Collection

2014 ASEE Zone 1 Conference

Authors

Sarosh Patel; Tarek Sobh

manipulators with full manipulator dexterity at the given task S. Patel is with the Department of Computer Science and Engineering,University of Bridgeport, Bridgeport, CT 06605 USA (e-mail: region or trajectory is proposed. Ting introduced the five-linksaroshp@bridgeport.edu). Grashof criterion [6] and extended it to N-link chains [7], [8]. T. Sobh is with the Department of Computer Science and Engineering,University of Bridgeport, Bridgeport, CT 06605 USA (e-mail:sobh@bridgeport.edu).978-1-4799-5233-5/14/$31.00 ©2014 IEEE B. Parametric Optimization Approach III. PROBLEM STATEMENT Parametric optimization is a

Collection

2014 ASEE Zone 1 Conference

Authors

Thy Dinh; Bryan Slater

standing quarter mile in 13.8 s at 82.3 mph (1). Currently, the cost per gallon of gasoline is $3.29. Using this cost with the efficiency of the gasoline engine produces a cost of $0.07/mile. During the Where x is the number of miles traveled by the bike. combustion of a single gallon of gasoline 8887 grams Then, on the other hand, the cost for the gasoline bike of CO2 are emitted to the atmosphere. This means if is $0.07 per mile. So, the cost for the gas bike is: the bike was to travel 100 miles it would use 1.92 gallons

Collection

2015 ASEE Zone 3 Conference

Authors

Ibrahim M. Alarifi; Abdulaziz Alharbi; Omar Alsaiari; Ramazan Asmatulu

structures. The undergraduate students were involved in every steps of these work andgrained a lot of new technologies, skills and experiences to share with their peers.AcknowledgementThe authors greatly acknowledge the Wichita State University for the financial and technicalsupports of this study. 2015 ASEE Zone III Conference (Gulf Southwest – Midwest – North Midwest Sections)References [1] Zhou, Z., Lai, C., Zhang, L., Qian, Y., Hou, H., Reneker, D. H., & Fong, H. "Development of carbon nanofibers from aligned electrospun polyacrylonitrile nanofiber bundles and characterization of their microstructural, electrical, and mechanical properties." Polymer 50.13 (2009): 2999-3006. [2] Nataraj, S. K

Collection

2014 ASEE Zone 4 Conference

Authors

David Clague; Joshua Wilbur; Elizabeth Stasiowski; Alyson Telford

Theory COMSOL Theory COMSOL % Difference % Difference (cm/s) (cm/s) (Pa) (Pa)Artery 30.0 30.1 0.333 1.080 1.084 0.370Arteriole 0.780 0.782 0.256 1.080 1.082 0.185Capillary 0.096 0.096 0.000 1.080 1.080 0.000For each result presented in Table I, COMSOL Multiphysics mesh refinement was set to‘Normal’. (The students are taught the necessity of a mesh refinement, but due to

Collection

2014 ASEE Zone 4 Conference

Authors

Bruno Osorno

project 1 (from 0 to 100%)?4. What was the percentage of team member 2's contribution to project 1 (from 0 to 100%)?5. What was the percentage of team member 3's contribution to project 1 (from 0 to 100%)?The last three questions of the project participation questionnaire allowed not only to include astudent’s level of participation as he/she perceived and reported it, but also to take intoconsideration the other two team members’ perception of that student’s participation level intheir team. This unique approach to assessment of participation level in teamwork was useful forthe analysis of the relationship between participation level in teamwork and academicperformance.AnalysisFor each student the average of their participation level for each

Collection

2025 ASEE -GSW Annual Conference

Authors

Mengqi Monica Zhan, University of Texas at Arlington; Grace Ellen Brannon, The University of Texas at Arlington; Liwei Zhang, The University of Texas at Arlington; Frank K. Lu, The University of Texas at Arlington

Tagged Topics

Diversity

degree plan choices: A qualitative study with engineering and communication students," submitted to the International Communication Association's Annual Conference, 2025.6. E. L. Deci and R. M. Ryan, "Self-determination theory," in Handbook of Theories of Social Psychology, vol. 1, pp. 416-436, 2012.7. M. S. Eickholt, "The effect of superiors' mentoring on subordinates' organizational identification and workplace outcomes," Master’s Thesis, West Virginia University, 2018.8. K. Kricorian, M. Seu, D. Lopez, and others, "Factors influencing participation of underrepresented students in STEM fields: Matched mentors and mindsets," International Journal of STEM Education, vol. 7, no. 16, 2020.9. S. L. Kuchynka, A. E

