Conference Session

ERM: ERM Medley Session!

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Reagan Curtis, West Virginia University; Jason Gross, West Virginia University; Evana Nusrat Dooty, West Virginia University; Sumaia Ali Raisa, West Virginia University; Yu Gu, West Virginia University

undergraduate researchers into a scientific community of practice. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 20, 771-784.[15] Freeman, S., Eddy, S. L., McDonough, M., Smith, M. K., Okoroafor, N., Jordt, H., & Wenderoth, M. P. (2014). Active learning increases student performance in science, engineering, and mathematics. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 111(23), 8410–8415.[16] Theobald, E. J., Hill, M. J., Tran, E., Agrawal, S., Arroyo, E. N., Behling, S., … & Freeman, S. (2020). Active learning narrows achievement gaps for underrepresented students in undergraduate science, technology, engineering, and math. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 117(12), 6476–6483

Conference Session

Robots in Education

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alexander Mentis, United States Military Academy; Charles Reynolds, United States Military Academy; Donald Abbott-McCune, United States Military Academy; Benjamin Ring, United States Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

.Since 2004, our computer science program has attempted to achieve many of the samepedagogical goals as the above robot-based curricula through the use of an Ada TurtleGraphicspackage, which gives students and entry-level way to create programs that include graphics.Namely, the objectives were to maintain student motivation in the program and teachfundamental computer science concepts to beginning programmers.23 Since educational robotshave become less expensive, however, we have begun to explore ways to update our CS1curriculum to recognize the increased influence of robotics in the field of computer science andto increase the interdisciplinary ties between our computer science, electrical engineering, andinformation technology programs.In many

Conference Session

Undergraduate Students' Development of Computational and Programming Skills

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Geoffrey L. Herman, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Sofia Meyers, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Sarah-Elizabeth Deshaies, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

Paper ID #33409A Comparison of Novice Coders’ Approaches to Reading Code: AnEye-tracking StudyDr. Geoffrey L. Herman, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Dr. Geoffrey L. Herman is a teaching associate professor with the Deprartment of Computer Science at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. He also has a courtesy appointment as a research assistant professor with the Department of Curriculum & Instruction. He earned his Ph.D. in Electrical and Computer Engineering from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign as a Mavis Future Faculty Fellow and conducted postdoctoral research with Ruth Streveler

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephen H. Edwards, Virginia Tech; Zhiyi Li, Virginia Tech/Department of Computer Science

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

mindset beliefs while encouraging deliberate practice, self-checking, and skill improvement as students work.Mr. Zhiyi Li, Virginia Tech/Department of Computer Science I am a Ph.D. graduate student in Department of Computer Science in Virginia Tech since Fall, 2013. My research interests is computer science education. Before that, I worked as a research staff in School of Medicine in University of Virginia from 2007 to 2013. I hold a Master degree in Computer Science in Virginia Tech. Master degree in Computer Science and Chemistry in Georgia State University in Atlanta, GA. I obtained my Bachelor degree of Engineering in East China University of Science and Technology in Shanghai, China

Conference Session

Bridging Content and Context in the Classroom

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Melissa Ellen Ko, Stanford University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Culture & Social Justice in Education, Equity

of bias,increase a sense of agency, and ultimately empower students.1. IntroductionGiven clear evidence of disparities in educational attainment, much importance has been placedon increasing use of inclusive teaching to help close this so-called achievement gap [1]–[4]. Inscience, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) disciplines, deliberate inclusive practicemay reduce the “leaving” phenomenon where those underrepresented amongst STEM majorssuch as women and minoritized racial groups would otherwise fail to complete their STEMdegree program [5]–[7]. For example, active learning has been shown to improve learning gainsand reduce failure rates especially among underrepresented minority (URM) students [2].Similarly, current recommendations

Conference Session

Advancing Manufacturing Education Through Outreach and Collaboration

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jonathan Luntz, University of Michigan; E. Emanuel Almeida, University of Michigan; Dawn Tilbury, University of Michigan; James Moyne, University of Michigan; Keith Hargrove, Morgan State University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

2006-2513: THE DISTRIBUTED RECONFIGURABLE FACTORY TESTBED(DRFT): A COLLABORATIVE CROSS-UNIVERSITY MANUFACTURINGSYSTEM TESTBED.Jonathan Luntz, University of MichiganE. Emanuel Almeida, University of MichiganDawn Tilbury, University of MichiganJames Moyne, University of MichiganKeith Hargrove, Morgan State University Page 11.1274.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2006 The Distributed Reconfigurable Factory Testbed (DRFT): A Collaborative Cross-University Manufacturing System TestbedAbstract As a collaborative effort between the University of Michigan (UM), and Morgan State Univer-sity (MSU) in Baltimore, a Distributed Reconfigurable Factory Testbed

