Conference Session

Architectural Design Topics in Architectural Engineering

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lisa A. VanZee, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Architectural

that alllighting calculation tools use two metrics to quantify light: illuminance, the amount of luminousflux per unit area, measured in lux or footcandles; and luminance, the intensity of light reflectedfrom a surface, measured in candelas 10. Most projects that are determining lighting needs useilluminance as a measurement, as it provides the amount of light that reaches a horizontal workplane. Measuring the amount of light from an electric or artificial source can often bestraightforward, as lighting calculation tools often quantify light at a specific given time.However, daylight provides many more challenges, as the quality and quantity of light canchange based upon the time of day, season, location, and weather. Lighting calculation

Conference Session

Topics Related to Civil Engineering Curriculum

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephen P. Mattingly, University of Texas, Arlington; Yvette Pearson Weatherton, University of Texas, Arlington; Andrew P. Kruzic P.E., University of Texas, Arlington; Heather L. Frost; Ziaur Rahman, The University of Texas at Arlington

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

Paper ID #8529Critical Thinking in the Curriculum: Making Better DecisionsProf. Stephen Mattingly, University of Texas, Arlington STEPHEN MATTINGLY is an Associate Professor in Civil Engineering at the University of Texas at Ar- lington. Previously, he worked at the Institute of Transportation Studies, University of California, Irvine and University of Alaska, Fairbanks. He has recently completed and is currently working on research projects that address a variety of topics including transportation public health performance measures, de- cision and risk analysis, airport operations, managed lane traveler behavior, high

Conference Session

Socio-cultural Elements of Learning through Service

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bowa George Tucker, University of Massachusetts, Lowell; David O. Kazmer, University of Massachusetts, Lowell; Chris Swan, Tufts University; Angela R. Bielefeldt, University of Colorado, Boulder; Kurt Paterson P.E., James Madison University; Olga Pierrakos, James Madison University; Greg Rulifson P.E., University of Colorado, Boulder; Linda Barrington, University of Massachusetts, Lowell

Tagged Divisions

Community Engagement Division

Engineering department at Tufts University. He has additional appointments in the Department of Education, Jonathan M. Tisch College of Citizen- ship and Public Service and Center for Engineering Education and Outreach at Tufts. He has been an active member of the American Society for Engineering Education, having served at various officer posts for the Environmental Engineering Division (2003-7) and the Community Engagement Division (2011 – present). His current research interests in engineering education focus on project-based learning and service-based pedagogies. He also does research on the impact of temperature (heating and/or freezing) on engineering properties of soils and on the development of reuse strategies for

Conference Session

Innovations in Pedagogy

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Catherine Langman, Illinois Institute of Technology; Eric M. Brey, Illinois Institute of Technology; Judith S. Zawojewski, Illinois Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

Paper ID #9864Tiered Mentorship Experiences in Biomedical Engineering Programs: A CaseStudy of Collaborations between Undergraduates and High School StudentsMs. Catherine Langman, Illinois Institute of Technology Catherine Langman is a graduate student in applied mathematics at the Illinois Institute of Technology. She is currently a research assistant on a tissue engineering project. She holds a B.S. in applied mathe- matics from the Illinois Institute of Technology and is a certified secondary mathematics teacher in the State of Illinois. She enjoys working with middle and high school students.Prof. Eric M Brey

Conference Session

Software Engineering Constituent Committee Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Vignesh Subbian, University of Cincinnati; Carla C. Purdy, University of Cincinnati

Tagged Divisions

Software Engineering Constituent Committee

this technique, including the Student LearningOutcomes (SLOs). It is a set of carefully designed questions divided into three sections:Retrospection, Examination, and Reflection. Before the session, students retrospect their past co-op/internship assignments, recollect details that are related to the session theme, and document some fine points based on the questions in the rubric. During the session, students share their retrospective thoughts and learn from fellow students’ cooperative education experiences. They also examine practices that were realized in various course projects and assignments and analyze the differences and similarities between their experiences in industry and their learning experience from the

Conference Session

STEM and ECE

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kundan Nepal, University of St. Thomas; Andrew Tubesing, University of St. Thomas

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

includes the following topics: electronics, machine design,manufacturing engineering, computer programming, thermodynamics, statics, fluids andmechanics of materials. The class includes hands-on activities, links to academic standards(including Next Generation Science Standards) and discussion of the current/historicalimportance of the topics.Core 2: Engineering Design: The focus of this class is on the engineering design process for P-12 educators. Design projects, hands-on computer labs, lectures and field trips will introducestudents to how the engineering design process is applied in a variety of fields. Students willlearn how to create engineering drawings, apply an engineering design process, use computer-aided-design (CAD) technology, and

