Conference Session

Civil Engineering Division - Huh? What Did You Say? What Does That Mean?

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michelle Marincel Payne, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Namita Shrestha, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

related to theircapstone design project or team and/or their future careers. These reflections were due two daysafter each speaker’s presentation to keep students from falling behind.3. Methods 3.1 Research questionIn our research, we set out to assess the impact of the redesigned CE Codes and Regulationscourse on students’ learning related to ethics for the practicing civil engineer. This study aimedto answer the following research question:Can professional, civil engineering-focused ethical instruction scaffolded in a Codes andRegulations course impact students’ preparation to be successful, ethically-minded civilengineering practitioners? 3.2 Participants, data collection, and analysisAt Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology, the CE Codes

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session I

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yu-Fang Jin, The University of Texas at San Antonio; Jianwei Niu, The University of Texas at San Antonio

Tagged Topics

Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session

tojoin graduate schools. Some REU alumni became our teaching and research assistants afterjoining the graduate school at UTSA. This student pipeline provided early exposure to researchactivities for high school students and helped ensure the continuity of our research program.Interactions among REU participants and mentors: We have established email lists andsocial media groups to foster a collaborative environment for REU participants, utilizingplatforms such as LinkedIn and Discord. REU mentors communicate with participants regularlychecking their academic progress and professional development following their REU training.Enhancing REU participants’ belonging to the professional community with learn-practice-service cycleIn the current REU

Conference Session

Studying Engineering Education Research & Institutions

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Atsushi Akera, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Xiaofeng Tang, Penn State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods, Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

high school graduates continue on to Baccalaureate-level (B.Eng. or B.Sc.) instruction, and for 50% of these to obtain the higher Candidate’s degree (M.Sc.)  Simultaneously, an attempt to contain the costs of higher education through the rationalization of higher education, both through the legislatively mandated consolidation of the nation’s semi-professional schools (those established for teachers, technicians, nurses and others) into a single University College system, and through fiscal policies designed to force administrative restructuring within the nation’s universities. Many nationally funded, not-for-profit research institutes were also absorbed into the nation’s universities under

Conference Session

BME Courses

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

James Sweeney; Heather Cullen; Alyssa Panitch

understand the impact of engineering solutions in a global and societal context‚ (3i) A recognition of the need for, and an ability to engage in life-long learning‚ (3j) A knowledge of contemporary issues‚ (3k) An ability to use the techniques, skills, and modern engineering tools necessary for engineering practice‚ (4) Students must be prepared for engineering practice through the curriculum culminating in a major design experience based on the knowledge and skills acquired in earlier course work and incorporating engineering standards and realistic constraints that include most of the following considerations: economic; environmental; sustainability; manufacturability; ethical; health and safety; social; and political

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2002 Annual Conference

Authors

William M. Pottenger; Soma Roy; Shreeram A. Sahasrabudhe; Qiang Wang; Jeffrey J. Heigl; G. Drew Kessler; David R. Gevry

classes in connection with object-oriented design. In the past,graduate students have found it difficult to master this material from lecture and textbooks alone.Our premise is that multimedia will help students understand the material better, objectively, andalso improve their design of actual ADTs to solve a problem.* This project is funded by National Science Foundation (Grant Number EIA-0087977) Page 7.364.1 Proceedings of the 2002 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright  2002, American Society for Engineering EducationFor CS0/1, we began revising both the

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship Education: Experiential Learning and Economic Development I

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gerald Nelson, Mississippi State University; Byron Williams, Mississippi State University; Gary Butler, Mississippi State University

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

students throughresearch. While conducting basic research is important to developing hypotheses and acquiringknowledge about a phenomena, applied research is required when the goal is technologycommercialization. Applied research is designed to solve practical problems in the real world.Conducting applied research provides value not only to the researcher, but also to the populationwhom the research benefits.In order to motivate faculty to have a focus on applied research that has the potential forcommercialization, the promotion and tenure process must be augmented. A tenure process thatpromotes commercialization should provide incentives for working with industry, starting a

Conference Session

Self-Advocacy, Sense of Belonging, Measuring Authentic Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion, and Construction Management Education Programs

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Winifred Opoku, The Ohio State University; Jameka Wiggins, The Ohio State University; Monica Farmer Cox, The Ohio State University; Kaitlyn Harper

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering Division(MIND)

