparticular. There are many reasons for this, such as the seeming increase of cheating andplagiarism

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Larry Shuman, University of Pittsburgh; Mary Besterfield-Sacre, University of Pittsburgh; Renee Clark, University of Pittsburgh; Tuba Pinar Yildirim, University of Pittsburgh; Karen Bursic, University of Pittsburgh

AC 2009-1277: E-MEAS: INTRODUCING AN ETHICAL COMPONENT TOMODEL ELICITING ACTIVITIESLarry Shuman, University of PittsburghMary Besterfield-Sacre, University of PittsburghRenee Clark, University of PittsburghTuba Pinar Yildirim, University of PittsburghKaren Bursic, University of Pittsburgh Page 14.502.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009 E-MEAs: Introducing An Ethical Component to Model Eliciting ActivitiesAbstractWe are using models and modeling, specifically model eliciting activities (MEAs), to enhanceupper-level engineering students’ vertical skills integration and problem solving capacity. TheMEAs we are introducing

Conference Session

Engineering Ethics: An Interdisciplinary Endeavor

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Brocato, Mississippi State University

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education

. Page 14.1288.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009 Two Ways of Using Case Studies to Teach EthicsIntroductionProfessional ethics, like many other areas of academic study, is best taught through synthesis andapplication. Exposing students to the importance of ethics via, for example, a lecture on theNSPE Code of Ethics or a reading assignment on plagiarism may accomplish something on itsown, but such relatively low-stakes activities do little to put students in the position ofcontemplating and then making ethics-related decisions – they do little, in other words, to bringthe subject to life for students.One simple way to engage students more fully in the experience of professional ethics is the useof case studies

Conference Session

Knowing Our Students, Faculty, and Profession

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Janel Sutkus, Carnegie Mellon University; Donald Carpenter, Lawrence Technological University; Cynthia Finelli, University of Michigan; Trevor Harding

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

AC 2009-368: AN EXAMINATION OF STUDENT EXPERIENCES RELATED TOENGINEERING ETHICS: INITIAL FINDINGSJanel Sutkus, Carnegie Mellon University Dr. Janel Sutkus is Director of Institutional Research and Analysis at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. She received her doctorate from the Center for the Study of Higher and Postsecondary Education at the University of Michigan, and also holds degrees from Cornell College (BA in psychology and music) and the University of Iowa (MA in higher education administration). Prior to earning her Ph.D. she was a college administrator for 15 years at two small, private liberal arts colleges. While at the University of Michigan, she taught

Conference Session

Topics in Engineering Ethics IV

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Salvatore Marsico, Pennsylvania State University, Wilkes-Barre

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

AC 2009-1035: PROFESSIONAL LICENSING BOARDS: A COMPARISON OFREGISTRATION ACTS, CODES OF ETHICS, AND DISCIPLINARY ACTIONSSalvatore Marsico, Pennsylvania State University, Wilkes-Barre Page 14.984.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009 Professional Licensing Boards: A Comparison of Registration Acts, Code of Ethics, and Disciplinary ActionsAbstractThe professional registration boards for engineering are created and operate underthe laws of their respective jurisdictions. They are given the power to regulate theprofession by establishing minimum criteria, to review candidates for registration,to address and resolve complaints against registered and

Conference Session

Engineering Ethics V

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Ochs, Lehigh University; Lisa Getzler-Linn, Lehigh University; Margaret Huyck, Illinois Institute of Technology; Scott Schaffer, Purdue University; Mary Raber, Michigan Technology University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

AC 2009-1735: ASSESSING TEAM WORK AND ETHICAL AWARENESS ININTERPROFESSIONAL UNDERGRADUATE TEAMS AND ENTREPRENEURIALSTUDENT START-UPS: REPORT #1John Ochs, Lehigh UniversityLisa Getzler-Linn, Lehigh UniversityMargaret Huyck, Illinois Institute of TechnologyScott Schaffer, Purdue University Scott P Schaffer is currently an associate professor in the Educational Technology program in the College of Education at Purdue University where his research and teaching focuses on workplace learning and performance. He received his M.S. and Ph.D. in Instructional Systems from Florida State University and teaches courses such as E-Learning Design, Program Evaluation, Learning Systems Design, and Human Performance

