data gathered frominexperienced or non-innovative engineers (15, 16). The models of engineering innovativenessand non-innovativeness that were developed during this study come from the data collected or'grounded' in the interviews and descriptions of engineering innovators and non-innovatorsprovided by engineering innovators, not from any experimentally constructed data sources (15).Study participants described the characteristics of non-innovative engineers as they described thecharacteristics of innovative engineers and describing both innovative and non-innovativebehavior of engineers was a common approach to sharing insights and reflecting on ourinterview questions.Grounded theory was an appropriate methodology due to the confusion and
factors can be made easier byorthogonal factor rotation. We used the varimax rotation method with Kaiser normalization.2.3 Cluster AnalysisAfter the factors or components underlying the different conceptual categories have beenidentified, it is possible to derive scores for each student on each factor. We used hierarchicalcluster analysis, using the Euclidian distance as a proximity measurement, to classify students’factor scores and to group students in different clusters reflecting their responses to conceptualassessments. The number of clusters was determined by inspection of the dendrogram, a displayrepresenting visually the distances at which clusters are combined
objectives for thispaper was to document the details of what we did to implement the flipped classroom, includingdetails such as software choices, video length, and topic used. Here are the things that we learnedand wished that we had known when we started this. 1. Do not be afraid to try new things. When Prof. DeNucci, first brought this idea to Prof. Swithenbank, she was not excited about this. It was new and different, but after further reflection, she thought “why not give it a try?” This may work for you and it may not, but it was definitely worth trying. We would use this method again after trying it while incorporating some of these lessons learned. 2. Preparation will reduce the amount of time it takes to produce the
improve the teaching ability of engineeringfaculty members. Numerous programs to address faculty teaching skills are spelled out in theliterature.4, 5, 6, 7, 8 A variety of programs for preparing faculty to teach are detailed by Stice.9These include taking graduate courses on teaching, attending teaching workshops and seminars,mentorships, networking, consulting with on-campus teaching experts, and self-study.In their article on faculty mentoring, Bullard and Felder offered their experiences in a mentoringpartnership in which each taught a section of the same course.10 The two instructors, oneexperienced and one new to teaching, sat in on each other’s classes and met for debriefingsessions. Their article presented reflections on what they did
testing a weekbefore final testing. This turned out to be an important aspect toward “persist through and learnfrom failure,” “act upon analysis,” and “apply systems thinking to complex problems.” Ingeneral, most teams did not appreciate these outcomes during this project, but realized by thefinal project how important they are. This was clearly reflected in the scoring results differencebetween the rainwater car and final projects, details of which are related in the conclusionssection. In other words, the students were much better prepared for interim and final testingduring the final project. The students’ car projects are judged on two tests. For the first test, thecar is to obtain maximum distance; for the second test, the car must land on a
cognitive style and potential level, both ofwhich are stable over time. Cognitive style (sometimes called preferred style or problem solvingstyle) is typically defined in terms of consistent individual differences in a person’s preferredways of organizing and processing information and experience4. Examples of cognitive styleinclude the Sensing-Intuition dimension of Jung’s psychological types and Kirton’s Adaption-Innovation continuum, which reflects an individual’s preference for structure4, 7. Research showsthat cognitive style is unchanged across a person’s lifetime, but coping behavior can be usedwhen needed (at an increased cognitive cost) to behave in ways that do not align with a person’scognitive style4, 7 – i.e., while style is fixed
career success. Examining awardrecipients is one method of ensuring that evolving university values reflect the diverse facultycomposition and the university’s dedication to that diversity. 4This paper examines the faculty award structure at a large private university as an indicator ofevolving university values that esteem the achievements of faculty and support them in theircareer advancement.1 Data on university awards for faculty since the 1964-65 academic yearwere examined with regard to recipient gender. For the academic years 2007-08 through 2011-12, the percentage of awards received by female faculty is compared to a weighted percentage offemales in the faculty population (based on the number and type of awards and data provided
