Conference Session

Design in Engineering Education Division (DEED) - Student-Centered Approaches in Design Education

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Amit Shashikant Jariwala, Georgia Institute of Technology; Jill Fennell, Georgia Institute of Technology; Christian Sims, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education Division (DEED)

Paper ID #42968Communicating Effectively with a Range of Audiences: Audience Avatars inEngineering Design EducationDr. Amit Shashikant Jariwala, Georgia Institute of Technology Dr. Amit Jariwala is the Director of Design & Innovation for the School of Mechanical Engineering at Georgia Tech. He develops and maintains industry partnerships to support experiential, entrepreneurial, and innovative learning experiences within the academic curriculum of the school. He is a Woodruff School Teaching Fellow and strives to enhance education by developing classes, workshops, and events focused on implementing hands-on

Conference Session

Improving Technical Understanding of All Americans

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mary Kasarda, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Brenda Brand, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Michael Collver, Montgomery County Public Schools; Gabriel Goldman, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

Tagged Divisions

Technological Literacy Constituent Committee

AC 2008-625: THE VIRGINIA TECH FIRST ROBOTICS PROGRAMPARTNERSHIP: TECHNOLOGICAL LITERACY THROUGH SELF-EFFICACYMary Kasarda, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityBrenda Brand, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityMichael Collver, Montgomery County Public SchoolsGabriel Goldman, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Gabe Goldman is a Ph'D candidate in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Virginia Tech Page 13.1282.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2008 The Virginia Tech FIRST Robotics Program Partnership: Technological Literacy through

Conference Session

Improvements in ECE Signals and Systems

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Berenice Verdin, University of Texas at El Paso; Ricardo Von Borries, University of Texas, El Paso; Patricia A. Nava P.E., University of Texas, El Paso; Andrew C. Butler, Duke University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

Page 24.158.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2014An Experiment to enhance Signals and Systems learning by using technology based teaching strategiesThe University of Texas at El Paso teamed with the “Signal Processing Education Network,”(SPEN), which consists of academic, industry and professional community. SPEN, an NSF-sponsored effort, is based on four technologies: Connexions, interactive simulation tools,Quadbase question/answer system and OpenStax Tutor. It seeks to develop materials that alloweducators to break away from traditional textbook-lecture-homework education, and create a newframework based on an engaged community of educators, students, and industry

Conference Session

Sustainable Energy Education

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Liping Guo, Northern Illinois University; Mansour Tahernezhadi, Northern Illinois University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

AC 2011-270: EMERGING TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE - TRAINING MID-DLE AND HIGH SCHOOL TEACHERS IN ALTERNATIVE ENERGYLiping Guo, Northern Illinois University Liping Guo received the B. E. degree in Automatic Control from Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China in 1997, the M. S. and Ph. D. degrees in Electrical & Computer Engineering from Auburn Uni- versity, AL, USA in 2001 and 2006 respectively. She is currently an Assistant Professor in the Electrical Engineering Technology program in the Technology Department at the Northern Illinois University. Her research and teaching interests are mainly in the area of power electronics, renewable energy, embedded systems and automatic control. Dr. Guo is a senior member

Collection

2024 CIEC

Authors

Gary Mullett; Lara Sharp

Industry and Education Collaboration Copyright ©2024, American Society for Engineering Education ETD 455extent they have become more isolated from each other or as people like to refer to them asbecoming “silos.”At this college at one time, there was an Electronics technology program, an electricaltechnology program, and a bio-medical technology program which all taught slightly differentversions of DC and AC circuit theory. How could this happen? Politics and adequate funding arethe most obvious answers. Today only the electrical technology program still exists as a degree-granting entity. Although this situation is more efficient

Conference Session

Exploring Technological Literacy and Awareness

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Krupczak, Hope College; Kate Disney, Mission College

Tagged Divisions

Two Year College Division

AC 2009-655: INSTRUCTOR-FRIENDLY INTRODUCTORY LABORATORYPROJECTS FOR USE IN 2 OR 4 YEAR COLLEGESJohn Krupczak, Hope College Professor of EngineeringKate Disney, Mission College Engineering Instructor Page 14.746.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009 Instructor-Friendly Introductory Laboratory Projects for Use in 2 or 4 Year CollegesAbstractA group of educators from engineering programs at both four and two year colleges hasdeveloped laboratory modules with an emphasis on activities and perspectives shown to besuccessful in technological literacy courses for non-engineering students. To meet the needs ofcommunity

