Conference Session

INDUSTRY DAY SESSION: CMC PANEL SESSION TWO

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lynette F. Wilcox, Virginia Tech

Tagged Topics

Corporate Member Council, Diversity

-442. 3. Jain, S., George, G., Maltarich, M., 2009. Academics or entrepreneurs? Investigating role identity modification of university scientists involved in commercialization activity. Research Policy 38, 922–935. 4. Rothaermel, F.T., Agung, S., Jiang, L., 2007. University entrepreneurship: a taxonomy of the literature. Industrial and Corporate Change 16 (4), 691–791 5. Louis, K.S., Blumenthal, D., Gluck, M.E., Soto, M.A., 1989. Entrepreneurs in academe: an exploration of behaviors among life scientists. Administrative Science Quarterly, 34, 110–131 6. Meyer, M., 2003. Academic entrepreneurs or entrepreneurial academics? Research-based ventures and public support mechanisms. R&D Management 33

Conference Session

Ocean and Marine Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert W. Whalin, Jackson State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Ocean and Marine

May 2015. This is the firstcoastal or ocean engineering graduate program at an Historic Black College or University(HBCU). Students may choose a thesis, project or course only option. All options require anoral examination. Seven core courses, one mandatory, comprise the coastal engineeringconcentration. The student may select elective courses from among a large variety of civil andenvironmental engineering graduate courses. This flexibility enables the graduate student totailor coursework to their major civil engineering area(s) of career interest. Laboratory facilitiespotentially available to students are briefly described. The program has a coastal natural disasterfocus and was established as part of the Coastal Hazards Center of

Conference Session

Circuits and Systems Education 1

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nicole P Pitterson, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Ruth A. Streveler, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

the fact that students werecourse Levelle. rearranged to accommodate able to use videos repeatedly to Carpinelli, the use of the videos and prepare for exams John D. students' report of the Kimmel, effectiveness of this Howard S endeavourAnalog-circuit - Simoni, Mario. ASEE To present a series of analog- Quantitative Lab Surveys The activities used in the laboratorybased

Conference Session

Engineering Economics Teaching Tools

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Shervin Zoghi, California State University, Fresno

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Economy

26.620.6thinking in terms of groups rather than of individuals.” By understanding and implementing theoutcomes, framework, and tools for actively teaching engineering economics, future engineerscan continue evolving as problem solvers and innovators.References1. Lavelle , J., K. Needy, H. Umphred .”Engineering Economy: A Follow-up Analysis of Current Teaching Practices.” ASEE Annual Conference Proceedings, 1997, Session 1239.2. Johnson, D., R. Johnson, and K. Smith , “Maximizing Instruction Through Cooperative Learning,” ASEE Prism, February 1998, pp. 24-29.3. O’Conner, John. Turning Average Instruction Into Great Instruction. R&L Publication, 2009.4. Bloom, B. S.; Engelhard, M. D.; Furst, E. J.; Hill, W. H.; Krathwohl, D. R. Taxonomy

Conference Session

Community Engagement in Engineering Education Projects

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert V. Pieri, North Dakota State University; Timothy D. Legg, North Dakota State University; Ann Marie Vallie, Turtle Mountain Community College; Lori Nelson, Fort Berthold Community College; Joshua Jason Mattes, Sitting Bull College; Michael Maloy Parker, Cankdeska Cikana Community College; G. Padmanabhan , North Dakota State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Community Engagement Division

the Civil War, shortly after the land-grant legislation was enacted, when the historically blackcollege system was established. The intentional choices made by Tuskegee and Howard collegesto offer classical humanities educational programs versus applied programs was done with theintent of providing a higher-intellectual set of opportunities for their graduates, in effect allowingthem to become doctors and lawyers and teachers as opposed to applied technologists (Carney).The comparable choice for tribally controlled colleges, currently being decided eitherintentionally or not, is the focus of this paper.The tribal college movement, largely born in the late 1960’s and early 1970’s, served twoimmediate demands on their respective reservations

Conference Session

Research on Diversification & Inclusion

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Erin A. Cech, Rice University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering, Liberal Education/Engineering & Society, New Engineering Educators, Student, Women in Engineering