maintain safe working environments. Social Responsibility d the principles, values, and standards that guide behavior in an organization. Sexual Harassment e business ethics model that includes values, norms, and expectationsthat reflect the concerns of multiple major stakeholders,including consumers, employees, shareholders, suppliers,competitors, and the community. f codified into law, incentives to reward organizations for takingaction to prevent misconduct.Select
24.146.3students poses many challenges to educators. According to Evans et al.: 2 The subject [of design] seems to occupy the top drawer of a Pandora’s box of controversial curriculum matters, a box often opened only as accreditation time approaches. Even ‘design’ faculty—those often segregated from ‘analysis’ faculty by the courses they teach—have trouble articulating this elusive creature called design 25.Human-Centered Design (HCD)Human-centered design (HCD) also known as participatory design, reflective design, andcooperative design, is a design approach which aims to actively involve the end users in thedesign process. The goal of HCD is to ensure that products are not only
larger environment of which [a system] is a part” and theimportance of the “role it plays in the larger whole.”14 We use a semi-structured format withfollow-up probes to help the interviewee reflect on their insights, strategies, and basis fordecisions, judgments, or courses of action.15 Probes were used to ask participants to expand onthe meaning of certain ideas such as “broad background.” The interview lasted one hour and theprotocol had three sections: a section on background and influential experiences; a section on thecritical decision method; and a section on questions about experiences with developing andidentifying other big picture thinkers. Following the individual interviews, a second one-hourfocus group discussion was used to follow
” (p. 258).25 Further, it is valuable to note that students learn disciplinaryrhetoric in a reflective and intentional manner so that they may enter the conversation, makinginformed language choices and becoming thoughtful and proactive members of a disciplinarycommunity. As Bazerman notes: “Explicit teaching of discourse holds what is taught up forinspection, provides the students with means to rethink the ends of the discourse, and offers awider array of means to carry the discourse in new directions” (p. 76).26How can educators working with emerging scholars use our procedure to support emergingscholars? We see an opportunity to study exactly how the use of the procedure helps emergingscholars. Such future work could involve creating
report an increasing writtencommunication workload over time.33 If supervised properly, Wheeler and McDonald reportthat writing allows students to develop and use critical thinking skills.34 While engineeringprograms typically incorporate ill-defined problems for capstone projects—another recognized Page 24.674.4tool for developing critical thinking, writing for reflection will also help develop skills forproblem identification, analysis, metacognition and the formation of value judgements.30,35Snyder & Snyder suggest essay questions rather than simple recall to encourage criticalthinking.25In addition to promoting the development of
,” Christina Neidert emphasizes thatthe integrated course offerings make an additional learning outcome possible as a result of beingimmersed in a research group while simultaneously reflecting on the cultural values of the hostcountry. Thus learning takes place which goes far beyond just gaining technical and linguisticproficiency. To illustrate this point, Neidert summarizes the added value of an integratedcurricular design which benefits URI students studying in Braunschweig; her statement can beread as a synopsis of what has been discussed in the international engineering educationcommunity as getting exposed to different “engineering cultures.”25The third of the best practices Neidert lists at the end of her article is the “Focus on
hypothesizing, probing, and reflecting. Information is given to players/learners at justthe time they will be able to make sense of it and to use it. In a videogame, knowledge ispowerful because it can be put to productive use.I make no claim that Spumone measures up to the ideal playing/learning environment describedabove. However, it would be interesting to take a deeper look into how students are usingSpumone, and to look for affordances provided by the game that are benefiting the learningprocess. The study described in this paper is more exploratory in nature, with a goal of findingdiscernible patterns of play and patterns of learning within the “click stream” captured by thegame log files.Videogame Challenge: Spumone DropSpumone contains more