Collection

2025 ASEE -GSW Annual Conference

Authors

Rojan Shrestha, The University of Texas at Arlington

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Health, Volume 28, 2023, 100395, ISSN 2352-6483, doi: 10.1016/j.smhl.2023.100395 for successful implementation of AI in educational systems. P = (K × U)/2                              (1) C = 5 - (D + R + S + L)/4              (2) educational initiatives aimed at increasing AI literacy could be effective in [6] Z. Xiong, C. Wang, Y. Li, Y. Luo and Y. Cao, "Swin-Pose: Swin Transformer Based Human Pose Estimation," 2022 IEEE where Where improving student perceptions. 5th

Collection

2025 Northeast Section Conference

Authors

Chushun Wang; A. Umit Coskun; Kai-tak Wan

in a fluid flowbalance equation and the Colebrook friction equationsimultaneously, using an iterative method prone to numerical CD: Dimensionless drag coefficient of an object of well-errors. A better way is a graphical method where the equations defined geometryare plotted on a Moody’s chart and the solution derived by A: Planform or frontal area of an immersed body subject tolocating the intersection(s) of relevant curves. This paper fluid flowintroduces a new Matlab app for such purpose and demonstratesits capability to find (i) flow velocity and (ii) pipe diameter, given There are pragmatic engineering problems that requiresall other relevant parameters. The

Conference Session

Community Engagement Division Technical Session 3- Multi- and Inter-disciplinary, Collaboration, and Engagement in Practice

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Justin Meyer; Laura Weiss; Meris Longmeier; Sathya Gopalakrishnan, The Ohio State University; Donnelley Hayde; Mingqi Cai, The Ohio State University

video. Then, respondents answered a series of questions abouttheir interest and knowledge of several STEM topics, both before and after watching thevideo(s). This retrospective pre/post questionnaire technique helps to alleviate response-shift biaspresent in self-assessed changes in learning attitudes. Our findings show that collaborativepresentation videos increased self-reported audience interest in engineering, and perceptions ofdisciplinary relatedness more than the non-collaborative, individual presentations made by thesame researchers. These results suggest a beneficial role for collaborative communicationstrategies to foster interest in engineering among public audiences, even among people without abackground in STEM. Further

Conference Session

Faculty Perspectives of Active Learning, Inequity, and Curricular Change

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Allison Van Beek, University of Toronto; Susan McCahan, University of Toronto

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

Conference Session

First-Year Programs: Unique Projects and Pedagogies

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Wonki Lee, Purdue University at West Lafayette; Nathan Mentzer, Purdue University at West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

can enhance student engagement and motivation. Significant responses have been theimplementation of student-centered learning [2], [47], [48], project-based learning [49]–[52],collaborative project-based learning approach [7], [53]–[55], collaborative learning [56]–[59] tomotivate students and to support students’ constructing practical, adaptable knowledge to a real-life setting.Project-Based Collaborative Learning in Engineering In an engineering context, the term ‘project’ is perceived as a ‘unit of work,’ on the basisof client(s)’ needs [60]. Project in an engineering education setting is multi-disciplinary andhighly related to a real-life situation, and project-based learning requires the creation of concreteartifact (e.g., a

Conference Session

First-Year Programs: Diversity, Equity and Inclusion in the First Year

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Janet Aderemi Omitoyin, The University of Illinois at Chicago ; Renata A. Revelo, The University of Illinois at Chicago; Betul Bilgin, The University of Illinois at Chicago; Houshang Darabi, The University of Illinois at Chicago; Rezvan Nazempour, The University of Illinois at Chicago

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

study is informed by the need to address the well-documentedunderrepresentation of low-socioeconomic status (SES) and minoritized students in engineeringand other related careers [1]–[3]. Researchers advanced that, in addition to intellectual andscientific reasons, low-income students are attracted to the major by the potential prospect ofemployment after completing a degree [1], [4]. Financial considerations are critical for low-SESengineering students; this includes considerations of financial aid and differential tuition [5].Programs such as the National Science Foundation Scholarships in STEM (S-STEM) have beenimplemented to address financial assistance of low-SES students. This study is part of alongitudinal five-year S-STEM project