Satisfaction Measures:question was missing). (m) Personal satisfaction from work (n) Satisfaction with quality of work unitSurvey respondents were asked “do you consider (o) Satisfaction with working conditionsyourself to be one or more of the following,” with (p) Employee empowermentthe following response categories offered: (q) Co-workers cooperation“Heterosexual or Straight,” “Gay, Lesbian, (r) Satisfaction with procedures (s) Overall job satisfactionBisexual, or Transgender,” or “Prefer not to say.”Respondents who answered “prefer not to say” were excluded from

Conference Session

First-year Programs Division Technical Session 10: Paying Attention to Retention

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William John Palm IV P.E., Roger Williams University; Charles R Thomas, Roger Williams University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

Conference Session

Robotics, Automation, and Product Development

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cheng Y. Lin P.E., Old Dominion University; Yuzhong Shen, Old Dominion University; Zhili Hao, Old Dominion University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

., “Introduction to Robotics in CIM Systems”, Prentice Hall, 2003 2. Niku, S., “Introduction to Robotics: Analysis, Control, and Applications”, John, Willey, and Sons, Inc., 20103. Lin, C., Verma, A., and Wells, S., “A Flexible Algorithm and Programming Scheme for Robotic Transformation”, Journal of Engineering Technology, 19954. “Robotic Arm” , http://www.csc.kth.se/~chek/teaching/EL2310/coursework/matlab_project/matlab_project.html5. “CNC Programming and Industrial Robotics”, http://nptel.ac.in/courses/112103174/module7/lec5/3.html6. Paul, R., “Robot Manipulators: Mathematics, Programming, and Control” Boston, Mass: M.I.T. Press, 19827. Denavit, and Hartenberg, R., “A Kinematic Notation for Lower-Pair Mechanism Based on Matrices

Conference Session

Reporting Out: Dissemination of Several NSF Projects of Interest to Two-Year Colleges

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lea K. Marlor, University of California, Berkeley; Sharnnia Artis, University of California, Berkeley; Catherine T. Amelink, Virginia Tech

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Two Year College Division

participated in this program have seen asignificant improvement in transfer rates into a 4 year school to 94% when compared to a 39%statewide average1, and of this, 97% of those who transferred are now working towards anundergraduate degree in a STEM major. Participants also leave at the end of the summer statinga higher career aspiration while also feeling like they are less likely to attend graduate school.[1] Community Colleges Chancellor’s Office- Management Information Systems Data Marthttp://datamart.cccco.edu/Default.aspx[2] Artis, S., et al, Transfer-to-Excellence: Research Experiences for Undergraduates at California CommunityColleges, Presented at ASEE 2014

Conference Session

Women in Engineering Division: Curricular Programs

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Emily Olina Wisniewski, Northeastern University ; Rachel Lauren Shapiro, Northeastern University; Emma Kaeli, Northeastern University ; Kristen Barbara Coletti, Georgia Institute of Technology; Paul A. DiMilla, Northeastern University; Rachelle Reisberg, Northeastern University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

2013 2014 Students Survey S Students Survvey Pop pulation Enrolled Parrticipants Enrolled Particiipants Non n-honors 375 5 334 456 4008 Honors H 99 83 132 1116 Non-honors male 3 283 260 336 2994 Non-ho onors female 92 74

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Todd France, University of Colorado Boulder

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

Conference Session

Mathematics Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ruth Rodríguez-Gallegos, Tecnologico de Monterrey (ITESM); Rafael Ernesto Bourguet-Diaz, Tecnologico de Monterrey (ITESM)

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

the second part of the session, the last 45 minutes, the student is asked to observe for a secondtime the software so that they can adapt it to the studied situation in class. They first studied thesystem of two tanks, but now salt is added to the incoming flow. Now what we are concernedabout is the variable Amount of Salt in the tank S(t) [The figure below is an example of 1 tankwith water mixed with salt]. dS = IS- OS;S(t = 0) = S0 dt dS

Conference Session

Women in Engineering Division: Retention of Undergraduate Students

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Malini Natarajarathinam, Texas A&M University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

, L.J., Ikeda, E.K., & Yee, J.A. (2000). How service learning affects students. Higher Education Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles. 5. Billig, S.H. & Waterman, A.S. (2003). Studying service learning. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. 6. Blum, L. & Frieze, C. & Hazzan, O. & Dias, M. B. (2006) “ A Cultural Perspective on Gender Diversity in Computing” Proceedings of ACM Special Interest Group on Computer Science Education 2006 7. Brainard, S.G. and L. Carlin (1998), “A six year longitudinal study of undergraduate women in engineering and science,” Journal of Engineering Education, 87: 369-376. 8. Braxton, J. M., Hirschy, A. S., &

