Conference Session

ERM: Persistence and Attrition in Engineering

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kanembe Shanachilubwa, Pennsylvania State University; Catherine Berdanier, Pennsylvania State University; Gabriella Sallai, Pennsylvania State University

mechanisms, metrics, policy, and amelioration; engineering writing and communication; and methodological development for nontraditional data. Her NSF CAREER award studies master’s-level departure from the engineering doctorate as a mechanism of attrition. Catherine earned her B.S. in Chemistry from The University of South Dakota, her M.S. in Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering from Purdue University, and Ph.D. in Engineering Education from Purdue University.Gabriella M Sallai Gabriella Sallai is a PhD candidate in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at The Pennsylvania State University. Her work characterizes engineering graduate students’ experiences within graduate school. Gaby earned a Bachelor’s degree in

Conference Session

Faculty Development Division Technical Session 5

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Heidi Sherick, University of Michigan; Pauline Khan, University of Michigan; Tershia Pinder-Grover, University of Michigan; Deborah Covington, University of Michigan

racialmicroaggressions, practice bystander intervention strategies, and write their own scripts tointerrupt harm.CONCLUSIONIn order for progress to be made towards diversity and equity, we must be intentional throughpurposeful work that in itself is equitable and inclusive. Like most processes, an iterative flowbenefits the outcome by allowing for adjustments and input. The application of the SEDP allowsfor a scaffolding for the iterations, adjustments, inclusions, and intentionality of equitableendeavors. Our lessons learned are peppered throughout this paper because of the iterativeprocess of the socially engaged design model. Additional lessons learned include: theimportance of common language, having the upper administration go first, (modeling the way),and

Conference Session

Systems Engineering Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Henry Lester, University of Dayton; Kellie Schneider, University of Dayton; Corinne Mowrey, University of Dayton; Raymond Smith, East Carolina University

education and community-based operations research.Sarah Miller As the University of Dayton Research Services Librarian, Sarah provides advanced research services for faculty and graduate students in all disciplines including assistance with scholarly profiles, research data management, and literature notifications. She coordinates programming for the Scholars Commons, a semi-private workspace for faculty and doctoral students to read, meet with colleagues or write without distraction away from their offices. Sarah is the instruction and collections liaison for the School of Engineering and the Physical Sciences including the Geology and Environmental Geosciences, Math, and Physics departments.Raymond Smith Raymond L

Conference Session

Technological and Engineering Literacy - Philosophy of Engineering Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sayyad Zahid Qamar, Sultan Qaboos University; Nasr Al-Hinai, Sultan Qaboos University; Sayyad Qamar, Texas A&M University

operations research, product design and development, project management, and analysis of bio-composites development processes. He has published several research papers in peer-reviewed international journals and conference proceedings.Sayyad Basim Qamar (PhD Student) © American Society for Engineering Education, 2022 Powered by www.slayte.com ASEE 2022 Annual Conference & Exposition, 26-29-Jun-2022, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA Assessment of Critical Thinking Skills in Engineering EducationAbstractThe main task of engineers is designing and manufacturing of useful products. Rapid progress inscience and technology is creating more innovative

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jared Ashcroft, Pasadena City College; Billie Copley, Micro Nano Technology Education Center; Peter Kazarinoff, Portland Community College; Neda Habibi, University of North Texas; Mel Cossette, Edmonds College

college, immigrant, single parent, veteran. Each podcast has been converted into an .mp4 video file and can be viewed on MNT-EC’s YouTube channel as well. 4. The Journal of Advanced Technological Education (J ATE) launches January 31, 2022 and is a place for Community College faculty to publish peer-reviewed research papers and articles on their work in technician education. The team collaboratively worked on and finalized preparing the journal guidelines including instructions, ethical and publication policies. A major accomplishment was preparing author guidelines, instructions and templates specific to the J ATE. A submission website has also been created for the

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alan Cheville, Bucknell University; Sarah Appelhans, University at Albany-SUNY; Rebecca Thomas, Bucknell University; Stewart Thomas, Bucknell University; Robert Nickel; Stu Thompson, Bucknell University

member at the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania. Since the fall of 2007 he is a faculty member of the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department at Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania. During the 2010/2011 academic year he was a Marie Curie Incoming International Fellow at the Institute of Communication Acoustics, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany. Prof. Nickel is author/co-author of over 40 peer-reviewed scientific articles, mainly in the areas of speech signal processing, natural language processing, and machine learning.Stu Thompson (Dr.) Stu is an associate professor and chair of the department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Bucknell University, in Lewisburg, PA