Collection

2006 ASEE Midwest Section Conference

Authors

Saeed Khan, Kansas State University at Salina; Beverlee Kissick, Kansas State University at Salina

of our citizens as possible have the opportunity to capture the benefits that flowfrom that engagement1." The urgency with which this “vigorous engagement” has to be pursuedin the area of technical education is apparent from remarks made by William Wulf, in hisPresidents Speech to the National Academy of Engineering in 2003, in which he concludes withthis advice: “Our society is dependent upon technology created by engineers. Engineering ischanging rapidly, and I believe engineering education has to change even faster for us tomaintain our quality of life. We’ve studied it to death. We know what to do. So let’s get on withit!2” The rapidly changing technological ecosystems demand that students in science andtechnology prepare for the growing

Conference Session

LGBTQ+ Track - Technical Session IV

Collection

2018 CoNECD - The Collaborative Network for Engineering and Computing Diversity Conference

Authors

David J. McLaughlin, University of Massachusetts, Amherst; Genny Beemyn, University of Massachusetts, Amherst

Tagged Topics

Diversity, LGBTQ+

Paper ID #241162018 CoNECD - The Collaborative Network for Engineering and ComputingDiversity Conference: Crystal City, Virginia Apr 29Queer Lights: Combining technology, LGBTQA and diversity topics in anaccessible and inclusive learning environmentDr. David J McLaughlin, University of Massachusetts, Amherst I presently serve as Associate Engineering Dean and Professor of Electrical & Computer Engineering at UMass Amherst since 2005; Previously was Associate Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at UMass Amherst and Northeastern University. Prior to becoming Associate Dean, I served as director of the NSF

Conference Session

IS and IT Education

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Fanyu Zeng

for a board-approved organization before receiving their licenses.Professional engineers must have at least four years of work experience. Requiring somekind of apprenticeship assures that people who enter a profession have practice workingat a satisfactory competence level.Now many people realize that to information technology (IT) industry education alone isnot sufficient to develop full professional capabilities. They ask whether or not such alevel of education is sufficient for status as a professional. More and more people nowpromote the idea of an education requirement beyond a Bachelor's degree, suggesting aprofessional-school approach similar to the professions of law, medicine, pharmacy, andothers. After completed a college program

Conference Session

Pedagogical Innovations in Laboratory Education

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Douglas Sugg, United States Navy; Elizabeth Gentry, National Institute of Standards and Technology; John Fishell, STEP Conference

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

AC 2010-310: THE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION PARTNERSHIP (STEP): GROWTH,CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN STEM OUTREACHDouglas Sugg, United States NavyElizabeth Gentry, National Institute of Standards and TechnologyJohn Fishell, STEP Conference Page 15.1254.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2010 The Science and Technology Education Partnership (STEP): Growth, Challenges and Opportunities in STEM OutreachAbstract:This paper explores a comprehensive and proactive approach that is currently being used by theScience and Technology Education Partnership (STEP) Program in Southern California to helpensure that the pipeline of

Conference Session

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies: Classroom and Online Innovations

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert Edwards, Pennsylvania State University - Erie; Liyong Sun, Pennsylvania State University - Erie

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

Paper ID #16656Developing In-Class Experiments for Fluid and Thermal Science Courses forTechnology StudentsMr. Robert Edwards, Pennsylvania State University - Erie Bob Edwards is a Lecturer of Engineering at Penn State Erie, The Behrend College, teaching in the Mechanical Engineering Technology department. He has a Bachelors in Mechanical Engineering from Rochester Institute of Technology and a Masters in Engineering from Gannon University. His primary area of interest is in the thermal sciences. He teaches thermodynamics, heat transfer and a thermal sci- ences course for Electrical Engineering Technology students. He has

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session I

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Spencer Seung Kim, Rochester Institute of Technology (CAST); Elizabeth Dell, Rochester Institute of Technology (COE)

Tagged Topics

Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session

Paper ID #14628Transforming Curriculum for Workforce Development in Green Plastics Man-ufacturing Technology (GPMT) for STEM: Lesson LearnedDr. Spencer Seung Kim, Rochester Institute of Technology (CAST) Dr. Spencer Kim is an Associate Professor in Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering Technology Department (MMET) at RIT, and serves as Associate Director of American Packaging Corporation Cen- ter for Packaging Innovation at RIT. He previously worked in the semiconductor industry. Dr. Kim, as a PI or Co-PI, received grants and sponsorship from NSF, SME, SPE, universities, and industries. In 2009 and 2013, he was