Conference Session

Out-of-school-time Engineering: Implications for Underrepresented Students

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Armanda Gonzalez, University of Michigan; Joanna Mirecki Millunchick, University of Michigan

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

socialcapital, aid students in developing an engineering identity, and act to better integratetypically underrepresented groups in STEM fields.References1 A. Ludden, (2011). Engagement in school and community civic activities among rural ado- lescents.Journal of Youth & Adolescence, 40(9), 1254–1270.2. E. O’Brien, & M. Rollefson, (1995). Extracurricular participation and student engagement. NationalCenter for Educational Statistics Report 95-741. Retrieved from http://nces.ed.gov/pubs95/web/95741.asp3. S. D. Whitney, L. M. Renner, & T. I. Herrenkohl, (2010). Gender differences in risk/protection profilesfor low academic performance. Journal of Community Psychology, 38(4), 435–455.4. D. Wilson, D. Jones, M. J. Kim, C. Allendoerfer, R. Bates

Conference Session

Diversity in Community Engagement Implementation II

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ziyu Long, Colorado State University; Sean Eddington, Purdue University; Jessica Pauly; Linda Hughes-Kirchubel, Purdue University; Klod Kokini, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Patrice Marie Buzzanell, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Community Engagement Division

design was adopted in this project because of its ability to extendthe breadth and range of inquiry by using different methods, to clarify results from one methodwith the results from the other method(s), and to seek elaboration enhancement, convergence,and corroboration of results of different methods (Greene, Caracelli, & Graham, 1989). Weelaborate on our two-phase design as follows. In the first phase, the research team designed a survey based on existing scales andpractical insights from experienced NFLC facilitators and university administrators. The surveywas conducted with faculty members (n=49, with 29 participated in the NFLC) who were hiredsince 2004 with special attention to faculty who started after 2011 (the initiation of

Conference Session

Works in Progress: Innovation Through Propagation

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Susan M. Lord, University of San Diego; Denise Rutledge Simmons P.E., Virginia Tech; Larry J. Shuman, University of Pittsburgh

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

/oradaptation of these examples and models. We further acknowledge the need to adapt knowledgetransfer models into practices for administrators and faculty that take into account uniqueorganizational contexts.ConclusionWe have highlighted and discussed four foci related to improving and diversifying engineeringpathways in college: structural issues, data driven research, academic leadership and knowledgetransfer. We look forward to receiving input from the community to advance the discussion.References1. Besterfield-Sacre, M., and L.J. Shuman (2016). Innovation through Propagation II: A Roadmap for Engineering Education. In Proceedings of the 2016 ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, New Orleans, LA2 Foor, C. E., & Walden, S. E. (2009

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session II

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Charles Lam, California State University, Bakersfield; Melissa Danforth, California State University, Bakersfield; Ronald Hughes, California State University, Bakersfield

Tagged Topics

Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session

this materialare those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National ScienceFoundation.Bibliography[1] S. G.-O. a. E. O. Sheybani, "Retaining Minority Students in Engineering: Undergraduate Research in Partnership with NASA," in ASEE Annual Conference, San Antonio, Texas, June 2012.[2] C. a. Z. D. Alvarado, "Women in CS: an evaluation of three promising practices," in Proceedings of the 41st ACM technical symposium on Computer science education, 2010.

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session II

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephanie M. George PhD, East Carolina University; Nathaniel Paul von der Embse, Temple University; Zachary J Domire, East Carolina University

Tagged Topics

Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session

., and S. Hu. 2001. The Effects of Student-Faculty Interaction in the 1990s. Review of Higher Education 24: 309-32.2. Lundberg, C. A., and L. A. Schreiner. 2004. Quality and Frequency of Faculty-Student Interaction as Predictors of Learning: An Analysis by Student Race/Ethnicity. Journal of College Student Development 45: 549- 65.3. Kim, Y. E., and L. J. Sax. 2009. Student-Faculty Interaction in Research Universities: Differences by Student Gender, Race, Social Class, and First-Generation Status. Review of Higher Education 50: 437-59.4. Sax, L. J. , A. N. Bryant, and C. E. Harper. 2005. The Differential Effects of Student-Faculty Interaction on College Outcomes for Women and Men