. As a rising engineering education scholar, she aims to use her research to provide tools to design more inclusive and supportive learning spaces for students from diverse backgrounds.Jameka Wiggins, The Ohio State University Jameka Wiggins is a graduate student at The Ohio State University, pursuing a Ph.D. in Engineering Ed- ucation with a specialization in Organizational Change in Higher Education and Industry and a Master’s in Engineering Management. As a scholar and advocate, she seeks to amplify the voices of underrepre- sented groups in engineering by exploring their experiences, encouraging student and faculty engagement through critical questioning, and supporting these groups both personally and

Conference Session

Design in Engineering Education Division: Postcard and Student Essays

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Malini Josiam, University of Texas, Austin; Anita Patrick, University of Texas, Austin; Madison E. Andrews, University of Texas, Austin; Maura J. Borrego, University of Texas, Austin

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

, University of Texas, Austin Maura Borrego is Director of the Center for Engineering Education and Professor of Mechanical Engi- neering and STEM Education at the University of Texas at Austin. She previously served as a Program Director at the National Science Foundation, on the board of the American Society for Engineering Edu- cation, and as an associate dean and director of interdisciplinary graduate programs. Her research awards include U.S. Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers (PECASE), a National Science Foundation CAREER award, and two outstanding publication awards from the American Educational Research Association for her journal articles. Dr. Borrego is Deputy Editor for Journal of

Conference Session

The Interdisciplinary Nature of Engineering

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mehmet Vurkaç, Oregon Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society, Multidisciplinary Engineering

graduates need a broaderperspective of the role they and their activities play in the world at large.In addition to the practical purpose of strengthening our graduates’ engineering careers, theliterature also has much to say about the role of engineers in society, and the societal value ofHSS in preparing engineering graduates (who may function as engineers, managers,entrepreneurs, lawmakers, etc.) for that role. “The liberal arts help equip us for citizenship,”states Unfinished Design [2, p. 7]. “They can sharpen our critical powers and help us examineour preconceptions.” (Ibid.) Arms writes about “the development of the student as a person” [4,p. 141], and emphasizes Drexel’s E4 program’s selection of “[m]eritorious texts … to

Conference Session

Research on Diversification & Inclusion

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Brewer, University of Georgia; Nicola Sochacka, University of Georgia; Joachim Walther, University of Georgia

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering, Liberal Education/Engineering & Society, New Engineering Educators, Student, Women in Engineering

what thiscareer path would look like in practice, but I’m committed to finding out.About half way through my freshman environmental seminar, my professor, Dr. Walther, askedme if I would be interested in working on a research project in engineering education. Hedescribed a study of media representations of engineering that he was working on with hiscolleague and told me that they were looking for a student who would like to help with dataanalysis. I agreed, and attended his research group’s next meeting. I was initially intimidated byworking with professors on a research project, but I quickly became comfortable after help andencouragement from my supervisors.My participation in this research group formed the context for the present

Conference Session

Virtual Training, Online and Open Education; Instructional Technology

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Pabst; Lee A. Dosse, University of Pittsburgh; Samantha E Wismer, University of Maryland; Matthew M. Barry, University of Pittsburgh

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM)

same students also commented that they feel more motivated to learnusing an interactive textbook, that the textbook increased their interest in the class, and that thetextbook also made the class more efficient.Another study from 2009 was conducted to see the impact on learning from a web-basedinteractive statics course [20]. The study consisted of 110 students, and researchers trackedstudent use of interactive exercises, referred to as tutors, for each module. They then comparedthe grades of quizzes for each module for those who used low (one to six), medium (seven to 14),and high (15 to 23) numbers of tutors per module. There was a statistically significant increase inperformance from the students who had medium- and high-use of the tutors

Conference Session

Electrical and Computer Engineering Division (ECE) Poster Session

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mohammad Al Mestiraihi, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley ; Kurt Henry Becker, Utah State University - Engineering Education

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer Engineering Division (ECE)

training required. Thestudy's restriction to faculty, alumni, and recruiters at a business school in southern Californiawas acknowledged by the authors as a study drawback. They suggested conducting moreresearch to see if there are any potential discrepancies in issues similar to those raised in thecurrent study [29].The previous studies have confirmed that there is a gap between engineering education andindustrial practices and skills. Much of this gap can be attributed to the lack of the engineeringfaculty's industrial experience, as most universities focus on research [16]. Other reasons for thisgap can be related to differences in the way of thinking and differences in their goals andobjectives, as academics strive for recognition from their