Conference Session

Additive Manufacturing Practices

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tzu-Liang Bill Tseng, University of Texas; Aditya Akundi, University of Texas; Juan Alejandro Saavedra, University of Texas; Eric D. Smith, University of Texas

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

engineering, cognitive science, and multi-criteria decision making. He earned his J.D. from Northwestern California University School of Law. Page 26.269.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2015 AUGMENTING HIGH SCHOOL STUDENT INTEREST IN STEM EDUCATION USING ADVANCED MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGYEngineering effective education is gaining a huge interest for harvesting and improving highereducation on a global basis for increasing student engagement in Science, Technology,Engineering and Mathematics (STEM). As a part of this effort, this paper is based on introducinghigh school

Conference Session

Innovative Courses/Pedagogies in Liberal Education I

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Layton, DeVry University

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education

AC 2010-1737: USING THE COLLEGE SCIENCE FICTION CLASS TO TEACHTECHNOLOGY AND ETHICS: THEMES AND METHODSDavid Layton, DeVry University Page 15.1341.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2010Using the College Science Fiction Class to Teach Technology and Ethics: Themes and MethodsAbstractThis paper proposes that one educational opportunity to enhance understanding of technologycomes from the liberal arts. This opportunity is the teaching of ethics related to technology,science, and technological change, using science fiction for these themes. The course is proposedas part of a general education program in colleges and universities, given

Conference Session

Information Literacy, Computer Efficacy and Readiness

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Melissa Isabel Zelaya, Clemson University; Kapil Chalil Madathil, Clemson University; Jeff Bertrand; Tianwei Wang, Clemson; Anand K. Gramopadhye, Clemson University; John R. Wagner, Clemson University; Sabarish V. DUPE Babu, School of Computing, Clemson University

Tagged Divisions

Two Year College Division

Paper ID #6797An investigation of the Information-Seeking Behaviors of Two-Year CollegeStudents Enrolled in Technology ProgramsMs. Melissa Isabel Zelaya, Clemson University Melissa I. Zelaya is the Program Manager of the Center for Aviation and Automotive Technical Education using Virtual E-Schools (CAAVES). She is also a doctoral candidate in the Industrial Engineering depart- ment at Clemson University. Her research interests include the effects of digital learning environments on technology and engineering education, student-centered learning, and human-computer interaction. She received her B.S. and M.S. in

Collection

2005 ASEE Midwest Section Conference

Authors

Beverlee Kissick; Saeed Khan

Competencies for a Global Environment “Proceedings of the 2005 Midwest Section Conference of the American Society for Engineering Education” 4An example of using Emerson CirclesTraditionally, students majoring in technical subjects have learned about human diversityfrom courses in the humanities and social sciences. While perspectives gained in thesecourses are valuable, it is necessary for technology educators themselves to address whyknowledge of contemporary societal and global issues is relevant to the professionaldevelopment and future success of technology students. Faculty members at K-State atSalina have begin

Conference Session

Track 4: Technical Session 5: Impact of Generative AI Technologies on Blind and Visually Impaired Students: A Case Study

Collection

2025 Collaborative Network for Engineering & Computing Diversity (CoNECD)

Authors

Lance Leon Allen White, Texas A&M University; Sara Amani, Texas A&M University; Trini Sofia Balart, Texas A&M University; Amanda Kate Lacy; Gene Sung-Ho Kim, Stanford University; Gibin Raju, Texas A&M University; Karan Watson P.E., Texas A&M University; Kristi J. Shryock, Texas A&M University

Tagged Topics

2025 CoNECD Paper Submissions, Diversity

Paper ID #45200Impact of Generative AI Technologies on Blind and Visually Impaired Students:A Case StudyMr. Lance Leon Allen White, Texas A&M University Lance White is a Ph.D. student at Texas A&M University in Interdisciplinary Engineering with a thrust in Engineering Education. He is working as a Lecturer in the Engineering Academic and Student Affairs unit teaching first-year engineering in the College of Engineering at Texas A&M UniversitySara Amani, Texas A&M University Sara Amani is currently a doctoral candidate in the Multidisciplinary Engineering Department at Texas A&M University. She has

Conference Session

Capstone/Design Projects: Information/Computer ET

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Sam Geonetta

Thinking, Communicating, and Practicing: Development of a Senior Design Capstone Curriculum In Information Technology Dr. Sam C. Geonetta University of Cincinnati, College of Applied Science 2220 Victory Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45245Introduction The University of Cincinnati’s College of Applied Science Information Technology (IT)program, founded as the Information Engineering Technology program in 1998, has a significanthands-on component in its requirements. The IT program offers a Bachelor (BS) and Associate(AS) degree option with both day and evening schedules. Learners choose a