Conference Session

Motivation, Goal Orientation, Identity, and Career Aspirations

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Lorenzo Laxamana Ruiz, California Polytechnic University, San Luis Obispo; Dominick Trageser, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo ; Benjamin David Lutz, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

engineers’ satisfaction with helping people and society through their jobs. European Journal of Engineering Education, 44(6), 939–953.Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101.Canning, E. A., Harackiewicz, J. M., Priniski, S. J., Hecht, C. A., Tibbetts, Y., & Hyde, J. S. (2018). Improving performance and retention in introductory biology with a utility-value intervention. Journal of Educational Psychology, 110(6), 834.Cech, E. A. (2014). Culture of disengagement in engineering education? Science, Technology, & Human Values, 39(1), 42–72.Eccles, J. S., & Wigfield, A. (2002). Motivational beliefs, values, and goals. Annual Review of

Conference Session

2-Year College Division: Students and the Pipeline

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Leo Salgado, University of California, Irvine; Sharnnia Artis, University of California, Irvine; Hye Rin Lee, University of California, Irvine; Lorenzo Valdevit, University of California, Irvine

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Two-Year College

students’ motivational factors that led them to choose and continue topursue an engineering baccalaureate degree(s).This studied used Eccles's (1983) expectancy-value theory of motivation as the guidingtheoretical framework to show the relationship between competence and value beliefs as themotivated actions towards earning an engineering degree. It relates competence to, “Can I earnan engineering degree?” and task value beliefs to, “Do I want to earn an engineering degree?”Twenty students (12 first-year and 8 second-year low-income engineering transfer students) wereinterviewed about their experiences in engineering. Additionally, these twenty studentscompleted a survey collecting data on their demographics, recognition, social belongingness

Conference Session

Engineering Ethics Division Technical Session - Ethics Across Contexts

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rockwell Franklin Clancy III, University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong Joint Institute; Horst Hohberger, University of Michigan - Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

speakers in Chinese andEnglish, to better understand the effects of foreign language on ethical judgments. Finally, asmentioned above, this survey will be re-administered to participants on a yearly basis for the nextthree years, to check the reliability of the MFQ and the effects of education on the normativeperspectives described here.References[1] S. Canaves, “Shanghai building collapses, nearly intact,” Wall Street Journal, 29-Jun-2009. [Online]. Available: https://blogs.wsj.com/chinarealtime/2009/06/29/shanghai-building- collapses-nearly-intact/. [Accessed: 13-Apr-2018].[2] J. Berlinger, “22 killed in China building collapse,” CNN, 11-Oct-2016.[3] “China bullet train crash ‘caused by design flaws,’” BBC, 28-Dec-2011

Conference Session

Informing the Critical Understanding of Our Users: Using Data to Develop New and Diverse Services

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kate Mercer, University of Waterloo; Kari D. Weaver, University of Waterloo; Ariel Jocelyn Stables-Kennedy, Western University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Libraries

al. Knowledge Management in 2004 Ireland 14 behaviors of students Leckie et al.'s[44] Project-Based Learning studying to become (PBL*) Engineering Teams professionals. Modifying the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) engineeringLeachman

Conference Session

Mentoring Practices and Project Teams

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Catherine E. Brawner, Research Triangle Educational Consultants; Olivia W. Murch, Purdue University ; Daniel M. Ferguson, Purdue University, West Lafayette (College of Engineering); Matthew W. Ohland, Purdue University, West Lafayette (College of Engineering)

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

models, statewide pre-college math initiatives, teacher and faculty professional development programs, and S-STEM pro- grams.Ms. Olivia W. Murch, Purdue University Senior at Purdue University pursuing a Bachelor of Science degree in Biological, Food Process, Engi- neering. Currently conducting research under Dr. Ferguson through Engineering Education.Dr. Daniel M. Ferguson, Purdue University, West Lafayette (College of Engineering) Daniel M. Ferguson is CATME Managing Director and a research associate at Purdue University. Prior to coming to Purdue he was Assistant Professor of Entrepreneurship at Ohio Northern University. Before assuming that position he was Associate Director of the Inter-Professional Studies

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division – Evaluating Student Behaviors and Attitudes

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Todd M. Fernandez, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Genisson Silva Coutinho, Purdue University, West Lafayette; M. D. Wilson, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Stephen R Hoffmann, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

include an attitude theory based instrument forcollecting information entrepreneurship orientation, a multi-part socio economic statusinstrument, and several additional questions developed by the authors to collect information toexplore ties between demographic and attitude measures of entrepreneurship.Instrument – Entrepreneurship ComponentThe attitude theory component, consisting of 75 Likert-type items, is a modified version of theEntrepreneurial Attitudes and Orientation (EAO) instrument originally developed by Robinson etal16. This instrument, developed in the early 1990’s, used two discrete populations: a populationof entrepreneurs and a population of non-entrepreneurs. The goal of the instrument is toestablish an attitude theory based