Conference Session

Engineering Ethics: Using Case Studies

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Didier Valdes, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez; Erika Jaramillo Giraldo, University of Puerto Rico; Jorge Ferrer, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez; William Frey, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

AC 2009-2183: CASE ANALYSIS: A TOOL FOR TEACHING RESEARCH ETHICSIN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING FOR GRADUATE STUDENTSDidier Valdes, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez Didier M. Valdés is a Professor in the Civil Engineering Department of the University of Puerto Rico at Mayaguez. Dr. Valdés holds a Ph.D. in Civil Engineering and spacializes in Transportation Engineering. His resarch interests include issues in the Transportation area of Civil Systems and Ethical issues related to research and engineering. He is currently a Co-PI in the GERESE project.Erika Jaramillo Giraldo, University of Puerto Rico Erika Jaramillo-Giraldo holds a BS in Civil Engineering and is currently Graduate student in

Conference Session

Engineering Ethics, Academic Integrity

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Angela Bielefeldt, University of Colorado, Boulder

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

AC 2009-1384: PERCEPTIONS OF CHEATING BEHAVIORS BY FRESHMANENGINEERING STUDENTSAngela Bielefeldt, University of Colorado, Boulder Angela Bielefeldt is the Director of the Environmental Engineering Program at the University of Colorado at Boulder and an Associate Professor in the Department of Civil, Environmental, & Architectural Engineering. Page 14.952.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009 PERCEPTIONS OF CHEATING BEHAVIORS BY FRESHMEN ENGINEERING STUDENTSAbstractEducating students on ethical issues is an important requirement of all engineering

Conference Session

Engineering Ethics, Academic Integrity

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Shobi Sivadasan, Stevens Institute of Technology; Brian Sauser, Stevens Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

similarities between an article written by Blair and a recentstory written by one of the San Antonio Express News reporters. All of Blair’s articleswere reviewed and many were found to be plagiarized or fabricated. The NY Timesdescribed the Blair scandal “as a low point in the 152-year history of the newspaper” 27.The seemingly gifted, but ethically challenged reporter was forced to resign in May 2003while the hard earned reputation of the Times was badly tarnished.One of the most common forms of plagiarism, and the focus of this paper, is AcademicPlagiarism. In a recent survey29 of 11 universities across the United States, DonaldMcCabe of Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, showed that plagiarism is agrowing phenomenon on college campuses

Conference Session

Topics in Engineering Ethics IV

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

George Catalano, State University of New York, Binghamton; Caroline Baillie, Queens University, Kingston

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

engineering educationspecifically is based upon profit making. The ultimate goal is economic growth with littleif any interest in peace, social or environmental justice or wealth distribution. Such amodel ignores inequalities, has contempt for the arts and literature, promotes group think,needs docile students and de-emphasizes critical thinking. We would like to offer adifferent paradigm, one which has as its priority the development of not only the humanspecies but also the rest of the natural world. We would like to offer a new paradigm forengineering based upon a new ethic, linked to our capacity to love. Using such aparadigm, each and every being matters, groups are disaggregated into individuals andequal respect exists for each individual. Such

Conference Session

Engineering Ethics V

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tammy VanDeGrift, University of Portland; Donald Chinn, University of Washington, Tacoma

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

based on the Treisman model for computer science students at UWT in 2004. His research interests are primarily in computer science education. Previously, he has done research in theoretical computer science. He also worked at Microsoft Corporation as a software design engineer for three and a half years. Page 14.190.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009 An Exercise to Engage Computing Students in Discussion of Professional IssuesAbstractBoth ABET and CC2001 emphasize the importance for students to engage in learning aboutprofessionalism and ethics. For computing

Conference Session

Engineering Ethics V

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Douglas Oliver, University of Toledo

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

AC 2009-2529: WHISTLE-BLOWING BY ENGINEERS AND REVERSEWHISTLE-BLOWING ON ENGINEERSDouglas Oliver, University of Toledo Page 14.1371.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009 Whistle-Blowing by Engineers and Reverse Whistle-Blowing on Engineers Douglas L. Oliver Key Words: Whistle-blowing, engineering ethics, white-collar crime. Abstract This paper introduces two case studies in engineering ethics related to white-collar crimeand whistle-blowing lawsuits. In these case studies engineers were employed by corporationsthat benefited from

