Conference Session

Opportunities for Entrepreneurship Programs and Program Assessment

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Thomas Mason, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

the design process. Design increasinglyincludes the voice of the customer, financial considerations and production and supplychain issues. The role of the engineer in the cross functional teams that do new productand process development is greatly facilitated when that engineer understands the overallpicture from idea conception to an adequate number of satisfied customers.There are also other practical incentives for the engineer’s bag of tools to includeentrepreneurial skills. Employment in Fortune 500 companies has been going down fordecades, and engineers are increasingly finding themselves in small and medium sizedenterprises. Most new jobs have been occurring in small and medium sized companies,especially those that are young and

Conference Session

Design: Content and Context

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Christine B. Masters, Pennsylvania State University; Mieke Schuurman, Pennsylvania State University; Gül Okudan, Pennsylvania State University; Samuel T Hunter, Pennsylvania State University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

knowledge but considerably decreasing originalityand fluency of ideas generated in fact resonates with many. Industrial leaders long expressed amounting concern about the impact of traditional engineering education on the creative potentialof future engineers. A lack of creativity is viewed as problematic in a rapidly changingtechnology-oriented world where generating new ideas is essential to survival.9 In addition,industry has perceived new BS engineering graduates as lacking design capability or creativity,as well as an appreciation for considering alternatives. Further, a 1995 ASME report rankedcreative thinking as 5th of 56 top desired “best practices” for new BS-level engineers as seen byindustry and academe.10 In the past several years

Conference Session

Design: Content and Context

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Richard Melnyk, United States Military Academy; Daisie Boettner, United States Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

AC 2008-263: AN INTEGRATED APPROACH TO GRADING A MECHANICALENGINEERING CAPSTONE DESIGN COURSE AT THE UNITED STATESMILITARY ACADEMYRichard Melnyk, United States Military Academy Major Rich Melnyk graduated from West Point in 1995 with a Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering. He earned a Master of Science degree in Aerospace Engineering from the Georgia Institute of Technology in 2003 and a Master of Business Administration from the University of Phoenix in 2007. He served as an Instructor and Assistant Professor in the Department of Civil & Mechanical Engineering at West Point from 2004 to 2007. During that time, Major Melnyk was the course director for two of the three courses in the

Conference Session

Professional Skills and the Workplace

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ashley Ater Kranov, Center for Teaching, Learning & Technology; Robert Olsen, Washington State University; Carl Hauser, Washington State University; Laura Girardeau, Washington State University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

thesix professional skills to the ABET engineering criteria, engineering education in the US today is“falling far short of preparing engineering graduates for practicing—and leading—in a change-driven, knowledge-intensive, global society that will characterize the decades ahead.”3In Restructuring Engineering Education: A Focus on Change, the NSF recommends thatengineering courses include early and continued exposure to environmental, political and socialissues and their international and historical contexts, as well as legal and ethical implications ofengineering solutions.4 Oberst and Jones argue that engineers shape and are shaped by “theemerging realities of a truly global workforce. Engineers as a professional group are thuscanaries in the

Conference Session

Research Infrastructure in STEM Disciplines

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Miguel Labrador, University of South Florida; Cesar Guerrero, University of South Florida; Rafael Perez, University of South Florida

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

restaurants, movie theaters, ashopping center, and a recreational park within walking distance or a short bus ride, several othersocial activities were arranged for them.Educational and other informational presentations need to be arranged too. Workshops on libraryresearch techniques, ethics, poster design, presentation skills, writing research papers, gettinginto graduate school, obtaining financial support, patents and licensing, and strategies for successin professional careers, are several alternatives. Several of these presentations can be organizedas lunch seminars. In addition, it is very important to schedule presentations for the students tohighlight their accomplishments. Formal presentations at the middle and the end of the ten-weekperiod

Conference Session

Engineering Student Involvement in K12 Programs

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lynn Albers, North Carolina State University; Althea Smith, North Carolina State University; Kate Caldwell, North Carolina State University; Jessica McCoy, North Carolina State University; Laura Bottomley, North Carolina State University; Elizabeth Parry, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