Conference Session

Technical Session 11: Topics related to Computer Science

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Farzana Rahman, Florida International University; Samy El-Tawab, James Madison University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

Computer Science (CS) and Integrated Science andTechnology (ISAT) departments who provided critical insight regarding the design of the coursewhich could address the issue of mobile technology development for social good.9. References[1]. Burd, B., Barros, J. a. P., Johnson, C., Kurkovsky, S., Rosenbloom, A., and Tillman, N.“Educating for mobile 
computing: Addressing the new challenges”. in ITiCSE-WGR 12, 2012,pp. 51-63[2]. Blumenfeld, P.C., Soloway, E., Marx, R.W., Krajcik, J.S., Guzdial, M., and Palincsar, A.“Motivating project-based learning: Sustaining the doing, supporting the learning”, EducationalPsychologist, Vol. 26 No. 3, 1991, pp. 369-398[3]. Thomas, A. and Zyl, A. V., Understanding of and attitudes to academic ethics among first

Conference Session

Thermodynamics, Fluids and Heat Transfer II

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Amir Karimi, University of Texas, San Antonio; Randall D. Manteufel, University of Texas, San Antonio

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

with this list that it comes from their memory: T, P, v, u, h, and s. The listcan expand with additional properties, but this is often a sufficient list for many problems. Theinstructor then asks students to evaluate each property to see if it is known or unknown. Maybethe property is clearly given in the problem statement, or it may be determinable from theinformation given in the problem statement. Students are encouraged to find two properties thatare either known or determinable. Again, students appear lost when T and P aren’t thedeterminable properties. In some problems, T and v may be the determinable properties, thenthis leads to a sequence of steps to determine how to evaluate other properties such as P, given Tand v. In many cases

Conference Session

Mathematics Division (MATH) Technical Session 1

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Meiqin Li, University of Virginia; Heze Chen, University of Virginia

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics Division (MATH)

students.Brief History Figure 1. The History of Linear AlgebraIn the 1960s (Figure 1), a group of mathematicians, notably associated with the Bourbaki Schoolsuch as J. Dieudonné and S. Lang, advocated for a significant overhaul in mathematicseducation, labeling it "Modern Mathematics." They believed that what students learned shouldmatch how mathematicians were logically constructing math at the time. Consequently, LinearAlgebra became a highly abstract and formalized subject. Aspects like Analytic Geometry andMatrix Calculus were largely overlooked in favor of emphasizing complex mathematicalstructures. The focus shifted away from intuition towards a more rigorous exploration of thesestructures, making Linear Algebra a

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Shannon M Clancy, University of Michigan; Shanna R. Daly, University of Michigan; Colleen M. Seifert, University of Michigan

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Foundationdivisions of Engineering Education and Centers in the CAREER program under Grant No.1943805 and the Graduate Fellowship Program under grant no. DGE-2241144. Any opinions,findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of theauthor(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.References[1] Educating the Engineer of 2020: Adapting Engineering Education to the New Century. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press, 2005, p. 11338. doi: 10.17226/11338.[2] J. Mills and D. Treagust, “Engineering education - Is problem-based or project-based learning the answer?,” Australas. Assoc. Eng. Educ., vol. 3, 2003.[3] D. Therriault, E. Douglas, E. Buten, E. Bates, J. Waisome, and M. Berry

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Eileen Johnson, University of Michigan; Sara Rose Vohra, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Jeanne Sanders, University of Michigan; Joseph Francis Mirabelli, University of Michigan; Andrea J Kunze, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign; Karin Jensen, University of Michigan

Tagged Topics

Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session

Conference Session

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM) Technical Session 24

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kimia Moozeh, Queen's University ; Paul Cameron Hungler P.Eng.

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM)

Paper ID #41514Use of Theories in Extended Reality Educational Studies: A Systematic LiteratureReviewDr. Kimia Moozeh, Queen’s University Kimia Moozeh is a research associate at Queen’s university in Engineering Education. Her PhD dissertation at University of Toronto explored improving the learning outcomes of undergraduate laboratories. Her research interests are lab-based learning, online learning and metacognition.Dr. Paul Cameron Hungler P.Eng., Dr. Paul Hungler is an assistant professor in the Department of Chemical Engineering and Ingenuity Labs at Queenˆa C™s University. Prior to starting his current position, Major