Conference Session

Teaching Communication II

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Victoria Vadyak; Michael Alley, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Joanna K. Garner, Old Dominion University; Christine Haas, Christine Haas Consulting

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

, research, and service. Teaching. With respect to teaching, UTREE mentors teach or assist the teaching ofclass periods about communication and teamwork in several engineering courses. In2013, UTREE taught more than 60 class periods on communication and teamwork. Mostof the students that UTREE teaching mentors instruct are first-year design students, butUTREE also teaches upper level classes and assists in the teaching of graduate studentseminars. Table 1 shows a breakdown of the types of class periods taught. One of the class periods that UTREE mentors teach concerns rethinking the topic-subtopic approach that most engineers and scientists follow for structuring theirengineering presentations. In this class period, the mentors first

Conference Session

Outstanding Contributions to ME

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Paul Corder, Lamar University; Jiang Zhou, Lamar University; Kendrick Aung, Lamar University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

technical papers and presented several papers at national and international conferences. Page 12.1266.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2007 Senior Design and the US Space ProgramAbstractABET defines engineering as “the profession in which a knowledge of the mathematical andnatural sciences gained by study, experience and practice is applied with judgment to developways to use economically the materials and forces of nature for the benefit of mankind.”Engineers are problem solvers. They graduate from school with a formal education and a set of“tools”. In addition to the tools of societal knowledge

Conference Session

Broad Perspectives on the Chemical Engineering Curriculum

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Watson L. Vargas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá; Oscar Alvarez P.E., Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá; Jorge Mario Gomez, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

students whoare still in the process of learning how to generate ideas for product design, since it is a strategythat allows students to ensure that their innovation ideas are quickly followed by implementationusing resources close at hand.The final project in this design experience is the Graduation Project (a compulsory requirementfor graduation), conducted during the senior year, with emphasis in research or applications. Theindependent work to be developed in this project aims to provide students with a space forcarrying out the integration of knowledge and skills necessary to properly perform a veryspecific task which involves components of either Product and/or Process Design. Depending onthe level of complexity, such project can be

Conference Session

International Developments & Collaborations

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

A.K.M. Abdul Quader; Shamsuddin Ilias; Franklin King; Keith Schimmel

in Environmental Remediation under the AirForce FAST Center and are also a part of the 20 million dollar NSF Science & TechnologyCenter on Environmentally Benign CO2 Solvents and Processes. Drs. Ilias and Schimmel aredesignated Lucent Tech Industrial Ecology Faculty Fellow for their work on membrane-basedseparations in pollution prevention and waste reduction. Since 1997, the department has offeredan undergraduate/graduate elective in pollution prevention. Thus, it is logical for NCA&TSU touse its faculty experience in helping BUET with faculty development in the area of pollutionprevention and collaborative research in pollution prevention.III. Partnership AchievementsThe two-year project to establish a linkage program in

Conference Session

K-12 Engineering and Pre-College Outreach Poster Session

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Abhijit Nagchaudhuri, University of Maryland-Eastern Shore; Madhumi Mitra, University of Maryland-Eastern Shore

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

sensing and precision agriculture, robotics, systems and control and design of mechanical and mechatronic systems. Dr. Nagchaudhuri received his bachelors degree from Jadavpur University in Calcutta, India with a honors in Mechanical Engineering in 1983, thereafter, he worked in a multinational industry for 4 years before joining Tulane University as a graduate student in the fall of 1987. He received his M.S. degree from Tulane University in 1989 and Ph.D. degree from Duke University in 1992.Madhumi Mitra, University of Maryland-Eastern Shore Madhumi Mitra is currently an Assistant Professor of Biology and Environmental Science at University of Maryland Eastern Shore. She is also the

Conference Session

Research Experience in Stormwater Management

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Vinod K. Lohani, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

organized. All REU fellows made final research presentations to all faculty and graduatementors at this ceremony. Several parents attended this ceremony. Students YouTube videos werescreened and all attendees voted for the best videos. This ceremony followed a group lunch andSite work officially ended after this ceremony.4.0 The Research ProgramInterdisciplinary research is the unique strength of our REU Site. Eleven faculty representingcivil and environmental engineering, engineering education, geosciences, biological sciences, andcrop and soil environmental sciences and their graduate students mentored the REU fellows.Figure 2 shows a word cloud of the keywords from REU fellows’ research papers in summer of2011. Each year, a Research Proceedings