Conference Session

Engineering Ethics, Academic Integrity

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Isaac Wait, Marshall University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

investigate suspected incidents of cheating  The feeling among some faculty that policing cheating is not part of their job description  Fear of being blamed for their students’ ethical violations  Harassment by students who have been reported for cheating  Fear of lawsuits from students alleged to have cheated  Concern that enforcing academic integrity regulations will make faculty, and enrollment in the courses they teach, less popular among studentsAll of these concerns also apply to faculty members at American universities abroad, along withpowerful financial incentives not to question the status quo, identify problem areas, or otherwise“rock the boat” (salaries for faculty members at American style universities in

Conference Session

Topics in Engineering Ethics IV

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brent Nelson, Northern Arizona University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

AC 2009-157: THE IMPACT OF EXPOSURE TO BIOLOGICALLY INSPIREDDESIGN ON THE ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS OF UNDERGRADUATEENGINEERING STUDENTSBrent Nelson, Northern Arizona University Brent Nelson received the B.S. degree in mechanical engineering from the University of California at Berkeley in 2002, and the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in mechanical engineering from the Georgia Institute of Technology in 2004 and 2007, where he held NDSEG, GeorgiaTech Presidential, and Woodruff Fellowships. After finishing his PhD, he held a National Academy of Engineering CASEE Postdoctoral Fellowship, during which he worked with the Center for Biologically-Inspired Design at the Georgia Institute of Technology to study

Conference Session

Engineering Ethics - Courses and Curricula

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brock Barry, United States Military Academy; Matthew Ohland, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

AC 2009-224: ENGINEERING ETHICS CURRICULUM INCORPORATIONMETHODS AND RESULTS FROM A NATIONALLY ADMINISTEREDSTANDARDIZED EXAMINATION: BACKGROUND, LITERATURE, ANDRESEARCH METHODSBrock Barry, United States Military Academy Brock E. Barry is a post-doctoral research assistant in the School of Engineering Education at Purdue University. Dr. Barry received his Ph.D. in Engineering Education from Purdue University and holds a B.S. degree in Civil Engineering Technology from the Rochester Institute of Technology and a M.S. degree in Civil Engineering from the University of Colorado at Boulder. Dr. Barry has accepted a position as an Assistant Professor within the Department of Civil & Mechanical

Conference Session

Engineering Ethics, Academic Integrity

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Adam Melvin, North Carolina State University; Lisa Bullard, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

engineering majors. Science and Engineering Ethics 3:433-445.(3) Jackson, C.J., Levine, S.Z., Furnham, A., and Burr, N. (2002). Predictors of cheating behavior at a university: A lessonlearned from the psychology of work. Journal of Applied Social Psychology 32(5): 1031-1046.(4) Newstead, S.E., Franklyn-Stokes, A., and Armstead, P. (1996). Individual differences in student cheating. Journal ofEducational Psychology 88(2): 229-241.(5) Passow, H.J., Mayhew, M.J., Finelli, C.J., Harding, T.S., and Carpenter, D.D. (2006). Factors influencing engineeringstudents’ decisions to cheat by type of assessment. Research in Higher Education 47(6): 643-684.(6) Crown, D.F., and Spiller, M.S. (1998). Learning from the literature on collegiate cheating: A review of

Conference Session

Engineering Ethics: An Interdisciplinary Endeavor

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joseph Herkert, Arizona State University Polytechnic; Jameson Wetmore, Arizona State University; Heather Canary, Arizona State University Polytechnic; Karin Ellison, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education

AC 2009-1131: INTEGRATING MICROETHICS AND MACROETHICS INGRADUATE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING EDUCATION: DEVELOPINGINSTRUCTIONAL MODELSJoseph Herkert, Arizona State University Polytechnic Joseph Herkert, D. Sc., P.E., is Lincoln Associate Professor of Ethics and Technology at Arizona State University. He has taught engineering ethics and related courses for more than twenty years. His work on engineering ethics has appeared in engineering, law, social science, and applied ethics journals. Dr. Herkert is the past Editor of IEEE Technology & Society and a founding Associate Editor of Engineering Studies. He received his BSEE from Southern Methodist University and his doctorate in Engineering and