Conference Session

Thermodynamics, Fluids and Heat Transfer II

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Thomas Shepard, University of St. Thomas

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

professional teacher. Due to the abstract and mathematical nature of fluidmechanics it was imperative that the information delivered by the team be accurate and that itseem credible.The activity had participation from 70 students in three sections of an introductory fluidmechanics course. Small teams of students were assigned to lead a class-wide review of achapter prior to an exam. Student performance on the exams was analyzed to determine how theact of leading a review affected a student’s score on questions covering material from differentchapters. Details of the peer-led review assignment, student feedback from the experience,lessons learned and project results are discussed.Peer-Led Review ActivityStudents were made aware of this assignment on

Conference Session

The Interdisciplinary Nature of Engineering

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Xiaofeng Tang, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society, Multidisciplinary Engineering

research includes in-depth case studies of three programs that seek to educateengineers as liberal learners: the engineering program at Harvey Mudd College (“HMC” Page 24.1374.2hereafter), a liberal arts college for engineers, scientists, and mathematicians; the PickerEngineering Program (“Picker” hereafter) at Smith College, the only ABET accreditedengineering program in a women’s liberal arts college; and the program of Design, Innovation,and Society (“DIS” hereafter) at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, a program that blendsengineering, arts, and critical social studies in design learning.Data for the dissertation research project was collected

Conference Session

Green and Sustainable Manufacturing Education

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ismail Fidan, Tennessee Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

. Page 24.780.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2014 Integrating the Energy Efficiency and Assessment Components into ManufacturingAbstractThis paper reports the current developments and implementations on energy efficiency andassessment studies in an engineering technology program. The developments are basically in twocategories: 1) Web-based teaching modules of Renewable Energy Education have beendeveloped through a funded research project. Instructional Materials, Laboratory Practices andAssessment Exercises have been posted to iLearn (which a Desire2Learn system) and Canvas(which is an Instructure system). Developed materials have been tested by

Conference Session

ECE Program Development

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brandon M. Grainger, University of Pittsburgh; Gregory F. Reed, University of Pittsburgh

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

Society of Engineering Education. Dr. Reed earned his Ph.D, in electric power engineering from the University of Pittsburgh (1997), M.Eng. from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (1986), and B.S. from Gannon University (1985). Page 24.901.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2014 Methods and Approaches for Developing the Future Leaders of the Electric Power and Energy IndustriesAbstractStrong growth in the global demand for electric power is projected for the next half-century andbeyond, providing tremendous opportunities for companies that are leaders in the

Conference Session

Raise the Bar – Visions for the Future, Bodies of Knowledge, and Accreditation Vicissitudes.

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stuart G. Walesh P.E., S. G. Walesh Consulting

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

(PEHE), and the Legislative and Government Affairs Committee in spring 2012; and  Confirm the value of preparing an EBOK and schedule its preparation for, at minimum, a two-year 2012-2013 process.As indicated by the previously discussed reasons to develop the EBOK, and by thespecific charge, the EBOK project was, from the outset, to be about the future, not thepresent. This aspirational initiative is about tomorrow’s engineering practitioners, notnecessarily about today’s. The EBOK is future-oriented in that, while current engineeringpractice may require many of the EBOK capabilities and some engineers exhibit thosecapabilities, many more engineers will need to acquire more capabilities or be more adeptat those they already

Conference Session

Software Engineering Constituent Committee Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tanmay Bhowmik, Mississippi State University; Nan Niu, Mississippi State University; Donna Reese, Mississippi State University

Tagged Divisions

Software Engineering Constituent Committee

graduates joining large softwaredevelopment organizations generally spend their first several months of employment perform-ing corrective and perfective maintenance tasks. Finding the right piece of source code rel-evant to the change request in an unfamiliar software project is among the initial challengesfaced by such new developers. Thus, it is crucial for the Software Engineering educationalprogram to equip the students with core skills to effectively and efficiently locate a concern inthe code base and relate the code to other Software Engineering artifacts.The field of tracking a concern throughout the development life cycle is known as softwaretraceability. This line of research has its root in Gotel and Finkelstein’s seminal work10 on re

Conference Session

Aerospace Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Matthew Nelson, Iowa State University