Conference Session

Minorities in Engineering Division Technical Session 5

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Shabnam Etemadi Brady, Tennessee State University; Walter C. Lee, Virginia Tech; Lesia L. Crumpton-Young, Tennessee State University; Germysha Emily Little, Tennessee State University; Lydia Davis, Tennessee State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

directly linked to student persistence. The factors outlined in thisframework will be central to understanding student success at HBCUs and enable the connectionof the present study’s findings to existing literature.MethodsThe researchers implemented an iterative, descriptive research model by including the followingaction items: (a) engaging research participants; (b) developing data collection strategies; (c)defining variables and constructs; and (d) gathering information and investigating researchquestion(s). This paper focuses on the data collected currently from one institution. The presentresearch study findings are informed by quantitative data. Data from additional HBCUs will becollected and analyzed subsequently.ParticipantsParticipants

Conference Session

Women in Engineering Technical Session

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andrea Nana Ofori-Boadu, North Carolina A&T State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

Conference Session

Biological & Agricultural Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Pradeep Kashinath Waychal, Western Michigan University; Pawan Ramchandra Galande

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Biological and Agricultural Engineering

Change, 2004. 52(3): p. 509- 542.2. Kumar, P. and S. Mittal, Agricultural productivity trends in India: Sustainability issues. Agricultural Economics Research Review, 2006. 19(2006).3. World-Bank. A report on Indian country summary of higher education. 2006; Available from: http://worldbank.org. .4. PATEL, D.J.I., Education System in India. Education, 2013. 2(2).5. Tinto, V., Leaving college: Rethinking the causes and cures of student attrition (second edition). 1994: ERIC.6. Lee, W.C. and H.M. Matusovich, A Model of Co-Curricular Support for Undergraduate Engineering Students. Journal of Engineering Education, 2016. 105(3): p. 406-430.7. Felder, R.M. and R. Brent, Teaching and learning STEM

Conference Session

Integrating Experiential Learning into the Curriculum

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mark J. Povinelli, Syracuse University; Jonnell A. Robinson, Syracuse University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative and Experiential Education

in Fig. 1. Fig. 1. Design Thinking Process.The first step in our design thinking process is empathetic understanding and ethicalconsideration of the human problem being undertaken. Empathy is the process whereby thedesigner understands the needs, experiences, and motivations of the person(s) they are designingfor (end users) and the stakeholders. Both emotional and cognitive empathy play a role in thisstep. Empathy can be achieved by various actions and activities. This includes observation,immersion, direct interaction with the end- users and stakeholders, reading, and storytelling [38]- [42]. Through this the designer develops a deeper understanding of the people and issuesinvolved. Ethical

Conference Session

Minorities in Engineering Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Elizabeth Marie Spingola, Virginia Tech Department of Engineering Education

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

perception of disabilities in engineering and the literature gaps can be mademore apparent. Furthering research and understanding in this field can potentially lead to a betterunderstanding of the recruitment and retention of disabled engineering students. References1. Long, M., Steinke, J., Applegate, B., Knight Lapinski, M., Johnson, M. J., & Ghosh, S. (2010). Portrayals of male and female scientists in television programs popular among middle school-age children. Science Communication, 32(3), 356-382.2. Thomas, N., & Smith, A. (2003). Preoccupied with able-bodiedness? An analysis of the British media coverage of the 2000 Paralympic Games. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 20(2), 166

Conference Session

Research, Innovation and Careers

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ali Zilouchian, Florida Atlantic University; Nancy Romance, Florida Atlantic University; Annie Laurie Myers, Broward College; Dana Hamadeh, Palm Beach State College; Michael Vitale, East Carolina University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Two-Year College

Conference Session

Research, Innovation and Careers

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jorge E Loyo Rosales, Rice University; Armineh Noravian, Arizona State University; Alison Cook-Davis, Arizona State University; Carrie A. Obenland, Rice University; Carolyn Nichol, Rice University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Two-Year College

Conference Session

Track: Collegiate - Technical Session 3

Collection

2019 CoNECD - The Collaborative Network for Engineering and Computing Diversity

Authors

Stephen Secules, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Walter C. Lee, Virginia Tech; Karis Boyd-Sinkler, Virginia Tech; Adam Stark Masters, Virginia Tech; Cynthia Hampton, Virginia Tech; Ashley R. Taylor, Virginia Tech; Dustin M. Grote, Virginia Tech

