six kinds of validation that must be considered in boththe making and handling of qualitative data. Table 1 defines these dimensions in greater detail. Table 1: An overview of the Q3 framework for qualitative research quality Form of Key Concern in Making Data Key Concerns in Handling Data Validation Theoretical Does the research process Do researchers’ interpretations fully Validation wholly capture everything the reflect the coherence and complexity researchers want to learn about of the social reality under the social reality under investigation? investigation? Procedural Do the research procedures
, materials utilized, and the contextual environmentsin which everyday ingenuity manifests. Figures 1 to 3 display the participants' words about theeveryday ingenuity examples sourced from the online blog by Marjoram & King [31]categorized into Furniture, Outdoors, Indoors, and Transport.Figure 1 Shower Curtain RailFigure 2 Chair RepairFigure 3 Bicycle Wagon BedThe collection of the blog photos served as a catalyst for participants to recognize and reflect onthe prevalence of everyday ingenuity in their own lives and cultural contexts. It prompteddiscussions among participants and facilitators about their parents' involvement in everydayingenuity and the reuse of items in their childhood households. This exercise helped participantsto recall
use to identify the level offocussed topics versus diverse topics. These will be used as a proxy for assessing regionalrelevance and urgency. Testimonials from four educators who have used toolkit resources ineducational contexts have also been collected to evaluate the efficacy of the toolkitqualitatively. These user cases reflect both novice users introducing ethics and experiencededucators’ use of the toolkit, which comprises of guidance articles and resources to buildknowledge and structure for curriculum delivery. This initial phase of the impact assessmentof the engineering ethics toolkit has shown that it also helps to support educators to achievethe directive from professional bodies to imbue ethics into engineering degrees. Further
]. Withintersectional challenges, it is essential to rethink how science, technology, engineering, andmath (STEM) education connects with the community and how the community is integrated intothe classroom. Traditional pedagogical methods for STEM education focus on developingstudents’ science knowledge and technical skills, reflecting the historical foundations of STEMand STEM education in the United States [4].Published in 2005 [5] was a U.S. congressional-requested report that raised employerconsciousness on the call to educate scientists, engineers, and mathematicians to maintain thenation’s global position as a leader in research and technological innovation. Even now, federalSTEM education initiatives state that their primary goal is to develop the STEM
competence and foster a positive learning experience [6]. High-confidencestudents typically demonstrate a strong belief in their abilities and may seek out challenges orleadership roles. However, excessive confidence without corresponding competence can leadto overestimation of skills and performance [7]. The Zone of Proximal Developmentsuggested that learning occurs most effectively within the “zone” where tasks are challengingyet achievable with appropriate support. Educators can support high-confidence students byproviding opportunities for intellectual challenge and promoting metacognitive skills, such asself-reflection and self-regulation. Encouraging collaboration and peer feedback can also helphigh-confidence students develop a more accurate
Validate functions Troubleshoot1, 3, 5, 6 Analyze solutions Implement Revise/Iterate ●Iterate toward most viable Evaluate hi-fi prototype ●Evaluate quality of design 2, 4, 7 Analyze solutions Reflect on solution with team Assess policy and Process members regulatory issues ●Evaluate user experience Evaluate After developing the framework, we sought
utility of grades. Onecommon understanding is that grades should reflect students’ achievement or mastery of courselearning objectives. Traditional points-based approaches to grading are common in college-levelcourses, but these approaches unfortunately emphasize the extrinsic motivational factor ofaccumulating points rather than the intrinsic motivation of mastering the course learningobjectives [1, 2]. Furthermore, the variation in scores given in points-based grading by differentinstructors and teaching assistants may require curving or adjusting grades in a way that is notconsistent between courses or sections. This may lead to uncertainty in grades and studentanxiety. Students may also be disincentivized to collaborate with one another if
students throughthe use of the EDP provides evidence of its viability as a framework for learning science. MethodologyIntroductionThis section presents the methods and procedures to answer the question, “How well can theengineering design process facilitate learning of science by middle school students?”. This is acase study of two teams from a middle school classroom that use the engineering design processas a framework for learning scientific principles. The students’ goals are to plan, design, andevaluate a decision tree process to recover, sort, and identify minerals from a lake following atrain derailment spilling the cargo of minerals. Students’ solutions reflect the increase of theirteam’s