survey on students' online collaborative experience are shown in Table 8. They demonstrate that the students in the groups (B, C, and D) with scaffolding generally had higher level of perception or collaboration activities than those in the control group (A) without scaffolding on online collaborative learning. However, students in the cognitive cooperation-scaffolding group (C) showed lower levels when they were asked “the members in my group collaborate with each other effectively, ” “It motivates me to learn through the use of online discussion,” and “Team online discussion makes me reflect on the course content in a deeper level”. This result is in accordance to the finding by Weinberger 24, i.e., students following the cognitive scaffolding
motivation. The students who enter the STEMAcademy reflect the diverse demographics of the area, which is a goal of the program.4The STEM Academy engages its students in challenging math, science, foreign language,computer science, and engineering design curricula. The structure of these high schoolengineering design courses is intended to develop the skills to be successful in a first-yearengineering program at the college level. Four years of fundamental engineering design coursesare required to earn a STEM Academy certificate at Skyline High School; each course isdesigned in collaboration with the University of Colorado Boulder’s College of Engineering andApplied Science.Students begin their engineering sequence with the Explorations in STEM
the fourlearning outcomes items and the three course impact items at least 67% of the students agreed orstrongly agreed with these items. In fact 67% agreed or strongly agreed with course impact item,I discovered that team work helps get assignments completed quicker than working alone.Additionally, 100% and 83% of the students agreed or strongly agreed with the item: As a resultof taking this class I have a better understanding of entrepreneurs, and this item: The use of ajournal in this course helped me to better assess my learning, respectively.The journal was provided to students in a 14-item Microsoft Word template to help students withtheir learning of the course content through reflection upon it. It requested reporting on suchitems as
a staged approach from software engineering is applicableto software testing, and shows that incremental development is not well supported on severalcurriculums. Martinez et al.11 present their experience with two reflection mechanisms: alearning journal used in a Software Testing course, and a two-part reflection questionnaireused in a Software Quality Assurance course. Smith et al.19 explain how they used peer re-views to teach software testing within a Data Structures course, by encouraging collabora-tion and competition among students.The rest of the paper is organized as follows. Section 2 describes the context of the courses.Section 3 presents the labware used in the course. Section 4 mentions the implementationand assessment
different courses of the sametype. The lack of transfer is likely due to multiple factors. Students may have forgotten some of thematerial learned in a previous course; students may not perceive the connections; students may seethe connections but are unable to use the material in meaningful ways in a different context; or thepedagogical approach used by instructors may not be conducive to transfer.3Approaches used to facilitate transfer of learning include the use of reflective writings,contextualization of learning experiences, and application of learning to real life. Multiplestrategies have been suggested to encourage transfer 3: making the need for transfer of learningexplicit to students, advising students to take courses in the appropriate
. Page 24.1355.3The original eight-vignette test was developed from ethical concepts that were found to be majorissues of the construction industry. The test embedded 14 issues of the construction industry intothe eight vignettes (i.e. 14 pilot test items). The 14 issues were: claims games, collusion, bidshopping, bid peddling, theft, abuse of client resources, unfair labor allocation through overtime,labor issues, frontloading, payment games, low competence of work performance, improperclient relations, use of joint ventures to increase satisfaction of prequalification requirements, andbid rigging.Response generation of the TESC requires students to read and reflect on the vignette andprovide 3 statements or questions regarding each vignette
and focused on attaining their degree for specific lifegoals. However the lack of difference amongst the groups when examining epistemologicalbeliefs illustrates the need for faculty to advance the students’ level of certainty, simplicity, andsource of knowledge and justification for knowing to be common across all students,independent of their academic level, age, or prior military experience.AcknowledgementsThis material is based upon work supported by the Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University underthe Internal Grant. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed inthis material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of Embry-RiddleAeronautical University.References1. Arnett, J.J. (2000