Conference Session

Engineering Economy Education

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Louis Reifschneider, Illinois State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Economy

then submit first select Solar data Figure 5. Parameter selection screen for desired location.5. The next screen will display the data, see Figure 6. Only one row of the data is needed for the analysis: the "tilt 39" row which represents the radiation for a panel tilted at the geographic latitude for this location. However, to keep track of the header information, select the range of data shown in Figure 6 using a mouse. Copy the highlighted field and then paste into a M/S Excel worksheet. When performing the pasting it is important to "paste special/unicode text" to create a nice set of column delimited data as shown in Figure 7. Page 22.1245.6

Conference Session

Track 8: Technical Session 3: Exploring Engineering Faculty Views on their Role in Broadening Participation in Engineering

Collection

2024 Collaborative Network for Engineering & Computing Diversity (CoNECD)

Authors

Gerica Brown, University of Dayton

Tagged Topics

CoNECD Paper Sessions, Diversity

White Male Tenure Track 1-5 Brownland University Kermit White Male Tenure Track 5-10 Brownland University Michael White Male Tenured >20 University C Rick White Male Tenured 10-15 Brownland University Sam White Female Tenured 5-10 Brownland University Sarah White Female Lecturer 15-20 Brownland University Sarah S White Female Tenure Track 5-10 Brownland University Scott White Male Tenured 15-20 Brownland University Suze

Conference Session

NEE Technical Session 4 - Assessments: Grading and deadlines

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cassie Wallwey, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Michelle Soledad, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Carol Geary, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators Division (NEE)

; BackgroundAssigning grades as a practice in educational systems has been used commonly since the early1900’s [1]. Grades are globally ubiquitous to students’ academic success. Whether representedalphabetically (A, B, C, D, & F) or numerically (through percentages or grade-point averages)grades can be considered a universal language taught to nearly everyone as early as primary andelementary school.Grades are a practice tool and serve dual function in educational systems. Formative assessmentsare ideally low stakes assignments that happen multiple times in a way that scaffolds studentlearning and development and deliver frequent real-time feedback to students [2], [3], so anygrades that are a result of a formative assessments (e.g., homework, quizzes

Conference Session

Using a Real-Options Analysis Tutorial in Teaching Undergraduate Students

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John A. White Jr., University of Arkansas

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Economy

values. In addition, discrete compounding or continuous compounding can be used. Finally, the BSM equations or the BS option table can be used. Shown below are solutions for all combinations of the alternatives, except using the BS option table. a) T = 24, discrete compounding, with rf = (1.04)1/12 -1 = 0.003274 and F = sqrt[(0.30)2/12)] = 8.6603%. S = $55.00, X = $58.50, d1 = {ln(55/58.50) + [ln(1.003274) + (0.086603)2/2](24)}/ [0.086603sqrt(24)] = 0.25161, d2 = 0.25161 - 0.086603sqrt(24) = -0.17266, N(d1) = 0.59933, N(d2) = 0.43146, and C = 55(0.59933) - 58.50(0.43146)/(1.04)2 = $9.63 b) T = 24, continuous compounding, with rf = ln(1.04)/12 = 0.0032684 and F = sqrt[(0.30)2/12) = 8.6603%. S = $55.00, X = $58.50, d1 = {ln(55

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kimberly Cook-Chennault, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey; Ahmad Farooq, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey

perceive their learning experiences in laboratory environments (remote and in-person)? The study was conducted at a Research-1 institution in the Northeastern region of the UnitedStates in a capstone senior engineering laboratory course. Qualitative and quantitative data wascollected via post-questionnaires and interviews. Data was analyzed in terms of laboratoryenvironment, i.e., in-person or virtual/remote and student background/experiences as described ininterviews. This work will help researchers and educators understand what aspects of courseevaluation instruments are useful in comparing laboratory environments and how theseinstruments relate or inform the instructor about perceived usefulness of course content andmechanism(s) of

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Karl D. Schubert FIET, University of Arkansas; Leslie Bartsch Massey, University of Arkansas; Alan E. Ellstrand, University of Arkansas

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

literature, and the media.Yet, once past the title and initial discussion, the focus invariably is on entrepreneurship – notinnovation. This focus on entrepreneurship is fueled by the excitement of “the start-upexperience,” the aura of its founders as entrepreneurs, and the community for economicdevelopment. “Entrepreneurship leverages innovation to create value” [10] and “entrepreneursneed to search purposely for the sources of innovation” [11] to be successful. Whereas“[i]nnovation – or practical creativity – is mainly about making new ideas useful [and] aninnovator…solve[s] old problems with new ideas…or solve[s] new problems with old ideas usedin radically different ways.” [12] Innovation is possible without entrepreneurship