Tagged Topics

Collegiate, Diversity

Karis Boyd-Sinkler is a doctoral candidate in Engineering Education at Virginia Tech. She also serves as support staff for the Center for the Enhancement of Engineering Diversity where she is involved in the recruitment, outreach, and retention of engineering students. Her research interests include diversity in engineering and the role of engineering student support centers in regards to student attrition and persistence rates. Ms. Boyd received her B.S. in Engineering Science from the University of Virginia in 2014.Adam Stark Masters, Virginia Tech Adam S. Masters is a doctoral student and Graduate Research Assistant at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. They received a B.S. in Mechanical

Conference Session

Track: Collegiate Technical Session 12

Collection

2019 CoNECD - The Collaborative Network for Engineering and Computing Diversity

Authors

Michael Scott Sheppard Jr., Arizona State University; Nadia N. Kellam, Arizona State University; Samantha Ruth Brunhaver, Arizona State University

Tagged Topics

Collegiate, Diversity

]. It is important to note that the framework is one model of the transition processand that as few or as many S’s as are deemed appropriate can be used to describe the transitionprocess. Figure 1 provides a visual representation of the cyclic nature of a transition and the fourmain aspects of this theoretical framework.Figure 1: The Schlossberg Transition Theory Framework (adapted from Schlossberg, 1981).Each S within this framework addresses an aspect of transition. Self describes personalcharacteristics of one’s image and their psychological resources. It also includes demographiccharacteristics, perceptions of themselves, and their value systems. Situation is rooted more inthe actual transition and the changes that are occurring. This is

Conference Session

Track : Learning Spaces, Pedagogy, & Curriculum Design Technical Session 7

Collection

2019 CoNECD - The Collaborative Network for Engineering and Computing Diversity

Authors

Mahauganee Dawn Bonds, Georgia Institute of Technology; Veronica van Montfrans, Georgia Institute of Technology; Joseph M. LeDoux, Georgia Institute of Technology; Wendy C. Newstetter, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Topics

Diversity, Learning Spaces, Pedagogy & Curriculum Design

they bring, dominant and marginal identities, to thedepartment. The results suggest the course does NOT make salient these surface-level diversityattributes and that students lack an understanding or appreciation of the impact these attributescan have on how individuals experience the team, or how this may impact overall team function.References:1 Casper, W. J., Wayne, J. H., & Manegold, J. G. (2013). Who will we recruit? Targeting dep- and surface-level diversity with human resource policy adversity. Human Resource Management 52(3):311-332.2 Data USA. (2018). Biomedical engineering. Available from: https://datausa.io/profile/cip/1405/#demographics.3 Horwitz, S. K. & Horwitz, R. B. (2007). The

Conference Session

Embedded Systems and Cybersecurity in ECE

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Shaghayegh Abbasi, University of San Diego; Ernest M. Kim, University of San Diego

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

actuators and programthe car in order to accomplish the following tasks upon execution of the program: 1. The desired speed of the car is taken from the user in m/s unit. Once the user enters the speed, the car starts moving. 2. The car follows a 2.5cm-wide black line on a white surface. 3. If there is an obstacle on the way, the car stops, goes around the obstacle, and continues its path.In addition to these features, students should be able to control the car manually from their phoneor their computer. Figure 1: Osoyoo Robot CarIII. A. HardwareThe main components in our robot car project are as follows: i. Line follower sensors ii. Ultrasonic sensor iii. Camera iv. DC motors v

Conference Session

Reimagining Engineering Ethics

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Grant A. Fore, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis; Justin L. Hess, Purdue University; Andrew Katz, Virginia Tech

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

other words, the experience of relationality and ethical concern are ontologically priorto defining engineering’s role in a given moment. Returning to one of our recent publications [1],I would argue that we first feel and experience what is going on before we can reflectively thinkabout such experience. We feel and experience relationships with all that we encounter in a givenevent, and we are affected by those encounters. Responsibilities, obligations, and valuations arisetherefrom. In being affected by the multiplicity within an encounter, there is significant potentialfor conflict and difficulties associated with assigning/identifying value(s). Once the experienceoccurs, we objectify it, mine it for information, and seek to address it