Conference Session

Interdisciplinary Design Projects in ET

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andrew Otieno, Northern Illinois University; Abul Azad, Northern Illinois University; Radha Balamuralikrishna, Northern Illinois University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

generally agree that anintegrated interdisciplinary curriculum results in greater enhanced problem-solving skills andhigher achievement; and that motivation to learn increases when students focus on problems thatare interesting to solve3. Other researchers such as Jeffries4 and Kitto5 have also emphasized howsimultaneous engineering has become an agent for sweeping reforms in manufacturingeducation. Internationally, the integrated product and process development paradigm ofsimultaneous engineering has positively impacted manufacturing education in countries such asAustralia, Brazil, China, and Japan in recent years6-9. Evidently, simultaneous engineeringcontinues to be the norm in modern manufacturing education and hence a meaningfulmanufacturing

Conference Session

Professional Papers

Collection

2025 ASEE Southeast Conference

Authors

Lianjun Wu, Mercer University; Arash Afshar, Mercer University; Dorina Marta Mihut; Belle Lin; Melanie L McElroy, Mercer University ; Jordi Riera Shephard, Mercer University; Michael James Norenberg, Mercer University

Tagged Topics

Professional Papers

, comfortable, and aesthetically pleasing –must be addressed in future innovations. Thisresearch project aims to design, fabricate, and characterize actuators for prosthetic devices. Theultimate goal is to utilize this technology to create a functional, lightweight, affordable, andsocially acceptable prosthetic hand. The objective of this paper is to present the progress madetowards developing such a prosthetic hand at Mercer University. This project aligns with MercerUniversity's "Mercer on Mission" program, which focuses on providing prosthetics to underservedpopulations. By connecting this research to a real-world application, we aim to enhance theeducational experience and motivate students to understand the societal impact of

Collection

1997 Annual Conference

Authors

Don M. Coleman; Arthur S. Paul

international institutions, and to serve as role models in their communities.3. To conduct plans and outreach programs that will respond to the needs of the African- American Community, the Nation and the developing World.4. To pursue and conduct research programs that contribute to the state-of-the-art in Systems Engineering and Computer Science, and serve as a vehicle for education and the development of our department.The objectives and corresponding Measures of Performance of the SCS Department follow:(1) To improve the productivity of all academic programs. • Number of graduates/year • Retention rate • Average stay in the program(2) To support the School and University by continuing to offer

Conference Session

Values in Engineering: Ethics and Justice-Oriented Engineering

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kassandra Fernandez, University of Florida; Sindia M. Rivera-Jiménez, University of Florida

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society Division (LEES)

an adjunct professor of Microbiology at a Hispanic-serving community college in Miami, Florida. As an educator, they utilized equitable teaching practices and encouraged student agency to ensure positive learning outcomes. Their doctoral research focuses on so- cial responsibility in science and engineering, with special emphasis placed on the importance of science communication and policy advocacy. They are also interested in the intersection of institutional culture and transformational change towards cultivating more inclusive and equitable access for underrepresented minority students in STEM fields. Outside of their research, they are the President of the Policy Advocacy in Science and Engineering (PASE

Collection

2001 Annual Conference

Authors

Frederick Orthlieb

markets. Such grants offer faculty and their students theopportunity for a more traditional, extended research experience, with adequate time to reflect on alternativeapproaches, design of experiments, interpretation of data and the technical and societal significance of findings.While undergraduate faculty are at some disadvantage in proposing such research unless their laboratories areparticularly well-equipped by virtue of ongoing graduate research activity, faculty who are willing to pursueresearch on industrially-significant topics that "fall in the cracks" among higher-priority R&D goals can use thesesources to develop a program of specialized, frequently methodological research work as a means of steadysupport for undergraduate

Conference Session

Philosophical Foundations, Frameworks, and Testing in K-12 Engineering

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Sonia Sanchez; S. Khalid Latif; Elias Faraclas; Catherine Koehler; Kazem Kazerounian

fundamental subject matter as opposed to merely existing as a tool [11].Principle Aim and Direction for the Engineering Education FrameworksAs stated in the principle aim of EEF, it is our goal “to produce a technically literate society proficient with state-of-the-art engineering tools. To accomplish this end, it is necessary for students in grades 9-12 to develop sophisticated and systematic methods for the exploration, understanding, and improvement of technology. This is accomplished by providing a rich experience in multidisciplinary research, decision making and problem solving which unifies mathematical, scientific, socioeconomic and ethical principles to practical applications.”Since