Conference Session

Engineering Ethics: An Interdisciplinary Endeavor

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Edward Gehringer, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education

University in 1979. Page 14.954.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009 Personal vs. Professional E-mail: the Palin Case Edward F. Gehringer North Carolina State University efg@ncsu.eduAbstractLast fall’s break-in of Vice-Presidential candidate Sarah Palin's private e-mail account can serveas a fascinating case study in an Ethics in Computing class. The break-in is a clear violation offederal law, and the ethics of that should not be in serious doubt. But what about posting thecontents of her private e

Collection

2009 Pacific Southwest Section Meeting

Authors

Hassan Badkoobehi

231 Application and Practice of Sustainable Development in Engineering Hassan Badkoobehi National University, San Diego, CAAbstract— In recent years there has been an ever increasing need for sustainable design. Howeversustainable design sometimes may be in conflict with existing design standards. The topic that thisstudy addresses is the ethical dilemma between design standards and Sustainable design. This is anewly arising conflict resulting from the recent “green” Movement. This is a new challenge facing themodern engineer

Conference Session

Tree-huggers, Diggers, and Queers--Oh my!

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

George Catalano, State University of New York, Binghamton; Caroline Baillie, Queens University, Kingston

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education

modern era as well as new ideas which have justrecently been applied to the professions. In the spirit of the Diggers from the 1960’s, thepresent work offers new ‘frames of reference’ from which you can consider your decisions.The Diggers focused on promoting a new vision of society free from many of the trappingsof private property, materialism and consumerism. Our hope is to offer a new vision ofengineering which takes into account many of the elements of our society and our planetwhich have been historically ignored.As described by NSPE, “engineering ethics is (1) the study of moral issues and decisionsconfronting individuals and organizations involved in engineering and (2) the study ofrelated questions about moral conduct, character, ideals

Conference Session

Marketing Engineering as a Career Path to URMs

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jonathan Lambright, Savannah State University; Wayne Johnson, Armstrong Atlantic State University; Cameron Coates, Armstrong Atlantic State University

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

ateam of agents and processes, acting upon the students’ life at decidedly different time intervalsand all with a different focus. The first challenge is that of foundational mathematics and scienceand the critical time frame for the first challenge is that of between 4th and 6th grades. Thesecond challenge is that of instilling a self motivated work ethic towards learning and the criticaltime frame is ideally 9th grade but no later than the beginning of the 11th grade. The thirdchallenge is that of financial accountability and the critical time frame is from freshman throughsophomore years at the undergraduate level. This paper peers into these real challenges ofattracting minority students to engineering careers and offers the seeds for

Conference Session

Using Classroom Technologies

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jana Whittington, Purdue University, Calumet; Joy Colwell, Purdue University, Calumet

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

, the availabilityof Internet resources has contributed to the growth of plagiarism among learners. Learners mayplagiarize because it is the norm, or because they do not know they are plagiarizing, or they donot have the time to read and cite sources. Some researchers have stated that the main form ofcheating [among college students] is plagiarism and that as faculty our role is to educate them onthe ethics of cheating”. Campbell (2001) stated “Teachers’ own philosophical orientations,conscious or not, to moral and ethical issues will ultimately determine how they interpret theirprofessional obligations and their role as moral agents”. Online learning, social collaborationtools and resources open the classroom to a world of knowledge. Given the

Conference Session

Trends in Construction Engineering Education I

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Enno Koehn, Lamar University; Kishore Gopal Vaska, Lamar University; Kartik Paruchuri, Lamar University; James Koehn, Chadron State College

Tagged Divisions

Construction

andcontemporary issues, the senior seminar was revised to include a section on this subject area. Aquestionnaire was also distributed that was designed to measure student perceptions of variousengineering and ethical issues. The findings are illustrated in Table 1 and are described, in part,in the following sections. Table 1. Questionnaire of contemporary issues. Engineering Issues Student perception Correct (%) Partially Incorrect (%) Correct (%) Specifically, What is the number of professional development 30 5 65