Collection

2022 ASEE Midwest Section Conference

Authors

Heather L. Walker; W. Kent McAllister; Michael W. Mourot; J. Robert Dean; Greg Nesmith; Edgar C. Clausen

indicating very or somewhatsatisfied. As in the Fall 2021 survey, the mentors thought that the students needed help withtheir communication skills. Students and mentors felt that the number of mentoring sessions wasabout right, the topics that were discussed were helpful, they would recommend the program totheir peers and were happy that they participated. The students said they were a bit less likely toparticipate in the program again, largely because they were unsure of how the program woulddiffer if they participated a second year.In critiquing the program, the mentors and students would have preferred more one-on-one timein their circles, more targeted topics for seniors and more structure in the mentoring events. Thestudents would also have

Collection

2022 ASEE St. Lawrence Section Annual Conference

Authors

Jan DeWaters P.E., Clarkson University; Kathleen Kavanagh, Clarkson University; Seema Rivera

younger students. “It brings the project to life in a way that is better than writing it out.”Participants saw value in the range of lessons available to teachers, on topics that they might nototherwise be familiar with. They also noted that when given the chance, interactions between thecollege students and K-12 students provide an additional benefit for both groups, by adding a‘mentoring’ aspect to the whole experience.Moving ForwardSTEM QuESTS is now in the middle if its second year. With more time for preparations, andbased on our experiences in the first year of the competition, we have made a few changes. 4We’ve updated materials so students

Conference Session

First-Year Programs Division Technical Session 5: Design and Robotics

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Olukemi Akintewe, University of South Florida; Walter Silva Sotillo, University of South Florida

your CAD 2 work) Iteration & Improving7 Engineering Communications & Ethics Engineering Ethics: Fabrication Memo Writing & Oral Communication Case studies Engineering Ethics & Intellectual Prop (Read cases before class)8 Design Review (DR) Presentations Presentation Day 2 DR Presentation slides (Business casual Attire) Memo 1 (Draft)9 Instrumentation Engineering Circuit tutorial DR Document Electronics & Sensors (Bring your project kit)10 Design Optimization Design Optimization Survey Circuit tutorial Engineering Data Analysis

Conference Session

Engineering Libraries Technical Session 6: Diversity

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sarah Lester, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Kelly Durkin Ruth

. Having takenthe Library Juice Academy Certificate Program in Diversity and Inclusion Skills, we wereinspired by the work of a number of librarian-authors, including both BIPOC and non-BIPOCwhose work is foundational to our understanding of DEI. We wanted to use a selection of theirpapers to begin understanding the citation politics at play in STEM journals. In her essay,“Making Feminist Points,” Sara Ahmed describes the politics of citations as “​​a rather successfulreproductive technology, a way of reproducing the world around certain bodies [3].” If thesefoundational authors writing about DEI aren’t being cited in research on DEI, who is?Literature ReviewDEI in LibrarianshipMuch of the literature on DEI topics in librarianship can be divided

Conference Session

ECE Division Technical Session 4: Student-centered Learning and Teaching Methodologies

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yuchen Huang, Portland State University; Branimir Pejcinovic, Portland State University

]. Activelearning increases student performance in science, engineering and mathematics [2]. Activelearning strategies for college courses were discussed in [3], including pause procedures duringlectures, group discussions, clickers, peer reviews and games. Student-centric learning requiresstudents to take ownership of their learning and places emphasis on students’ interests, abilitiesand learning styles [4]. Research has shown that the implementation of a problem-based activelearning model had positively affected students’ academic achievements and their attitudestowards science courses [5]. Prince in [6] reviewed the effectiveness of active learning, andidentified the common forms of active learning most relevant for engineering faculty. The studyfound

Conference Session

Architectural Engineering Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ryan Solnosky, Pennsylvania State University; John Phillips, Oklahoma State University

what new topics were covered and how much time was spent on each. Many of the topicslisted (Table 3) are logical as gap fillers or more importantly to provide skills needed for thecapstone project. The only topics covered by more than one program were photovoltaic design(three schools), sustainability (three schools), ethics (three schools) and technical writing andpresentation skills (two schools). Topics longer than 1 week (3 days), consisted of sustainability,carbon analysis, lifecycle assessment and technical writing. Each of these were taught in thoseprograms for 2 weeks. Table 3: Capstone Course Lecture Content 1 Day: Lecture Content 2 Day: Lecture Content 3 Day: Lecture

Conference Session

Engineering Ethics Division: Approaches to Ethics Education (Part 2)