datums, manufacturingvariation, and geometric tolerances and their boundaries.The second laboratory unit focuses on applying geometric tolerances in order to reflect designintent. Students are given a design scenario that includes: 1) an engineering drawing with basicdimensions, 2) a description of the process where the design is used, and 3) a list of acceptablevariational requirements that the design must meet. Students then use the process description andthe variational requirements to derive tolerances for the drawing, and complete a follow upworksheet to explain which requirements drive the tolerance scheme. Through this exercisestudents learn how to reflect design intent in an engineering drawing through the use ofgeometric tolerances
Page 22.1282.2scaffolding for learning, while students exercise autonomy by directing these open-endedprojects themselves. Over the course of the projects, students create one or more significantphysical deliverables to reflect their work. 2-9Central to an authentic PjBL experience are the constructs of student autonomy and self-directedlearning (SDL). These PjBL aspects are meant to encourage students’ initiative as well asresponsibility for and ownership of their own learning. Hence, SDL allows students to serve asagents of their own learning. Students are given a high level of choice in learning activities toencourage connections to their personal goals as well as intrinsic and attainment values.10 Incases where student choice is not
Coyne9employed mathematical models to support bioengineering students engaged in physiology tobetter understand issues of ergonomics and body movement. Models are also created as complexvisualizations used to analyze specific properties and behaviors of materials. Adhikari10 created avirtual modeling environment to analyze specific asphalt properties using 2D and 3D discreet Page 22.1075.2elemental modeling process. These examples reflect sophisticated modeling techniques that areappropriate in pre-engineering and college engineering courses. In several of these examplesstudents are engaged in multiple drawing iterations prior to physically or virtually
discussed. Explicitly, educators will emphasize regional requirements. With an emphasis on engineering technology, reflection of the current state of performance and regional goals, in this case Indiana, illustrates why an evolving academic curriculum is in order. To compete in a global environment, as part of a large economic region, Indiana falls short. A key to continued competitiveness is a workforce educated and trained for the 21st century. Currently, for an adult population holding a bachelor’s degree, the Hoosier state ranks 41st among all states (tied with TN)6. Furthermore, the aging demographic threatens Indiana’s position as a business friendly environment and may open a gap between the skills a workforce possesses and
extemporaneous narratives lastingas long as 15 to 20 minutes. A few insights could be gleaned from this initial exercise.First, the diversity in terms of intellectual cultures was clearly reflected in the stylisticapproaches to the assignment. As a result of this diversity, it became obvious that freereign would have to be given to the group, and the organizers could not exercise toomuch control over the timing and flow of discussion. Also, it was clear that such anexercise broke the ice among participants and allowed people to relate to one another.An overall sign of the extent of camaraderie that evolved early on was the fact that by theend of the day, people were referring to the entire collectivity and project using thepronoun “we,” instead of using
elaborated on topics whereappropriate, to include informal questioning concerning issues that were deemed important, butnot reported in the group share activity. The activity culminated with students reflecting on theirlearning experience with descriptive notes and drawings in their engineering notebooks.1. Many, Many Microbes. This activity began with facilitators distributing two photographs ofmicrobes to each team of four students and rotating the sets of pictures to another group until allteams have seen all sets of photos. Through a whole group discussion, students brainstormedtopics such as living vs. non-living, characteristics of microbes, where they live, what they eat
practitioner, measuring is a continuous activity that is frequentlyaccessed. Both models depend on objective metrics which accurately reflect the state ofthe defined process at any time. For this particular class, several sets of metrics areavailable readily, only some of which are useful for CPI. Course enrollment and student grades at course completion are inherent in theconduct of the class. If Dynamics were an elective class, enrollment might indicatechanges in course or instructor popularity. However, because Dynamics is required forall mechanical and civil engineering majors, enrollment should reflect the health of theengineering programs in general. Course grades are based on calculation-style questionsthat require the ability to model a