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

projects and includes projects from underwater to space and everything in between. One of those projects is our high altitude balloon program which I have been working with the students with for for the last 8 years. We have been using high altitude Balloons as a low cost vehicle for our students to learn more about science and engineering and to give them real world problems to solve. In addition to my duties at Iowa State University I also serve as the President of the Stratospheric Bal- looning Association. This organization aims to promote, educate and encourage collaboration for high altitude balloon projects

Conference Session

Design in Engineering Education Division Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Warren F. Smith, UNSW, Canberra, Australia; Zahed Siddique, University of Oklahoma; Farrokh Mistree, University of Oklahoma

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

Paper ID #9046The Development of Competencies in a Design Course from a Student Per-spectiveDr. Warren F Smith, UNSW, Canberra, Australia Warren Smith is a Senior Lecturer in the School of Engineering and Information Technology, University of NSW, Canberra at the Australian Defence Force Academy. He joined the University in 1998 after spending 20 years as a practicing Naval Architect with the Australian Department of Defence. He is also an Affiliate Research Scholar at the University of Oklahoma. He is passionate about project-based authentic and immersive learning in engineering design education, believing design is

Collection

2014 ERC

Authors

Pramod Khargonekar

extend to activities directed toward the broader impacts of the project as well.”• “… such efforts might be more effective if coordinated appropriately in ways that leverage particular institutional assets or strategic directions and even link investigators from multiple projects.”• NSF should encourage institutions to pursue such cooperative possibilities, which have the dual benefit of retaining the contributions of individual investigators while addressing national goals and yielding benefits broader than those within a given project.• How can engineering colleges and departments respond to this opportunity? March 20, 2014 21 The Directorate for

Conference Session

NSF Grantees’ Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tzu-Liang Bill Tseng, University of Texas, El Paso; Richard Chiou, Drexel University (Eng. & Eng. Tech.); Radian G. Belu, Drexel University (Tech.)

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

journals such as IEEE Transactions, IIE Transaction, Journal of Manufacturing Systems and others. He has been serving as a principle investigator of many research projects, funded by NSF, NASA, DoEd, and KSEF. He is currently serving as an editor of Journal of Computer Standards & Interfaces.Dr. Richard Chiou, Drexel University (Eng.)Dr. Radian G Belu, Drexel University (Tech.) Dr. Radian Belu is Assistant Professor within the Engineering Technology (ET) program - Drexel Uni- versity, Philadelphia, USA. He is holding a PHD in power engineering and the other in physics. Before joining to the Drexel University Dr. Belu hold faculty and research positions at universities and re- search institutes in Romania, Canada and

Conference Session

Issues in ET Education I

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Enrique Barbieri, University of North Texas

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

the past decade recruiting andretention pressures have led engineering departments to increase the use of applications, project-based and hands-on terminologies in their program descriptions to the point that many arestarting to sound a lot like ET plans. Moreover, engineering and ET faculty will acknowledgethat their programs are applied. Although some may wish to argue that ET is the more applieddegree, this line of thought has yet to attract a strong following or produce a concrete action planfor an Applied Engineering brand for ET. Nevertheless, a quick internet search for AppliedEngineering Departments (February 2014) yielded the list of institutions in Table 1 that haveprograms or departments with an Applied Engineering or Applied ET

Conference Session

NSF Grantees’ Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Margot A. Vigeant, Bucknell University; Michael J. Prince, Bucknell University; Katharyn E. K. Nottis, Bucknell University; Milo Koretsky, Oregon State University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

science and engineering educa- tion. She has been involved in collaborative research projects focused on conceptual learning in chemistry, chemical engineering, seismology, and astronomy.Dr. Milo Koretsky, Oregon State University Milo Koretsky is a Professor of Chemical Engineering at Oregon State University. He received his B.S. and M.S. degrees from UC San Diego and his Ph.D. from UC Berkeley, all in Chemical Engineering. He currently has research activity in areas related engineering education and is interested in integrating technology into effective educational practices and in promoting the use of higher-level cognitive skills in engineering problem solving. His research interests particularly focus on what

Conference Session

K-12 and Pre-College Engineering Division Curriculum Exchange

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andrew Tubesing, University of St. Thomas