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Angela Bielefeldt, University of Colorado Boulder

their professional services.” [2] 2020 Completely changed the code moving from canons to a hierarchical stakeholder model, placing obligations to society (public, humanity) first, the natural and built environment second (e.g., adhere to principles of sustainable development), the profession third, clients and employers fourth, and peers fifth. The environmental considerations were significantly strengthened, moving from should and try to “a. adhere to the principles of sustainable development; b. consider and balance societal, environmental, and economic impacts…; c. mitigate adverse societal, environmental, and economic effects; and d. use resources wisely while minimizing resource

Conference Session

Engineering Ethics Division: Computing, Technology, and AI

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Franz Kurfess, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Katya Vasilaky, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Tina Cheuk, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Ryan Jenkins; Grace Nolan; Amir Hajrasouliha; Elise St John

, 2021, 2021; Ethics & Compliance Initiative (ECI), 2021;Forsberg, 2004; Marshall, 2009; Open Data Institute, 2021; Thereaux, 2021).The toolkit includes a set of questions team members should ask and reflect on throughout theresearch development process: ideation, proposal writing, sampling/data collection,instrumentation, analysis, implementation/interpretation of outcomes & products, etc. As a firststep, we noticed a need to create a basis of understanding and vision at the institutional levelamong students, instructors, and scholars on the significance of the ethical and social justiceimpacts of data science. One of the objectives of this toolkit is to establish a common languageamong individuals and teams to communicate ethical and

Conference Session

ERM: Persistence and Attrition in Engineering

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kyeonghun Jwa, Pennsylvania State University; Catherine Berdanier, Pennsylvania State University

State University and is the Director of the online Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering Program at Penn State. Her research interests include graduate-and postdoctoral-level engineering education; attrition and persistence mechanisms, metrics, policy, and amelioration; engineering writing and communication; and methodological development for nontraditional data. Her NSF CAREER award studies master’s-level departure from the engineering doctorate as a mechanism of attrition. Catherine earned her B.S. in Chemistry from The University of South Dakota, her M.S. in Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering from Purdue University, and Ph.D. in Engineering Education from Purdue University

Conference Session

Biomedical Engineering Division: Developing Lab and Research Skills for BioE/BME Students

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mark Chapman, University of San Diego; Marissa Forbes, University of San Diego

collaboration and interdisciplinarityin the student writings. For example, Dan shared about this by writing: I have learned alot about not only biology, but also how research is done, how to formulate a question that can be answered by data, and how to determine which results to include in a final report. What was most impactful professionally was the opportunity to see how my expertise in computer science could partner with science experts and together we could collaborate on a project, with each of us contributing our unique skills. (Dan) Jessica and Kate both expressed the importance of the welcoming lab environment, and forJessica, having lunch as a lab contributed to that impression: I think I had the

Conference Session

Student Division Technical 1: Diversity, Equity, Inclusivity (DEI)

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yagmur Onder, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE)

have studied the literature investigating the development of women’sengineering identities [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7]. However, who I am is more than just a womanengineer. I’m also a 2nd-generation Turkish-American immigrant, and research has also beenconducted into the identity development of 2nd-generation immigrants [8], [10], [16]. The goal ofthis paper is to add to the gap of literature addressing the intersectionality of different identities.I’m writing to the upcoming engineers, perhaps even the next Turkish-American womanmechanical engineering student, and the current existing engineering community to share whereI’ve struggled and where I’ve succeeded. I use autoethnography as the methodology to criticallyanalyze identity development

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Meagan Ita, The Ohio State University; Laine Rumreich, The Ohio State University; Krista Kecskemety, The Ohio State University; Rachel Kajfez, The Ohio State University

teams to encourage EM attributes with their students.The FYP at OSU has a strong history of employing TAs and training them through a robust multi-step program thatstarts with an orientation and continues with content knowledge checks throughout the first few weeks of everysemester [16]. As an example, in the past we have developed detailed grading training to support TAs grading oftechnical writing [17]. The FYP employs around 200 total GTAs and UTAs during any given semester and has a highturnover rate of instructional staff on all levels. This high turnover rate and large population further motivates theneed for annual orientation and content training. While our past training efforts served us well, they did not alignwith our new EML

Conference Session

Technical Session 11 - Paper 1: Using Utility Value Interventions to Explore Student Connections to Engineering Mechanics Topics

Collection

2022 CoNECD (Collaborative Network for Engineering & Computing Diversity)

Authors

Isabella Grace Sorensen, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Dominick Trageser, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Brian P. Self, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Benjamin David Lutz, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo

Tagged Topics

CoNECD Paper Sessions, Diversity

educators have sought to increase student motivation and success is through theuse of Utility Value Interventions (UVIs) (Hecht et al., 2020; Hulleman, Kosovich, Barron, &Daniel, 2017). UVIs typically take the form of short writing assignments that prompt students tothink about course content and the relationship that content might have to their own lives orgoals. UVIs have been used in STEM education as well as other disciplines to increasemotivation and a growing body of research has demonstrated positive student outcomes. Forexample, Hulleman et al. (2017) used UVIs in an introductory psychology course anddemonstrated their positive impact on interest, expectancy for success, and subsequentperformance. Relatedly, Kosovich, Hulleman, Phelps

Conference Session

LEES 7: Experiments in Experiential and Project-Based Learning

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joanna Burchfield, University of South Florida; Olukemi Akintewe, University of South Florida; Jamie Chilton, University of South Florida

, and practice of teamwork and intercultural communication are taught inengineering classrooms; in short, they are not. Although engineering programs work towardhelping their students develop teamwork competencies, teamwork in engineering classrooms hasbeen largely bereft of direct teaching about the communication-rooted components of teamwork(Kedrowicz & Nelson, 2007), tending instead to focus on the process and organizationalelements of teamwork and various levels of assessment, such as peer-assessment and observation(Chowdhry & Murzi, 2019). Intercultural competency in engineering classrooms suffers asimilar fate (Warnick, 2011; Ndubuisi, et al., 2020) and is often discussed in essentialist termswherein intercultural competency is

Conference Session

Technical Session 1 - Paper 5: Navigating the academy in the absence of graduate disability accommodation policies

Collection

2022 CoNECD (Collaborative Network for Engineering & Computing Diversity)

Authors

D. C. Beardmore, University of Colorado Boulder

Tagged Topics

CoNECD Paper Sessions, Diversity

synonymously in the literature; however, postgraduate can either refer to aperson who has earned a high school diploma or who has also earned a collegiate-level degree.Graduate students and undergraduate students often follow different paths in the academicenvironment. They serve divergent roles, face separate challenges, and have differentexperiences. Graduate students face obstacles beyond the classroom—in their ability to meetwith advisers, attend conferences, and develop social support from their peers—thatundergraduate students may not face [3]. Even in the classroom graduate students may beexpected to meet different expectations than their undergraduate counterparts. This may includea greater volume of reading and reading assignments provided

Conference Session

Intersections of Identity and Student Experiences: Equity, Culture & Social Justice Technical Session 10

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cole Joslyn, University of Texas at El Paso; Amira Williams, University of Texas at El Paso; Angelica Ann Littles

mother) woman. I am in the second year of my undergraduate engineering degree with aminor in Biomedical Engineering at a large HSI in the southwestern U.S. along the U.S.-Mexicoborder. Alongside my studies, I am a Research Assistant with an NSF IUSE-HSI grant, I work atthe front desk for our department, I have started a podcast to elevate the voices of my peers andmentors called “[Our Department] Inclusive Podcast”, and I am a barista at my church.As one of the contributing authors, I, Angelica Littles, identify as a cisgender AfricanAmerican/Filipina female. I am currently a second-year engineering student at a large HSI in thesouthwestern U.S. along the U.S.-Mexico border. In addition to my studies, I hold a TeachingAssistant position for a

Conference Session

Community Engagement Division Technical Session 2 - Community Engagement without Frontiers

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Juan Lucena, Colorado School of Mines; Sofia Schlezak, Colorado School of Mines; Emma Chapman, Colorado School of Mines; Mateo Rojas; Jaime Elizabeth Styer, Colorado School of Mines

acknowledge others’ perspectives(including peers and community members) and develop empathy and respect for others, evenwhen those perspectives are distant from them.3.2 Historical Positioning, Mapping, and Crafting PathwaysTo understand how the historical and political dimensions of engineering and development relateto their education and practice, stand in relation to their perspectives (see 3.1 above), andenhance or curtail their opportunities for community development work, students criticallyreflect on the history of engineering practice and education in the US. Through deep reading,analysis, and writing about works in the history of US engineering like [42]–[45] and the historyof development and engineers’ roles in it [10], [11], [46], students

Conference Session

ERM: Systematic Reviews!