Collection

2001 Annual Conference

Authors

Sanjiv Gokhale; Hadi Yamin

Session 2793 Transition from Traditional Courses to Time-shortened Courses – New Initiatives in the Construction Technology Discipline Sanjiv Gokhale, Hadi Yamin Purdue School of Engineering and Technology, IUPUIAbstractIntensive or time-shortened courses taught outside the traditional semester or quarter systemformat are becoming increasingly common in many colleges and universities across the UnitedStates. The primary reason for this transition from traditional courses to flexible format coursesis due to the increasing number of non-traditional students. Intensive, short duration courses

Collection

1996 Annual Conference

Authors

John O. Dimmock; Stephen T. Kowel

implementation of this program. This program willproduce highly trained graduates who can also solve practical problems, and includes an on-site practicum ata manufacturing location. The broad curriculum of this program emphasizes the fundamentals of optics, optical systemsmanufacturing and testing, and the principles of design and manufacturing to cost for commercial products. The MS in Physics and MSE in Electrical Engineering Degrees with concentration in Optics andPhotonics Technology are offered by the respective UAH academic departments with support from and inconsultation with a Steering Committee composed of representatives from each of the participatingorganizations, and a student representative from UAH.Keywords: education, optics

Conference Session

New Trends in ECE Education I

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kenneth A Connor, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Dianna L. Newman, University at Albany/SUNY; Meghan Morris Deyoe, University at Albany/SUNY

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

AC 2012-4521: MOBILE STUDIO PEDAGOGY, PART 2: SELF-REGULATEDLEARNING AND BLENDED TECHNOLOGY INSTRUCTIONProf. Kenneth A Connor, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Kenneth Connor is a professor in the Department of Electrical, Computer, and Systems Engineering where he teaches courses on plasma physics, electromagnetics, electronics and instrumentation, electric power, and general engineering. His research involves plasma physics, electromagnetics, photonics, engineering education, diversity in the engineering workforce, and technology enhanced learning. Since joining the Rensselaer faculty in 1974, he has been continuously involved in research programs at such places as Oak Ridge National Laboratory and the

Conference Session

ASEE Multimedia Session

Collection

2002 Annual Conference

Authors

Stephen Renshaw; Joseph Ekstrom

large body of knowledge to cover. 2. The technology is evolving rapidly. 3. Students want to learn permanent, absolute answers where none exist.Thus any course in networking must teach the students fundamental concepts combinedwith current technology in such a way that the students will be prepared for professionalpractice and yet be able to understand and embrace change through an attitude of life-long growth in the field. The rapid evolution of the field also requires that the instru ctor Page 7.353.1 Proceedings of the 2002 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & 1 Exposition Copyright Ó 2002

Conference Session

Innovations in Web Site Design

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

Amy Van Epps

Education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright © 2003, American Society for Engineering EducationWhy would libraries apply this technology locally? The inherent efficiency in re- use of datameans databases are a fantastic way to store and present large volumes of data with manycommon elements. A prime example of this technology in many libraries is the maintenance anddisplay of the collection of electronic indexes. In the context of a libraries’ collection of indexes,a comprehensive database with descriptions and subject designations could be used to generateone list of all indexes and many different subject lists. When a page is rendered, only thenecessary pieces are selected for each page display. Different fields in

Conference Session

Learning about Power Systems and Power Consumption

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joshua Baumgartner, LeTourneau University; Timothy Hewitt, LeTourneau University; Edgar Licea, LeTourneau University; Nolan Willis, LeTourneau University; Matthew Green, LeTourneau University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

AC 2010-828: SYSTEMS DESIGN OF A HYDRO-KINETIC TECHNOLOGY FORRURAL AREAS OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIESJoshua Baumgartner, LeTourneau University Joshua Baumgartner is a senior mechanical engineering student at LeTourneau University. A National Merit Finalist and member of LeTourneau’s Honors Program, he advanced to the 2008 ASME Student Design Contest International Finals with his sophomore design team. Joshua plans to return to his hometown of San Antonio to work in building design and become a professional engineer. His other career interests include teaching engineering and designing for people with disabilities.Timothy Hewitt, LeTourneau University Tim Hewitt is currently studying for his