AC 2008-1907: THE IMPACT OF OUT-OF-SCHOOL TIME (OST) MATH ANDSCIENCE CLUBS ON ELEMENTARY AND MIDDLE SCHOOL STUDENTS,TEACHERS, SCHOOLS AND THE UNDERGRADUATE AND GRADUATEFELLOWS THAT FACILITATE THEMLynn Albers, North Carolina State University Lynn Albers is a third-year NSF-GE Foundation RAMP-UP graduate Fellow. She received her B.S. in Mathematics with a minor in Music from MIT in 1992 and her M.S. in Mechanical Engineering with a minor in Nuclear Engineering from Manhattan College in 1996. After working for Nortel Networks and the NC Solar Center, Lynn matriculated at North Carolina State University where she is a Ph.D. candidate in Mechanical Engineering, focusing on renewable energy.Althea Smith

Conference Session

Educating the Whole Engineer - Building Life Skills

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Amy Kindschi, University of Wisconsin - Madison; Patrick Eagan, University of Wisconsin - Madison; Paul Ross, University of Wisconsin - Madison

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Libraries

engineering tools necessary for engineering practice.ABET criteria a through k invite interpretation. This has been a source of concern for someeducators, but it has invited the IRRAE instructors to assess and articulate the research aims ofthe course and their applications to graduate work in engineering leadership. 2 Facility inresearch methodologies contribute to success in engineering professionalism: knowledge ofbasics, design of experiments, design of systems, problem analysis and solution, impact ofengineering work. It is also easy to see that research skills contribute to the professionalism of“life-long learning” and that the research tools increasingly available for secondary research are“necessary for engineering practice.”The

Conference Session

The Best of Design in Engineering Education

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kathryn Jablokow, Pennsylvania State University-Great Valley; Danielle DeCristoforo, Lockheed-Martin

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

of Graduate Professional Studies, Pennsylvania State University, where she concentrated on problem solving in science and engineering and completed her professional paper on the creative style of products of invention. Page 13.1094.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2008 Sorting Out “Creativity” in Design AssessmentAbstractThis paper describes the early development of a practical framework for the assessment ofproducts of design that is aimed at resolving some of the confusion surrounding “creativity”within that field. In particular, key concepts from problem solving theory are used to

Conference Session

Graphics and Visualization

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jon Duff, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

practical application of collaborative perceptualization science and to focus is on the research, development, integration, and evaluation of high-end technologies and systems that extend and complement commercially available tools.Funding Model Original funding was through an NSF instrumentation grant and a corporate donation. There is a recurring capital budget from ITaP and tuition premium funding went into the strategic plan for the center. Staffing is supported by 100% hard line funding; there is recurring funding to buy-out portions of “faculty fellow” contracts. Departments are charged back for visualization services unless supported by grants. There is some institutional funding for graduate

Conference Session

Mentoring Graduate Students

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jan Rinehart, Rice University; Sherry Woods, University of Texas at Austin; Rebecca Richards-Kortum, Rice University

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

Women’s Pursuit of Academic Careers through Knowledge and NetworkingAbstractThe under-representation of women and U.S. ethnic minorities in science, technology,mathematics, and engineering (STEM) is a well established fact. There are numerous studiesthat disclose reasons for this under-representation at all steps along the academic process. Inresponse to this research and in the interest of bridging the Ph.D. and postdoctoral scholar stepsinto an academic career, the Cockrell School of Engineering at the University of Texas at Austin,the George R. Brown School of Engineering at Rice University, and the Wiess School of NaturalSciences at Rice University in Houston, Texas have designed and hosted workshops sinceOctober 2004 entitled

Conference Session

Mentoring Graduate Students

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tershia Pinder-Grover, University of Michigan; Sarah Root, University of Arkansas; Emine Cagin, University of Michigan

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

mentoring, and our research questions are as follows: 1. How does the formalized and on-the-job training benefit the EGSMs during their tenure as a mentor and beyond? 2. What learning outcomes are enhanced or developed for the mentors through the EGSM program? 3. How does the EGSM program impact the teaching practices, mentoring, and career direction of participants?The survey was adapted from Meizlish and Wright20 and included (a) questions about careerchoices, with respondents in academia providing information about their institutional context andpostsecondary teaching experiences and graduate students sharing their potential career choices;(b) items associated with the value of the GSM training and what they learned

Conference Session

Improving the Teaching Skills of Graduate Students

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Adam Melvin, North Carolina State University; Lisa Bullard, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

prepare the TAs for thesetasks.This paper describes an informal, experiential TA training seminar that provides new TAs withinstruction from a knowledgeable faculty member paired with an experienced TA. The first partof the paper discusses how the session is designed to equip TA’s with skills and confidence inteaching, working with students in office hours, grading and dealing with a variety of otherchallenges they are likely to face. The second part outlines how to make the training sessionactive, informal and effective. Pairing a faculty member with a TA is a critical component of theworkshop design. Participant evaluations and informal feedback suggest that new TAs are moreinclined to ask questions of someone close to their developmental level