Conference Session

Study Abroad Experiences Intl Div Tech Session 9

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Matthew Korey, Purdue University; Caitlyn M. Clarkson, Purdue University; Kali D Frost, Purdue University; Joseph Andler, Purdue University; Congying Wang, Purdue University; Melissa S. Reeves, Tuskegee University; Carol A. Handwerker, Purdue University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

International

Paper ID #30333Critical Incident Assessment as a Tool to Reflect on Student’s EmotionalResponse During International ExperiencesMr. Matthew Korey, Purdue University Matthew Korey received his B.S. in Biomedical Engineering at Ohio State University (2011) where he studied the toxicity of various chemical compounds on hepatocytic cells. Matthew then joined the re- search groups of Dr. Jeffrey Youngblood and Dr. John Howarter at Purdue University in 2015 where he specialized in building a more robust understanding of sustainability in plastics through considering the full lifecycle of a product. For his work at Purdue

Conference Session

Mathematics Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Doug Bullock, Boise State University; Janet Callahan, Boise State University; Susan E. Shadle Ph.D., Boise State University

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

Paper ID #14209Coherent Calculus Course Design: Creating Faculty Buy-in for Student Suc-cessDr. Doug Bullock, Boise State University Doug Bullock is an Associate Professor of Mathematics at Boise State University. His educational re- search interests include impacts of pedagogy on STEM student success and retention.Dr. Janet Callahan, Boise State University Janet Callahan is the Founding Associate Dean for the College of Engineering at Boise State University and a Professor in the Materials Science and Engineering Department. Dr. Callahan received her Ph.D. in Materials Science, her M.S. in Metallurgy and her B.S. in Chemical

Conference Session

ELOS Technical Session 1 - Fluids, Wind, and Flow

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jessica Weakly, University of Pennsylvania; Sarah Ho, University of Pennsylvania; Erica Feehery, University of Pennsylvania; Bruce David Kothmann, University of Pennsylvania; Cynthia Sung, University of Pennsylvania

Tagged Divisions

Experimentation and Laboratory-Oriented Studies Division (DELOS)

Paper ID #41981A Low-Cost, Adaptable System for Lift and Drag Measurement in an EducationalWind TunnelJessica Weakly, University of PennsylvaniaSarah Ho, University of PennsylvaniaErica Feehery, University of PennsylvaniaDr. Bruce David Kothmann, University of PennsylvaniaCynthia Sung, University of Pennsylvania ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2024 A Low-Cost, Adaptable System for Lift and Drag Measurement in an Educational Wind TunnelAbstractWind tunnel testing augments the undergraduate fluid dynamics curriculum by providinghands-on application of the course material, and a low-cost version of

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Suzanne W. Dietrich, Arizona State University; Don Goelman, Villanova University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

curriculum for teaching an introductory course on data science in flipped classroom format. An earlier grant dealt with designing the aforementioned visualization software. He has taught various courses in the computer science curriculum, including one that he developed and im- plemented called ”Databases for Many Majors.” c American Society for Engineering Education, 2017 Formative Self-Assessment for Customizable Database Visualizations: Checkpoints for LearningAbstractA formative self-assessment opportunity has been added to database visualizations, which aredesigned to introduce students of many majors to fundamental database concepts. Instructors cancustomize the example and

Collection

2018 Gulf Southwest Section Conference

Authors

Stephany Coffman-Wolph; Kimberlyn Gray

Fun and Interactive Activities for an Introductory Computer Science Course of 200 Students Stephany Coffman-Wolph and Kimberlyn Gray The University of Texas at Austin 2317 Speedway, Austin, TX, 78712, USA E-mail: sscw@cs.utexas.edu West Virginia University Institute of Technology 512 S Kanawha St, Beckley, WV, 25801, USA E-mail: Kimberlyn.Gray@mail.wvu.edu Abstract Teaching lectures with hundreds of students

Conference Session

ERM Potpourri

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alexandre Probst, Colorado School of Mines; Aarthi Krishnaswamy, Colorado School of Mines; Vinita Singh, Colorado School of Mines; Barbara Moskal, Colorado School of Mines; Cyndi Rader, Colorado School of Mines