connected to infra-red drivers, andall network-node drivers were aimed at a reflective surface. Each network node also had aninfra-red receiver aimed at the same reflective surface. The infra-red receivers providedelectrical signals as receive-signal inputs to the nodes. Having wireless optical signals made theproject a bit more interesting to some students. However, the network-node implementationswere otherwise the same as they would have been with an electrical bus. It was decided that theadditional complexity and logistical difficulties in setting up the wireless optical networkoutweighed the positive aspects of having implemented a wireless network.Message transmission format: Each transmission for the message-exchange course
given the recent increase in nationwide outreachprograms designed to introduce women and racial/ethnic minorities to opportunities in STEMfields. However, the distribution of engineering degrees awarded across racial/ethnic groups isnot reflective of the current demographic shift in the United States. According to the U.S.Census Bureau, 14 out of 50 states in our country have already shifted to majority minoritypopulations with New Mexico, California, and Texas at the top of the list.7 Since 2005,Hispanics have exceeded more than 20 percent of students enrolled in the K-12 educationsystem,8 yet they earned only 10 percent of the engineering degrees awarded in 2007.9Racial/ethnic minorities continue to be an untapped pool of prospective STEM
. Page 24.106.5 4 1. Explore prior knowledge related to engineering and relationships between domains, 2. Develop basic knowledge of engineering, 3. Engage in cooperative engineering design activity, and 4. Reflect on activity as both learners and STEM educators (p.3).The only component Donna (2012) included that we did not was the formal development ofprofessional learning communities after PD concludes. While this took place informally in ourstudy due to the statewide AMSTI model, it was not a formal part of the design. Yoon, Diefes-Dux, and Strobel (2013) determined that engineering teacher professionaldevelopment
) > Thinking (N=14)** (MBTI; p = 0.114, MWp = .046)Machining Analysis Spring 32.41** Extrovert (N=10) > Introvert (N=8)* UoP 20 65.9 87.3 (MBTI; p = 0.034, MWp = .055)during Chip Formation 2013 (p < 0.001) Active (N=14) > Reflective
Page 24.138.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2014 Adopting the BOK2 Student Outcomes: A Six Year RetrospectiveAbstractIn 2008, the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) published the Civil Engineering Bodyof Knowledge, Second Edition (BOK2), reflecting ASCE’s vision of the skills and knowledgethe next generation of civil engineers must acquire. The Department of Civil Engineering atLawrence Technological University adopted the BOK2 that same year as part of its regularprogram review process. Faculty engaged in extensive debate on the prudence of adopting anew, more complex standard just two years before the ABET accreditation visit in 2010.However, the Department’s commitment to
survey software called Qualtrics15. The survey instrumentincludes Likert-type (aka Likert Scale or rating scale), Yes/No (dichotomous), multiple choice,open-ended and demographic questions.The survey follows the postal questionnaire method16 that involves sending questionnaires to alarge sample of people located in a wide geographical area and who do not have any previouscontact with the authors. The response rate is usually as low as 20%. Thus, the survey was sentto 266 design educators of 89 of the top 100 Graduate Mechanical Engineering programs (withABET accredited undergraduate programs) in the US to ensure that the demographic profile ofrespondents reflect the design faculty population in the nation. The design faculty included aDean, Full
micro-battery to their output of their charging circuitand measure the charging of the battery over time using a multimeter. Students are asked tocharge the battery for 30 minutes, stopping every five minutes to remove the battery and measureits charge. At the end of the projects students individually write a reflection memo.MATLAB Signal Analyzer DesignThe sound card analyzer is a simple MATLAB program with a graphical user interface. TheMATLAB code (.m and .fig files) are available on the project website.5 The initial screen thatopens is shown in Figure 1. It is organized into three sections based on the steps users shouldfollow. The first section (“1. Select Source”) allows users to choose the signal to analyze. Anew signal can be recorded
first step in understanding the current job market.Our results are somewhat consistent with Borrego’s4 survey of Engineering Deans. Her surveyresults indicated that engineering education graduates would encounter negative perceptions oftheir degree’s rigor. This negative perception is strongly reflected in Factor 2 where participantsagreed with the statement that those with discipline-specific degrees view engineering educationdegrees as less rigorous and more in line with “teacher training.” Our survey of engineeringeducation degree holders finds that negative perceptions of rigor still exist seven years afterBorrego surveyed engineering deans. This view may also be reflected in the low number ofparticipants holding tenure track positions. If