Conference Session

The Impact of Engineering Disciplines

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rose Marra, University of Missouri; Barbara Bogue, Pennsylvania State University

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

Mechanics and Women in engineering. Her research interests include STEM programming, career development and assessment. Page 13.501.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2008 Engineering Classroom Environments: Examining Differences by Gender and DepartmentsAbstractThis paper reports on one year of data from a study of classroom learning environments in threeengineering departments, which differ in size, discipline and pedagogical methodology, at a largeeastern university. This study uses a quasi-experimental design to confirm or deny what iscommonly cited in engineering education literature

Conference Session

Programs that Serve Industry & Academia

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brian Dickson, University of Strathclyde

Tagged Divisions

Continuing Professional Development

facilities•Evaluation of effluent treatment optionsCost Reduction•Refinery scheduling – development of dynamic model•Improved nitrogen generation facilities for purge gasHuman Resources•Skill pool management in an ageing workforceNew Product Development•Business case and preliminary design for a new pilot-plant facility•Critical review of the new product development systemProcess Development Page 13.513.13•Practical implementation of SPC 12•Technology Transfer – the role of Co-Development between research andmanufacturingand some Project deliverables have meaningful impacts

Conference Session

Research Infrastructure in STEM Disciplines

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jacqueline Fairley, Georgia Institute of Tehnology; Jill Auerbach, Georgia Institute of Technology; Adrianne Prysock, Georgia Institute of Technology; Leyla Conrad, Georgia Institute of Technology; Gary May, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

students by combining laboratory experiencewith weekly instructional seminars in an attempt to foster future success in graduateschool. This approach was designed and implemented for a ten-week summer researchexperience program for undergraduate students. The weekly instructional seminar seriesaddressed research skills in three key areas: communication, investigation, anddocumentation. The seminar series began with the “Communications Seminars,” where studentparticipants learned how to concisely explain their research topics through an ‘elevatortalk’ activity, a common exercise utilized in business fields. Followed by “InvestigationSeminars,” that addressed conducting literature reviews and creating annotatedbibliographies. Instructions on

Conference Session

Tricks of the Trade I

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Aly Tawfik, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Janis Terpenny, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Richard Goff, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

AC 2008-1766: SMALL INTERVENTIONS, BIG IMPACTS: HOWMODIFICATION OF DELIVERY PROCESS OF IN-CLASS ACTIVITIES FORFRESHMEN CAN DRAMATICALLY IMPROVE LEARNINGAly Tawfik, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Aly Tawfik is the VTSTA President and a Graduate Teaching Fellow in the College of Engineering at Virginia Tech. He is a doctoral student in the Charles E. Via, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering. His research is in the area of transportation systems. He is currently a workshop leader for freshmen courses at Virginia Tech.Janis Terpenny, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Janis Terpenny is an Associate Professor in Engineering Education and Mechanical

Conference Session

Engineering and Math Potpouri

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

S.K. Sen, Florida Institute of Technology; Gholam Ali Shaykhian, NASA

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

Directorate, NASA KSC. Shaykhian has worked at KSC since 1986. He joined NASA in April 2000. He is a professional member of the American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE) and senior member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronic (IEEE). He has a Ph.D. in Operations Research from Florida Institute of Technology (FIT), Melbourne, Florida. Ali teaches graduate courses at FIT, University College, Melbourne, Florida. Page 13.688.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2008 Impact of Computing Power on Computing ScenarioAbstract Computing scenario over centuries/millenniums has been

Conference Session

Assessing Design Coursework

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Plumley, US Coast Guard Academy; Vincent Wilczynski, U.S. Coast Guard Academy

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

AC 2008-2808: DESIGN PORTFOLIOS FOR OUTCOMES ASSESSMENT ANDPROGRAM VISIONMichael Plumley, US Coast Guard Academy LT Michael Plumley is on active duty in the U.S. Coast Guard and is a faculty member and 1998 graduate of the Mechanical Engineering program at the U.S. Coast Guard Academy where he has served as course coordinator for a variety of courses including Machine Design, Heat Transfer, and Modeling and Control of Dynamic Systems. He holds Masters of Science degrees in both Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and is a registered Professional Engineer in the State of Connecticut. His previous