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

and a MS in Electrical Engineering from New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology. Page 24.857.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2014 LEDs & Lamps – A Friendly & Affordable Gateway to Electrical Exploration ASEE 2014 Conference - K-12 Division - Curriculum Exchange Andrew Tubesing, University of St ThomasAbstractLight emitting diodes (LEDs) and incandescent lamps can be used to explore electrical topics, substitutefor otherwise expensive equipment, facilitate creative engineering design projects, and

Conference Session

FPD 10: Teamwork

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David W. Gatchell PhD, Northwestern University; Bruce Ankenman, Northwestern University; Penny L. Hirsch, Northwestern University; Adam Goodman; Koshonna Brown, Northwestern University Center for Leadership

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

which all engineering freshmen work on real design projects for real clients.Prof. Adam GoodmanMs. Koshonna Brown, Northwestern University Center for Leadership Koshonna Brown is a Life Science doctoral student at Northwestern University. As a fellow with North- western University’s Center for Leadership, she analyzes the date collected through the Center’s online assessment tools. Such assessments allow students and faculty to reflect and develop their own leadership and apply lessons and insights gained to current leadership challenges and positions. Page 24.1048.1 c American

Conference Session

Aerospace Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Terry Allen Michmerhuizen, College of Aviation, Western Michigan University

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

“Airworthy” is that the item “conforms to approved type design, and is incondition for safe operation.” (3) The first part of that definition is objective, and the second partis subjective. Since aviation maintenance is primarily based upon following proceduresestablished by the manufacturer of the product, most laboratory projects tend to be objective innature. The student either accomplishes the task in accordance with the maintenance instructionsprovided by the manufacturer or not. Although this effort is partially based upon the FAAspecified levels of proficiency, projects should also include grey areas where the student mustinspect and analyze a condition, and determine whether or not the product can be “Returned toService” with no additional

Conference Session

Industrial Engineering Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Paul C. Lynch, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Joseph Wilck IV, East Carolina University; Cynthia Bober, Penn State University ; Jennifer Louise Mines, The Pennsylvania State University

Tagged Divisions

Industrial Engineering

industrial and systems engineering. Relevant tothis paper, these studies have been completed on implementing lean and six sigma methods into Page 24.78.4a senior design capstone project course24, and the usefulness of industry design projects forgraduate students25 and senior undergraduate students26.Taking into account the results of this current study1,2 on motivation and satisfaction and alsotaking into account the prior work cited from the literature, changes were implemented to boththe curriculum and the manner in which the engineering economy course was delivered.Incorporating senior level students with work experience and student group

Conference Session

International Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hamid R. Parsaei PE, Texas A&M University at Qatar; Nimir Elbashir, Texas A&M University at Qatar

Tagged Divisions

International

qualifiedstudents to the University’s undergraduate engineering programs; (3) providngi professionaldevelopment for teachers of math, science and technology to enhance their teachingeffectiveness; (4) refining the University’s engineering curricula to ensure they meet Qatar’sevolving needs and to advance students’ knowledge in fields of common interest to industryin Qatar, the region and the world; (5) bolstering teaching, research and outreach in energy,the environment, sustainable technologies, ethics, project management and other such topics;(6) encouraging undergraduate students to participate in research in energy, petroleum,communications and other fields relevant to the Qatar National Research Strategy; (7)encourage undergraduate students to

Conference Session

Renewable Energy Topics

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William B. Phillips Ph.D., DeVry University; William S. Sullivan, DeVry University, Long Beach; Robert Aron PhD, DeVry University; Abour H. Cherif, DeVry University; Susana Fortun Ph.D., DeVry University, Chicago

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

. Phillips was a faculty member and Chair for DVU’s Biomedical Engineering Technology Program where he mentored senior projects, and taught biomedical, electronics, and basic science courses. In addition, he developed curriculum and courses in these subject matters. Before joining DVU, Dr. Phillips was a Faculty Associate at Arizona State Uni- versity (ASU) for the Bioengineering Department, where he taught and assisted in the development of biomedical engineering courses and mentored student capstone projects. He holds a PhD and Master’s degree in Bioengineering from Arizona State University and a Bachelor’s degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Illinois. Before entering into a career of higher learning

Conference Session

Engineering Physics & Physics Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Harold T. Evensen, University of Wisconsin, Platteville