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ethan Geheb, University of Maine; Asli Sezen-Barrie, University of Maine; Karissa Tilbury

, K-12 Education, and Student Learning. For example, #8 in the journalranking list was “Journal of Second Language Writing”, in which one could assume the journalhas to do with english-as-a-second-language (ESL) or english-language-learner (ELL) topicsareas. If the journal title was ambiguous, then we conducted a more thorough investigation of thejournal’s scope or aim from its website, using the inclusion criteria above. During this phase, 140journals were excluded, and 118 journals remained for the next phase of collection andevaluation. The second phase began with a keyword search within each journal database. Werecorded the following information in a spreadsheet: journal ranking, title of journal, number ofarticles, publisher, and

Conference Session

Graduate Studies Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jutshi Agarwal, University of Cincinnati; Samieh Askarian, University of Cincinnati; Gregory Bucks, University of Cincinnati; Teri Murphy, University of Cincinnati

universities participated in PFF“clusters” to help graduate students learn about and participate in faculty roles at nearbyinstitutions through seminars, mentoring, workshops, and observations [8], [17]. In their reviewof PFF programs, Diggs et al. [17] listed several distinct types of professional developmentprograms available to graduate students: formal mentoring, formal networking experiences,formal courses, short course/seminar, workshops, reading/writing assignments, teachingpracticum, and research mentoring practicum. Several publications have elaborated on smaller scale initiatives that can be categorizedin the above categories. For example, The Rising Engineering Education Faculty Experience(REEFE) founded at Virginia Tech’s Department

Conference Session

DEED Technical Session 9 - Design Across the Curriculum

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rubaina Khan, University of Toronto; Lisa Romkey, University of Toronto

is the development of students' professional identity. To bettersupport students' professional identity development, we must understand what motives, values,and experiences across the curriculum contribute to its construction.This study reports on our recent interactions with instructors, alumni, and students of anEngineering Science program. The data was collected through interviews and focus groups thatallowed us to understand how each group of participants understood the role of engineeringdesign education. The data analysis showed us that to have a nuanced understanding of thepurpose of design courses, we need to ask students to reflect on how they connect their designexperiences to their professional identity through reflective writing

Conference Session

ETD - ET Curriculum and Programs I

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ashis Nandy

Orientation• Undergraduate research experience (URE) and internships• Strengthening K12-college pipelineThe student support initiatives of URE and internships, and strengthening K12-college pipelinewere especially very fruitful with our continuous and ongoing efforts with enrollment andretention. This was possible because of the high-level of faculty engagement in writing andsecuring grants that are targeted to enhance program capacity and student learning through varioussupport mechanisms (e.g., NSF S-STEM, NSF IUSE, NSF INCLUDES). Faculty were encouragedto pursue these educational grants and were supported by the institution through grants office andby providing some release time from teaching and other service activities.Targeted Faculty

Conference Session

PCEE Session 9: Virtual Summer Programs

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alison Haugh Nowariak, University of Minnesota; Annika Gehl, Oregon State University; Gillian Roehrig, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities

specifically looking at STEM disciplines. Despite anincrease of students at the center of merging underrepresented identities enrolling inpost-secondary education institutions, their involvement in STEM programming is stilldisproportionate to straight, cis, white, peers [5]. As educators, we often think about the ways in which a student’s educational experience thattakes place many years before a student enters the workforce or a post-secondary institutionimpacts these graduation and employment rates in the STEM fields. The National ScienceFoundation Report on Science and Engineering Indicators (2018) demonstrates that thediscrepancies in STEM fields regarding gender begin before students leave high school. Of the12 Advanced Placement Courses reviewed

Conference Session

International Division Technical Session 4 - Global South Engineering

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rodrigo Martinez-Duarte; Sallie Turnbull, Clemson University; Tim Guggisberg, Clemson University; Juan Dobarganes

,and writing / presenting. The faculty was familiar with most students due to instruction ofprevious courses in the program. UG faculty provided pairs of student names which they deemedas complementary, while CU faculty did the same for groups of 3-4 students. These UG + CUgroupings were combined to form teams of 5 or 6 students. The program was held entirelyonline, and the official language was English. The course was a requirement for graduation forall students.The educational content and supporting activities of the course were structured as follows: Theclass was scheduled 5 days per week, for 2 hours per day. Core content to support the designprocess was delivered as “refreshers” on topics students would have practiced in detail during

Conference Session

DEED Technical Session 1: Adapting to COVID and other Design Challenges

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Orser, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities; Lorraine Francis, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities; John Sartori; Kyle Dukart, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities; Brody Hultman, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities; Lauren Linderman, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities; Aaron Massari, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities; R Penn, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities

challenges with teams.Nonetheless, the teams established before the pivot persisted throughout the semester andprovided students with sounding boards and peer feedback in breakout room sessions. The fearedattrition was minor, with only six students (~3%) dropping the course after the pivot to online.The most significant change was eliminating the team project and introducing two individualprojects. This change was made to avoid possible problems with teamwork in light of the pivot toZoom, such as hampered communication, team members dropping the course, or difficultysharing hardware. For the sections with 3D Printing, the individual projects were based on CADand the design of conditions for 3D Printing using slicing software. For sections