Conference Session

ECE Curriculum Innovations

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lisa Huettel, Duke University; April Brown, Duke University; Leslie Collins, Duke University; Kip Coonley, Duke University; Michael Gustafson, Duke University; Jungsang Kim, Duke University; Gary Ybarra, Duke University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

2006-1373: A NOVEL INTRODUCTORY COURSE FOR TEACHING THEFUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERINGLisa Huettel, Duke University LISA G. HUETTEL, Ph.D., is an Assistant Professor of the Practice and Director of Undergraduate Laboratories in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Duke University. She is interested in engineering education and the application of statistical signal processing to remote sensing. She received her M.S. and Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from Duke University.April Brown, Duke University APRIL S. BROWN, Ph.D., is Professor and Chair of the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Duke University. Her research is focused

Conference Session

Civil Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Douglas G Schmucker, University of Utah; Steven J. Burian, University of Utah

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

about the first course in the sequence:CvEEN 1000 Introduction to Civil and Environmental Engineering, CvEEN 3100 TechnicalCommunications for Civil Engineers, and CvEEN 4910 Professional Practice & Design. CvEEN4910 is the capstone course for the program. All three classes are required for graduates of thedepartment’s baccalaureate programs. Each is a one semester experience. Table 1 Professional Skills Outcomes and Courses in the Utah CvEEN Program U. of Semester Course Title BOK Professional Related Outcomes* Utah CreditCvEEN Hours

Conference Session

Electrical and Computer Division Technical Session 6

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

H. Bryan Riley, Ohio University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

by trend line equation)For example, the change in sensor reading from 5 cmto 10 cm was much greater than the change in sensorreading from 30 cm to 35 cm. To account for the Figure 8.0 Sensor Output vs. Distance [cm]non-linear characteristics of the IR sensors thestudents needed to develop an approximate managerial and invaluable teamwork experiences.exponential curve that was best fit. To do so, The process of starting a research project and seeingstudents placed the host RC at different distances it through has many moving parts which the teamranging from 10 cm to 40 cm while measuring the was unfamiliar with but can now say they

Conference Session

Innovations in Additive Manufacturing Education

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jay Watson, Putnam County School System; Fred Vondra, Tennessee Technological University; Ismail Fidan, Tennessee Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

Printing, Casting, and Entrepreneurship1. AbstractCasting is one of the oldest manufacturing processes. 3D Printing is known as one of the newesttechnologies used in the manufacturing field, and it is almost thirty years old. Although bothtechnologies are commonly used in various fields of industry and daily life, this research studyreports a unique implementation of both technologies in a new entrepreneurial environment. Theentire study had been performed in Summer 2016 as part of the Research Experiences forTeachers (RET) Supplement of a National Science foundation (NSF) funded project. In tenweeks of extensive design, 3D Printing, and casting studies, several best practices between theP16 educators and students have been established. As a

Conference Session

Active Learning and Undergraduate Research in ET

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yanjun Yan, Western Carolina University; Sudhir Kaul, Western Carolina University; Chip W. Ferguson, Western Carolina University; Paul M. Yanik, Western Carolina University; April Tallant, Western Carolina University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

their classmates. More importantly, these contracts can be a part of a researchproject to help advance the faculty member’s scholarship, or a response to industry orcommunity needs, which help solve real-world problems [4]. Benefits of Honors contracts to thestudent include working closely with a faculty mentor, tailoring their education based on theirinterests and take a greater responsibility in their education [5].The impact of the Honors contactsin undergraduate engineering research at WCU has been far-reaching and significant.In this paper, the motivations, practices, and impact of the Honors contracts are examined.Student perceptions and the applications of Honors contracts, in developing an undergraduateengineering research experience

Conference Session

Faculty Development

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sarah E. Zappe, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Kirsten S Hochstedt, Pennsylvania State University, University Park ; Elizabeth C. Kisenwether, Pennsylvania State University, University Park

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

response process validity of tests and instruments.Ms. Kirsten Susan Hochstedt, Pennsylvania State University, University Park Kirsten Hochstedt is a Graduate Assistant at the Leonhard Center for the Enhancement of Engineering Education. She received her M.S. in educational psychology, with an emphasis in educational and psy- chological measurement, at Penn State and is currently a doctoral candidate in the same program. The primary focus of her research concerns assessing the response structure of test scores using item response theory methodology.Prof. Elizabeth C. Kisenwether, Pennsylvania State University, University Park