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

AC 2009-1749: CULTURALLY-RELEVANT SCIENCE CURRICULUM - EFFORTSIN A SECONDARY SCHOOL - UGANDAAlexandre Probst, Colorado School of MinesAarthi Krishnaswamy, Colorado School of MinesVinita Singh, Colorado School of MinesBarbara Moskal, Colorado School of MinesCyndi Rader, Colorado School of Mines Page 14.391.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009 Culturally-Relevant Science Curriculum: Efforts in a Secondary School, Uganda, Africa Key Words: Culturally-relevant, simulated, laboratory, learner-centered Abstract This paper describes the design of a simulated science laboratory experiment which has

Collection

1996 Annual Conference

Authors

Troy E. Kostek

a minimum, technical graduates enteringthe work force should have a basic understanding of DDE concepts and capabilities. . . References1. Microsoft Corporation. (199 1). Dynamic data exchange (DDE). Unpublished manuscript.2. Feldman, P. (1993). Using visual basic 3. Indianapolis, IN: Que publishing.3. Rockwell Software Incorporated. (1993). Using visual basic and winlinx. Unpublished manuscript.4. Rockwell Software Incorporated. (1995). WINtelligent Iinx. User’s guide.5. Gurewich, N. (1993). Teach yourself visual basic 3 in 21 days. Indianapolis, IN: Sams Publishing. —TROY E. KOSTEKTroy E. Kostek is an Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering Technology at

Conference Session

DB & Information Integration

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ed Crowley, University of Houston; Cheryl Willis, University of Houston

Tagged Divisions

Information Systems

2006-2516: OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE AND LIVE LINUX CDS: ELEMENTS OFSUCCESSFUL LAB MODULESCheryl Willis, University of HoustonEd Crowley, University of Houston Ed Crowley, a former IS Director, developed the four course security specialization at UH’s College of Technology. This is the only NSA/CNSS certified (4011/4014) program in Houston. Mr. Crowley holds multiple INFOSEC certifications from the National Security Agency (NSA). He has also earned the usual vendor certifications from Cisco, CompTIA, and Microsoft. In addition to having held governmental security clearances, he is a graduate of the Military Police Academy

Conference Session

ECE Curriculum Improvement

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Arlen Planting, Boise State University; Sin Ming Loo, Boise State University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

AC 2012-4733: IT BLINKED! EMPOWERING STUDENTS WITH AN IM-PROVED MICROPROCESSORS COURSEMr. Arlen Planting, Boise State UniversityProf. Sin Ming Loo, Boise State University Page 25.866.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2012 It Blinked! Empowering Students in an Improved Microprocessors CourseAbstractEmpowering students in understanding microprocessors involves teaching them how a processorworks so that they have the skills they need when presented with a different architecture.Allowing the students to participate more fully in the discovery process enhances their ability

Collection

1998 Annual Conference

Authors

William E. DeWitt; Timothy L. Skvarenina

/eet231/eet231.htm References1. DeWitt, W. and Skvarenina, T. “An EET Industrial Power Distribution Course, 1995 ASEE Annual Conference Proceedings, 1418-14212. Conrad, W. “Future Directions for Electrical Machinery.” 1995 ASEE Annual Conference Proceedings, 1408- 14113. Skvarenina, T. “Power System Harmonics-What You Don’t Know May Cost You.” Journal of Engineering Technology (Spring 1993):234. Skvarenina, T. and DeWitt, W. “Electrical Power and Controls.” Learning Systems, West Lafayette, IN, 19975. Skvarenina, T. “Development of a Laboratory Experiment to Demonstrate Power Quality Issues,” 1996 ASEE Annual Conference Proceedings (CDROM), Session 23336. Skvarenina, T

Collection

2009 Fall ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

Chien-tsung Lu; Mark Sherman

Safety Management System (SMS) – Advocating A Software Prototype for the U.S. FAA FAR 139 Airports Submitted by Chien-tsung Lu Department of Aviation Technology Purdue University 1401 Aviation Dr. W. Lafayette, IN 47907 & Mark Sherman Department of Aviation Farmingdale State University Lupton Hall, Route 110 Farmingdale, NY 11735 1 Dr

Collection

2015 ASEE Zone 3 Conference

Authors

Ali Salehnia

open source which is its greatest strength but at the same time, it can be considered as its greatest weakness because there are not many defined standards for NoSQL databases; so, no two NoSQL databases are equal. 2. No stored procedures in Mongodb (NoSql database). 3. GUI mode tools to access the database is not flexibly available in market. 4. It is so difficult to find NoSQL experts because it is the latest technology and NoSQL developers are in learning mode [5, 6, 10, and 11].Differences between Relational Database and Big DataPersonal user information, geographic location data, user-generated data and text, machine-logging data,sensor-generated data, and satellite images are just a few examples of the ever-expanding