Page 15.645.2in popularity and was tied into the ASCE Student Chapter’s end of the year celebration, wherethe students brewed the beer and named each variety to reflect a part of their civil engineeringeducation experience. After service at other locations (where how to brew sessions were alsoconducted), the author returned to teaching at West Point and the homebrewing sessions werestarted again midway through the 2004 academic year. Each year since that time, they havegrown and become what the students refer to as “Homebrewing 101” (HB101). Along the waythis very extracurricular program became more formalized and more an expected part of theASCE Student Chapter’s activities. It became the sole, and expected, supplier of the beer for theend of
objective of this Engineering 112 project is to introduce students to anindividualized design process. A secondary, but nonetheless important, objective is to introducestudents to sustainability in four contexts (environmental, social, economic, and technical).Since students had no experience with the design process (but had been introduced to problemsolving processes earlier in the semester), our approach was fairly strict: Each student had tofollow the prescribed cognitive approach to developing a design, which included structuredproblem solving, visualization, drawing, and reflection to build a product that would solve aproblem with his or her dormitory room. We asked students to examine their rooms looking for“design flaws” or problems they had
unique to each of thesister disciplines on the same campus. We also consider relationships between curricularcontent and the identified body of knowledge as reflected in this set of curricular exemplars. Page 15.1071.2IntroductionThe education of highly qualified software engineers who function effectively in multiple sectorsof our society and our economy is critical to the future of modern society. Evidence of this isfound in multiple sources. US News and World Report reported on December 28, 2009 thatsoftware engineering is among the top 10 careers identified for 2010.1 As is noted in that article,“There is an “app” for everything these days
Pennsylvania, an area of very slowexpansion. They also help to distance certain communities from the pursuit of more desirable,engineering occupations. We ask how this optimism regarding a new industrial realm comes tobe among educators and policy makers, and what ideologies regarding work, skill andopportunity in technology based industries it may reflect and promote.IntroductionThis paper examines the role of cultural ideologies in technical workforce development. We lookspecifically at rationales offered by planners, educators and employers for training programsintended to equip American workers for new industrial employment opportunities. This training,in secondary and post-secondary schools, has been part of the nation's economic developmentsince
, includes not only the analytic element but also development of recommendations forthe solution of the problem at hand. Moreover, they argue that systems engineering includespolicy analysis in addition to technical or analytical aspects, reflecting the fact that complexsystems inevitably involve trade-offs that involve underlying values articulated through writtenor unwritten policy.6The essence of this brief background is that systems engineering is not a set of tools, amethodology, a checklist, a technology, or a process, yet systems engineering often requiresanalytical tools, methods, checklists, technology, and processes. Rather, it is a way of thinking –systems thinking – that reflects an understanding and appreciation of goals (value
ideasmight contribute to improved motivation, one must still acknowledge that there are other largerreasons for the continuing decline of STEM education in the USA.Having taught university-level undergraduate and graduate courses in a wide variety of STEMtopics for over 30 years, this author has observed an equally disturbing decline in the relativeperformance of U.S. students in relation to students from other countries. This observation isoften reflected in the consistent and continued „dumbing down‟ of course concepts,acknowledged by many academics who have taught in STEM disciplines for any length of time.In view of this continued decline of competency among U.S. university graduates, it is notsurprising that more and more companies are looking
grateful for support provided by the National Science Foundation’s Course, Curriculum and Laboratory Improvement Program, under Phase 2 grant DUE-0717905. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. Page 22.139.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2011 Adaption of a Virtual Laboratory Curriculum: A Preliminary Study of Implementation at Other InstitutionsAbstractThis paper describes the adaption and implementation of