Conference Session

Faculty Attitudes and Perceptions

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bugrahan Yalvac, Texas A&M University; Lisa Brooks, Texas A&M University; Christine Ehlig-Economides, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

Culture; 444 Harrington Tower; College Station, TX 77843; Telephone: (+1) 979.8621713; e-mail:yalvac@tamu.eduLisa Brooks, Texas A&M University Lisa Brooks is a graduate student of Science Education at Texas A&M University. She holds an M.Ag. degree in Entomology from Texas A&M University and a B.S. degree in Animal Science from Rutgers University. She specializes in research focusing on the design of learning environment that support transfer of learning to practical situations. Address: Texas A&M University; Teaching, Learning, and Culture; 343 Harrington Tower; College Station, TX 77843; Telephone: (+1) 979.696.5034;e-mail: lisaabrooks@tamu.eduChristine Ehlig-Economides

Conference Session

Improving Technical Understanding of All Americans

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mary Rose, Ball State University; Jim Flowers, Ball State University

Tagged Divisions

Technological Literacy Constituent Committee

skills in using tools andmachines [3]. However, Ball State University was ahead of this national initiative; preceding therelease of the STLs, technology faculty developed both undergraduate and graduate courses forpre-service and practicing teachers to address these content goals. For almost a decade,Technology: Use and Assessment, a graduate online course, has provided opportunities forpracticing technology educators from across the nation to develop skills in assessing andpredicting the possible impacts of technological decisions. The purpose of this paper is todescribe the content, pedagogical strategies, activities, and lessons-learned from 12implementations of the technology assessment portion of this course. The hope is that this

Collection

2008 ASEE Midwest Section Conference

Authors

Lawrence Whitman; Zulma Toro-Ramos; Dan Allison; Colin Davidson; Martha Shawver; Shelly Belles; Chris Wilkinson

global issues,cultural concerns, and even global constraints in design. In fact, Shuman, et al. [2]state that future engineering graduates need “to become highly innovative global‘problem solvers.’” Downey, et al. [3] present the required competencies for anengineer to be “globally competent.” Global learning may even impact thelifelong learning of graduates. As students become more aware of differences inclusters, even in engineering design, they realize their need to learn throughouttheir lives [4]. The definition of global learning is considered by some to be lessimportant than the implementation. According to Hedberg [5], there is a degree ofconsensus regarding the definition of global learning, but the problem is in regardto “how to attain

Conference Session

Emerging Issues in Engineering Education Research and Pedagogy

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Susan Walden, University of Oklahoma; Cindy Foor, University of Oklahoma; Deborah Trytten, University of Oklahoma

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

Page 13.1089.3individual’s opportunities for success. Though we faced other difficulties, the selection andacceptance of the ethnographic interview for our methodology was not a stumbling block for theengineers on the team.Grounding our interpretations in the data and not in pre-determined theoretical frameworkproved difficult for us and even more difficult for reviewers of submitted publications. Unlikewith the scientific method where an experiment is designed to confirm or refute a hypothesis,discourse analysis rarely begins from a defined theoretical framework. An accepted practice inethnographic based research is for interpretation of discourse to be grounded in the data not thetheoretical framework [28]. The danger of grounding

Conference Session

Sustainability in AEC and AEC Education

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Edmond Saliklis, California Polytechnic State University

Tagged Divisions

Architectural

slow start and a fast finish. The students will get the job done, but it could have been better with a more organized start. • Our students are uniformly weak at performing literature reviews. This can be improved Page 13.624.6 by a formal research methods course, but other suggestions will be offered in the following section.Suggestions for Best PracticesHaving mentored these projects the following suggestions for best practices are offered. • It is beneficial to have at least a loose coalition between projects. Student projects tend to immediately form into “silos.” The faculty mentor can facilitate “breaking

Conference Session

Innovations in ECE Education I

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Christopher Anderson, U.S. Naval Academy; Richard Buehrer, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

equipmentfailures.Although it is too early to assess the impact of the research experience on these students’ careers,the experience appears to have been a success. All four students reported a greater depth ofunderstanding of the concepts taught in electromagnetics and communications courses.Additionally, students gained valuable experience in developing and carrying out fieldexperiments—sometimes in less than ideal conditions—and as a result of this experience, somestudents expressed a desire to pursue a graduate degree. Designing this research project alsoprovided several valuable lessons to the instructors which will aid in the further development ofhands-on learning activities for electromagnetics and communications courses. Page