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Physics & Physics

;proximity sensors; LVDTs; MEMS accelerometer & gyroscopes; rotary encoders, to name afew). Depending on the sensor, tasks may include interfacing to digital or analog outputs;creating a program in VB6 that utilizes the DAQ’s inputs & outputs; and determining thecharacteristics of the sensor. Finally, the last two to three weeks are given over to an open-endedfinal project in which students are to “use a sensor to solve a ‘problem’ for a customer.” Figure1 shows some of the stations in the laboratory used by this course. Several of these stationsimplement VB6 to control the apparatus and to acquire data from benchtop instruments. Figure 1. The Engineering Physics Sensor Lab.Exiting seniors and EP alumni

Conference Session

WIED: Curricular Undergraduate Student Programs

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jaby Mohammed, Petroleum Institute; Nausheen PashaZaidi, The Petroleum Institute

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

undergraduate engineering design course atthe Petroleum Institute (PI). Random assignment was used to create groups in bothclasses at the beginning of the semester. As the course emphasizes teamwork, at least50% of the projects are given team grades. After the first team presentation, theexperimental group was given the choice to change team members. The control groupwas not given this option. The study followed the student teams in both classes to explorethe kinds of team building and conflict resolution strategies that were utilized by theteams. The two groups were compared at the end of the semester to determine ifproviding choice in the team selection process affected students’ satisfaction with theirteam as well as their perceptions of team

Conference Session

Improving Introductory Experiences in Chemical Engineering

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gladis Chávez-Torrejón, Universidad de las Americas Puebla; Silvia Husted, Universidad de las Americas Puebla; Nelly Ramirez-Corona, Universidad de las Americas Puebla; Aurelio Lopez-Malo, Universidad de las Americas Puebla; Enrique Palou, Universidad de las Americas Puebla

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

paper describes how a second semester cornerstone course is fostering the development ofcritical thinking in Chemical, Food, and Environmental Engineering students at Universidad delas Américas Puebla (Mexico) by developing students’ self-directed, self-disciplined, self-monitored, and self-corrective thinking. Course two major projects were presented to experts inthe field that assessed students’ critical thinking by means of a specialized rubric3. Instructor,peer-, and self-assessments were also performed throughout the course on several assignments(formative) as well as on two major projects (summative). Possible performance levels werefrom exemplary (value 4, skilled, marked by excellence in clarity, accuracy, precision, relevance,depth

Conference Session

Design in Engineering Education Division Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nausheen Pasha-Zaidi, The Petroleum Institute; Jaby Mohammed, The Petroleum Institute

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

practice and project management. The General Studies department at thePI offers a sequence of two design courses known as STEPS (Strategies for Team-basedEngineering Problem Solving) which stress team learning and skills development. InSTEPS courses students integrate their knowledge of science, mathematics andcommunications within a framework that emphasizes teamwork and project managementtools to build a working prototype of a useful machine.Communication and Teamwork in the UAEStudent demographics at the PI reflect an Arab majority with Emirati students playing akey role. Arab communities display some common features which may differentiate themfrom their Western counterparts. This includes an emphasis on collectivism, honor, andsocial status

Conference Session

Ocean and Marine Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jonathan Edward Paquette, US Coast Guard; Thomas Robert Cogley; Tooran Emami Ph. D., U.S. Coast Guard Academy; Aaron Peder Dahlen, USCG; Richard J. Hartnett P.E., U.S. Coast Guard Academy

Tagged Divisions

Ocean and Marine

capstone project in ElectricalEngineering at the U.S. Coast Guard Academy. In this project three students are asked to applylessons learned through three previous years’ academic experience to an autonomous floatingvessel, for the purposes of modeling and real-time heading control. Consistent with the maritimefocus of the U. S. Coast Guard, students construct a four by eight foot barge propelled by sixcommercial Minn Kota trolling motors, in order to study real time heading control algorithmssuch as those which might be encountered on typical Mobile Offshore Drilling Units (MODU’s).Controlling a smaller scale model platform provides students an opportunity to perform systemidentification and control, and allow students opportunities to expand

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Education Session 3

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nathalie Duval-Couetil, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Elizabeth C. Kisenwether, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Joe Tranquillo, Bucknell University; Jacob Dean Wheadon, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

.). Assessments as part of the project were being piloted when the paper waspublished.An Invention and Innovation Course for Engineering Students – University of Colorado atBoulder Page 24.265.10Sullivan, Carlson & Carlson (2001) discussed an engineering course at the University ofColorado at Boulder which was described as being a team-based product design anddevelopment course designed to teach students the processes of invention and productinnovation. It is an elective course targeted at more “mature” students, many of whom eithertransferred into engineering later in their academic careers or who delayed taking a first yearinterdisciplinary