Conference Session

Industry Collaboration in Construction Education

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Dan Koo, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis; J. William White AIA, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis; Veto Matthew Ray, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis

Tagged Divisions

Construction

Paper ID #9204Development of Effective Extracurricular Construction Technology Educa-tion Programs for University and Industry CollaborationsDr. Dan Koo, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis Dr. Koo is an assistant professor in the department of engineering and technology at Indiana University and Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI). Dr. Koo is also a registered PE. Dr. Koo’s research and professional activities are primarily focused on heavy civil infrastructure system, underground infrastruc- ture system management and development, trenchless engineering, and sustainability. Dr. Koo received a Ph

Collection

1999 Annual Conference

Authors

Frank Cheng; Daniel M. Chen

Session 1463 TS/ 3 Incorporating Robotic Simulation Technology into the Undergraduate Curriculum of Robotics and Industrial Automation Frank Cheng, Daniel Chen Department of Industrial and Engineering Technology Central Michigan University fcheng@iet.cmich.eduAbstractSimulation technology has not only fundamentally changed the way of conducting integratedproduct design and process development in industries, but also provided educators with newapproaches to enhance the learning

Conference Session

ELOS Technical Session 5 - Remote, Virtual, and Digital Realities

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Hicks, Texas A&M University, Kingsville ; Lifford McLauchlan, Texas A&M University, Kingsville; Mehrube Mehrubeoglu, Texas A&M University, Corpus Christi; Hemanth Kumar Reddy Bhimavarapu

Tagged Divisions

Experimentation and Laboratory-Oriented Studies Division (DELOS)

McLauchlan is an Associate Professor in the Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department at Texas A&M University - Kingsville, and has also worked for Raytheon, Microvision, AT&T Bell Labs, and as an ONR Distinguished Summer Faculty at SPAWAR San Diego, CA. He has over 55 publications covering areas such as adaptive and intelligent controls, robotics, an ocean wave energy converter, green technology, education, wireless sensor networks and image processing. He is a co-inventor on 3 US patents related to control systems. Dr. McLauchlan is a member of ASEE and was the 2012-2014 Chair of the Ocean and Marine Engineering Division. He is also a member of IEEE (senior member), SPIE, Eta Kappa Nu, ACES and Tau

Conference Session

Dimensions of Engineering Literacy and Engineering in General Education

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yuetong Lin, Indiana State University; A. Mehran Shahhosseini, Indiana State University; M. Affan Badar, University of Sharjah & Indiana State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Technological and Engineering Literacy/Philosophy of Engineering

Paper ID #18135Assessing conceptual mapping based active learning for advancing engineer-ing diagnostic skillsDr. Yuetong Lin, Indiana State University Yuetong Lin received the Ph.D. degree in Systems and Industrial Engineering from the University of Arizona, Tucson, in 2005. He was with Indiana State University from 2005 to 2016, where he became associate professor of Electronics and Computer Engineering Technology, and the program coordinator for Computer Engineering Technology. He joined Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Worldwide in September 2016 as an associate professor in the Department of Engineering and

Conference Session

Engineering Literacy: Champions of Engineering in General Education

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert M. Briber, University of Maryland, College Park; Romel D Gomez P.E., University of Maryland, College Park

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Technological and Engineering Literacy/Philosophy of Engineering

and the structural characterization of soft materials. He is a past President of the Neutron Scattering Society of America, a Fellow of the American Physical Society and of the Neutron Scattering Society of America, a recipient of the Department of Commerce Bronze Medal, a University of Maryland Distinguished-Scholar Teacher, a former editor of the Journal of Polymer Science. He teaches the class ”Materials of Civilization”, an I-Series and a University of Maryland Marquee Science and Technology course.Prof. Romel D Gomez P.E., University of Maryland, College Park R.D. Mel Gomez is a Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the Univesity of Maryland. He teaches engineering design, circuits

Conference Session

Engineering Literacy: Champions of Engineering in General Education

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John R. Reisel, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Technological and Engineering Literacy/Philosophy of Engineering

non-engineering students offered through the Honors College at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. The course was a general course about energy, and covered issues involving energyassociated with transportation, electricity generation, and building systems. The paper discussesfinding the appropriate level of coverage of the subject material, the challenges and opportunitieswith teaching in a seminar-style format, and setting appropriate expectations for upper-levelstudents from a variety of non-engineering disciplines. The paper also includes lessons learnedfrom the course so as to improve the course in future offerings.IntroductionIn recent years, there has been recognition that increasing the technological literacy of thegeneral populace