proficiency in the engineering designprocess, however, portfolio assessment offers a promising alternative.While there is no single definition of an assessment portfolio, among features that manyportfolio-based programs, both past and ongoing, have in common is their understanding that aportfolio is “a purposeful collection of student work that exhibits to the students (and/or others)the student’s efforts, progress, or achievement in given area(s). The collection must includestudent participation in selection of portfolio content; the criteria for selection; the criteria forjudging merit; and evidence of student self-reflection.” 28 Archbald and Newmann 29, andPaulson, Paulson, and Meyer 30 were among the first proponents of the idea that students
illuminated the forms of their own activity, by identifying and exposing its limitations, and provided a way of posing further questions about practice. They had already asked themselves: “What ends am I pursuing, as a family member, in the work place, as member of this or that organization?” Aristotle gave them the resources for asking “But what is it all for? What is my end qua human being?” And Aristotle’s reflections on the human qualities needed to achieve worthwhile ends, on the virtues, coincided with and deepened their own reflections. [...] The only other thinker to whom such workers responded in a similar way was Marx. He too had asked their questions.” 9Aristotle (384-322 BC) was a student of
in developing and implementing the hands-on learning activities into the first-year yearprogram. Riggins had participated in these activities as a freshman at Virginia Tech.This paper summarizes: (i) workshop content, (ii) feedback from workshop participants, and (iii)reflections of two American students (one PhD student and another undergraduate student) whotravelled to India for the first time.Workshop Schedule and ActivitiesThe activities presented at the workshop have been developed and implemented at VirginiaTech’s freshman engineering program and are supported by two NSF projects. These activitieshave been reported in various conference and journal publications. A brief description of theNSF projects along with the activities follow.A
AC 2010-2142: DESIGN OF AN INSTRUMENT TO ASSESS UNDERSTANDING OFENGINEERING DESIGNKristen Facciol, University of TorontoLisa Romkey, University of TorontoJason Foster, University of Toronto Page 15.360.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2010 Design of an Instrument to Assess Understanding of Engineering Design Division of Engineering Science, University of TorontoAbstractEngineering design education is an important element of any undergraduate engineeringcurriculum. It is also an element undergoing constant evolution, reflecting the rapidly evolvingneeds of engineering industry and academia
do not threaten engineersor their family members with death as Hammurabi did, we still do hold the profession to highstandards and expect the civil engineer’s work to be correct. Work that firms produce is checkedin-house and certified, “stamped,” by responsible licensed engineers, signifying that it has beenreviewed and is correct, i.e. safe and able to perform its intended objective, before it leaves thefirm. It follows that our engineering students need to be trained and initiated in this standard ifwe expect them to adhere to it as practicing members of the profession after they graduate.“University courses are the preparatory stage to a profession and should therefore encouragelearning that reflects the way in which professionals
college for the advancement of science after the manner of the “Solomon’s House” which Bacon had outlined in the New Atlantis, and the funds necessary for the institution of this college, seemed likely to be provided by Parliament.” 3But, as Boyd reflects: “the rapid approach of civil war put an end to these fine plans and it was not till theRestoration that they received a very different fulfillment in the creation of the Royal Society (1662).”And, it was not until much later in the 19th century, as Boyd notes, that the founding of the Humboldt-University in Berlin (1810) gave rise to the early origins of university discovery-oriented scientificresearch and education. Boyd noted that: “Berlin university was not intended to be a mere
perceptions, dispel misconceptions, and generatemotivation to pursue a field of study9. Faculty can use profiles to clarify practices in theirdisciplines, design appropriate educational materials and instruction, and link other disciplines totheir own10. Employers can use these profiles to communicate their expectations to educators andto guide professional development for employees11. Program evaluators can use professionalprofiles to link learning outcomes to long-term behaviors12.Method for Profile DevelopmentA valuable profile must accurately reflect the profession it purports to represent. Development ofan engineering profile raises questions such as: 1. How broadly can the engineering profession be represented by a single profile? 2. What