Collection

2021 Northeast Section Meeting

Authors

Jason Rinhart; Trinh Huynh; Douglas Dow; Saurav Basnet

Client-Server Radar Security Circuit Jason Rinehart, Trinh Huynh, Douglas Dow, Saurav Basnet Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Wentworth Institute of Technology rinehartj@wit.edu | huynht18@wit.edu | dowd@wit.edu | basnets@wit.edu Abstract—This paper aims to aid in solving inherent problems deterring most potential customers. The ideal intrusion detection circuitwith modern intrusion security systems. With the entry of microcont- should still operate in times of internet (WAN) dropout, be easy to

Conference Session

Computers in Education Division Technical Session 8: Modulus Topics

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Safia Malallah, Kansas State University; Joshua Levi Weese, Kansas State University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

computational thinking by modeling playground environments. She seeks to expand her experience by volunteering and helping to facilitate STEM workshops.Dr. Joshua Levi Weese, Kansas State University Dr. Josh Weese is a Teaching Assistant Professor at Kansas State University in the department of Com- puter Science. Dr. Weese joined K-State as faculty in the Fall of 2017. He has expertise in data science, software engineering, web technologies, computer science education, and primary and secondary outreach programs. Dr. Weese has been the lead developer for the PhysPort Data Explorer, a data analytics and visualization portal that enables physics faculty to upload assessment data and receive instant feedback on their students

Collection

2000 Annual Conference

Authors

James A. Ozment; Alison N. Smith; Wendy Newstetter

course.Nonetheless, the significance of the deviations demonstrates the three groups are notsuccessfully communicating their beliefs. The results further indicate a need for clear leadershipin the definition of which actions and behaviors constitute cheating.I. IntroductionAs Information Technology pervades all workplaces and disciplines the increasing demand forprofessionals, particularly in engineering, who are proficient at computer programming hasnecessitated introductory programming courses for many students of higher education. To meetthis need Georgia Institute of Technology’s College of Computing has developed an Introductionto Computing course. This course, formerly CS1501, is now required for all students, fromthose majoring in International

Conference Session

Issues in Computer Education

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Timothy Bower, Kansas State University-Salina

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

2006-889: USING LINUX KERNEL MODULES FOR OPERATING SYSTEMSCLASS PROJECTSTimothy Bower, Kansas State University-Salina Tim Bower is an Assistant Professor of Computer Systems Technology in the Engineering Technology Department of Kansas State University at Salina. Page 11.1394.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2006 Using Linux Kernel Modules for Operating Systems Class ProjectsAbstractInstructors of operating systems classes have long desired to incorporate programming projectsinto the class that will give the students an appreciation for the source code of the kernel of a realoperating system. Unfortunately, this

Conference Session

Computers in Education Division Poster Session

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joshua Levi Weese, Kansas State University; William H. Hsu, Kansas State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

systems. Dr. Hsu has over 50 refereed publications in conferences, journals, and books, plus over 40 additional publications. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2016 Work-in-Progress: DataExplorer - Assessment Data Integration, Analytics, and Visualization for STEM Education ResearchAbstractWe describe a comprehensive system for comparative evaluation of uploaded and preprocesseddata in physics education research with applicability to standardized assessments for discipline-based education research, especially in science, technology, mathematics, and engineering.Views are provided for inspection of aggregate statistics about student scores, comparison overtime within one course, or

Conference Session

Assessment in Laboratory and Project-based Courses: Experimentation and Laboratory-oriented Studies Division

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Bradley Lane Kicklighter, University of Southern Indiana

Tagged Divisions

Experimentation and Laboratory-Oriented Studies

Paper ID #33012Work in Progress: Assessment of Automation Labs to Facilitate ContinuousImprovementMr. Bradley Lane Kicklighter, University of Southern Indiana Brad holds a BS in Electrical Engineering from Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology (1989) and an MS in Electrical and Computer Engineering from Purdue University (2001). His past work experience includes eleven years at Delphi (formerly Delco Electronics) as an Advanced Project Engineer, eleven years at Whirlpool Corporation as a Lead Engineer/Solution Architect, and three years at Ivy Tech Community College as an Instructor/Program Chair of Pre-Engineering. Since

Conference Session

Mentoring Graduate Students

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sorraya Khiewnavawongsa, Purdue University; Edie Schmidt, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