Conference Session

ERM Potpourri

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Howard Evans, National University; Shekar Viswanathan, National University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

that all faculty members hired in the future either have a basic background in research or participate in a required introduction to research and scholarship during their first six months of employment. 4. Develop a scholarship mentoring system for all new faculty members, so that new hires are paired with a successful researcher from their discipline. 5. Develop a basic research course for all graduate students from all disciplines so that all of them have a basic working knowledge of research principles. This step would enhance the ability of students to work with faculty on research projects. Topics in the course could include such things as basic statistics, research designs, qualitative and quantitative

Conference Session

CAD/CAM in Manufacturing Education

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Adrian Teo, Arizona State University; Scott Danielson, Arizona State University; Trian Georgeou, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

engineer.Trian Georgeou, Arizona State University Trian Georgeou graduated from Arizona State University (ASU) in 2003 with a Bachelor of Science in Manufacturing Engineering Technology. He worked in industry as a Mechanical Engineer while attending graduate school, earning his Master of Science in Technology, concentration of Mechanical Engineering Technology in 2006. While in graduate school, Trian also taught as an adjunct faculty member in Chandler Gilbert Community College’s Automated Manufacturing Systems program. Trian worked in the aftermarket automotive industry as an engineering and design consultant for two major companies. Currently, he is a Lecturer in the ASU Mechanical &

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Chetan Sankar, Auburn University; P K Raju, Auburn University

campus atManapakkam, Madras, is acknowledged as an “outstanding corporate campus” and is India’slargest construction organization. Seventeen Strategic Business Units (SBUs) drive ECC’sbusiness activities to formulate policies, perform marketing functions, and ensure projectexecution to international benchmarks of quality and speed. The design activities are centralizedin the Engineering Research and Design Center (ERDC) located at Madras, India. The EDRCoffers engineering, design, and consultancy services in civil, structural, mechanical, electrical,and instrumentation engineering for a variety of projects and industrial structures. With over 350experienced engineers, architects, and 100 draftsmen, EDRC is the largest and best

Conference Session

Design for Society and the Environment

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mohamed Samir Hefzy, The University of Toledo; Mehdi Pourazady, The University of Toledo; Abdollah Aliakbarkhan Afjeh, The University of Toledo

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

. Grading:Letter grades are assigned at the successful completion of the course objectives. Gradingconsists of two components: group (same grade for each group member) and individual (distinctgrade for each individual). Each group member will be required to submit an evaluation of allhis partners. This evaluation will be used in determining both peer and supervisor ratings.Senior Design Projects to Aid Individuals with Disabilities:One of the overall purposes of the National Science Foundation (NSF) Act of 1950 is to promoteand advance national health through its engineering programs. The NSF provided a mechanismin 1988, through the Bioengineering and Research to Aid the Disabled (BRAD) program of theEmerging Engineering Technologies Division and

Conference Session

Mechanics Education Programs and Projects

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cliff Lissenden, Pennsylvania State University; Nicholas Salamon, Pennsylvania State University; Andrew Miller, Pennsylvania State University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanics

nature are introduced.Because it applies scientific principles in an analytical framework to physical problems, thecourse provides the engineering fundamentals necessary to introduce a significant engineeringdesign experience. Our thesis is that the application of strength of materials principles throughproblem-based learning by using realistic design problems that are open-ended and requirestudents to synthesize a solution through a design project improves the preparation ofengineering and ET students for a lifelong career.The success of our thesis hinges upon development and application of an internet design tool toserve as a scaffold for teaching design in a traditionally analysis-laden course practical becauseno content has been removed from

Conference Session

SPECIAL SESSION: Describing the Engineering Student Learning Experience Based on CAEE Findings: Part 1

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andrew Morozov, University of Washington; Deborah Kilgore, University of Washington; Ken Yasuhara, University of Washington; Cynthia Atman, University of Washington

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

AC 2008-768: SAME COURSES, DIFFERENT OUTCOMES? VARIATIONS INCONFIDENCE, EXPERIENCE, AND PREPARATION IN ENGINEERING DESIGNAndrew Morozov, University of Washington ANDREW MOROZOV is a graduate student in Educational Psychology, College of Education, University of Washington. Andrew is working on research projects within the Center for Engineering Learning and Teaching (CELT) and the Center for the Advancement of Engineering Education (CAEE).Deborah Kilgore, University of Washington DEBORAH KILGORE is a Research Scientist in the Center for Engineering Learning and Teaching (CELT) and the Center for the Advancement of Engineering Education (CAEE), University of Washington. Her areas of specific