AC 2009-1298: ASSESSMENT OF THE MENTORING RELATIONSHIP BETWEENTHE FACULTY AND GRADUATE STUDENTS AT PURDUE UNIVERSITYSorraya Khiewnavawongsa, Purdue UniversityEdie Schmidt, Purdue University Page 14.261.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009Assessment of the Mentoring Relationship between the Faculty and Graduate Students at Purdue University Page 14.261.2Abstract Purdue University is world renowned for many of its graduate programs. In 2006-2007academic year, there were more than 7,000 graduate students enrolled at Purdue University [1],West Lafayette campus and about 2,000 tenure track

Conference Session

Computers in Education 4 - Online and Distributed Learning I

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lina Battestilli, North Carolina State University at Raleigh; Matthew Zahn, North Carolina State University at Raleigh; Sarah Heckman, North Carolina State University at Raleigh

Paper ID #37738Academic Help Seeking Patterns in Introductory ComputerScience CoursesLina Battestilli (Teaching Associate Professor) Dr. Lina Battestilli is an Associate Teaching Professor in the Department of Computer Science at North Carolina State University(NCSU). Her Ph.D. dissertation in Computer Science from NCSU in 2005 and her industry experience at IBM Research were focused on novel networking technologies, cloud computing and performance evaluation. Since 2012, her research interests are in computer science education with a focus of broadening participation in computing. She teaches introductory computer

Conference Session

Faculty Track - Technical Session III

Collection

2018 CoNECD - The Collaborative Network for Engineering and Computing Diversity Conference

Authors

Michelle Kay Bothwell, Oregon State University; Kali Furman, Oregon State University; Qwo-Li Driskill, Oregon State University; Rebecca L. Warner, Oregon State University; Susan M. Shaw, Oregon State University; H. Tuba Ozkan-Haller, Oregon State University

Tagged Topics

Faculty

learning practice are presented and discussed,and transformative outcomes that can be linked to seminar participation presented.IntroductionWomen have historically been underrepresented within the ranks of tenured or tenure-trackfaculty with Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) disciplines [1]. This isespecially so at higher academic ranks. The National Science Foundation (NSF) has recognizedthis issue and has been funding Institutional Transformation (IT) projects geared towardsremedying this shortcoming. In fall 2014 Oregon State University (OSU) received such anaward, created OREGON STATE ADVANCE, and established its overarching goal to serve as acatalyst for advancing the study and practice of equity, inclusion, and social

Conference Session

Instrumentation Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mark Jeffrey ZurSchmiede, Federal Screw Works; Jeffrey Ward, Grand Valley State University

Tagged Divisions

Instrumentation

Paper ID #13796Design of a Modular Cloud Storage Gaging System for Automotive Manufac-turingMr. Mark Jeffrey ZurSchmiede, Federal Screw Works I am a Computer Engineering Graduate Student at Grand Valley State University and a practicing software engineer at Federal Screw Works. I spent the first four years of my career designing embedded software for the Aerospace and Medical industries and took a new job at an Automotive manufacturing facility. This latest project seeks to merge the automotive manufacturing world with embedded systems world by designing custom gaging solutions for the companies automotive parts.Dr. Jeffrey

Conference Session

DSA Technical Session 6

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Emily Nutwell, The Ohio State University; Thomas Bihari, The Ohio State University; Thomas Metzger, The Ohio State University

Tagged Topics

Data Science & Analytics Constituent Committee (DSA), Diversity

computer science track in the interdisciplinary curriculum, wherethe goal is to provide a foundational presentation of computer science principles within thecontext of an interdisciplinary graduate program. The courses are designed to support learners inidentifying common data structures and sources, using information technology and relevantprogramming environments to convey and retrieve information, and identifying processes andmechanisms commonly used to retrieve, assess, re-engineer, manipulate, and visualize data. Thediverse backgrounds of the learners make this an interesting challenge for curriculum designers.How can a professional master’s degree successfully introduce foundational computer scienceconcepts for adult learners from diverse

Collection

2022 ASEE Illinois-Indiana Section Conference

Authors

Marcelo Caplan, Columbia College

Tagged Topics

Diversity

COVID-19. On the other hand, virtual labs, remote controllabs, or video-based labs are good alternatives when students cannot perform the laboratory tasksin person. [8[. Remote laboratories allow the implementation of experiments through theinternet, whereas video-based activities provide a step-by-step overview of a real lab. In thisway, students can visualize the whole experimental process and its environment through a video.Zhai, Wang, and Liu provide examples for some of the above labs in electrical engineering [8].In March 2020, Columbia College Chicago decided to close the campus following the lockdownpolicies and health concerns. Faculty received instructions to transform their courses from in-person to remote learning. One of the