Conference Session

COED: Mechanical Engineering-related Topics

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Shuo Ren, Old Dominion University; Zelin Zhu, Old Dominion University; Rick McKenzie, Old Dominion University; Yuzhong Shen, Old Dominion University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

engineeringlaboratory. This app is capable of not only providing off-campus and distance-learning studentsan opportunity to practice the experiment on mobile devices, but also helping on-campusstudents to get familiarized with the experiment procedure prior to their physical laboratoryexperiment.1 IntroductionLiving in the 21st century, we are fortunate to have a rich amount of technologies and resourcesthat can help us learn new skills outside the traditional classroom learning environment. As theinternet continues to grow at a tremendous pace, we are able to take online classes and gainknowledge from online sources such as learning from streaming video (e.g. YouTube,lynda.com, etc.) and watching online lecture materials (e.g. MIT open course). While

Conference Session

IED Technical Session: Preparing for the Future Through Projects and Research

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Behin Elahi, Purdue University, Fort Wayne

Tagged Divisions

Industrial Engineering

al., 2013; Abed-Elmdoust and Kerachian, 2012). They categorizedwaste in health care systems as follows. Table 1. Major healthcare waste streams Health care waste category Examples Wastes derived from normal inpatient wards, outpatient a) General wastes examination rooms, first aid areas, administration, cleaning services, kitchens, stores, and workshops. Potentially infectious wastes that require special management inside and outside the health care system

Conference Session

Curriculum and Instruction in Engineering Mechanics

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Javad Baqersad P.E., Kettering University; Yaomin Dong, Kettering University; Arnaldo Mazzei, Kettering University; Azadeh Sheidaei, Iowa State University; Basem Alzahabi, Alghurair University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanics

from other subjects such as physics, CAD, statics, electrical engineering, and fluidmechanics to solve real-world problems. This is an open-ended problem and challenges thestudents to search and use innovative ideas to optimize the designs. The final part of the projectasks students to calculate how the optimized design of the structure can economically impact theoverall cost of the wind turbine. The results of a survey taken from the students in this courseshow that students appreciate the concept materials better when they see the real-worldapplication of the subject. 1. IntroductionThe Mechanics of Materials is a required fundamental course in many programs such asMechanical, Industrial, Civil, Chemical, Physics, and Electrical

Conference Session

Tools and Techniques

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tamer Omar, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona

Tagged Divisions

Computing and Information Technology

implementation are discussed and probable solutions are described. Lessons learned fromdifferent project milestones are detailed to highlight the advantages and disadvantages ofdifferent project paths adopted by the project team. Finally, recommendations to other teamswilling to create similar labs are presented.1 INTRODUCTIONWith advances in mobile standards, wireless technologies are getting more reliable. More usersare now dependent on wireless technologies for their business and recreational activities thanever before. This tremendously increase the amount of data transfer over mobile network. Aspper Cisco® global mobile data traffic forecast, data traffic grew 63 percent in 2016, 18-fold overthe past 5 years (Cisco®, 2017). These statistics

Conference Session

Design and Implementation of Graduate Education

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jennifer M. Mansfield, Arizona State University; Terry L. Alford, Arizona State University; N. David Theodore, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

similar results. Through this paper, the authors share best practices andlessons learned as well as a blueprint for any institution looking to go through a similar process.Suggestions are made as to how instructors might leverage the digital assets created through thisprocess to benefit their on-ground students.I. IntroductionThe landscape of course offerings in higher education has shifted greatly within the past decade.One of the greatest changes has been the evolution of online courses. In fall 2015, 29.7% of allhigher education students were taking at least one distance education course [1]. Over the pastfew years, online education enrollments have been increasing at a rate that exceeds the growth ofenrollments in higher education overall

Conference Session

IED Technical Session: Preparing for the Future Through Projects and Research

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Leslie Potter, Iowa State University; Richard Stone, Iowa State University; Audrey Fyock, Iowa State University; Devna Fay Popejoy-Sheriff, Iowa State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Industrial Engineering

CurriculumAbstractSince 2013, the Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering (IMSE) Department at IowaState University (ISU) has provided high-impact education experiences to as many as 35students/semester (~6% of its student body) through undergraduate research assistantships(URAs). These experiences support ISU’s strategic goal of ensuring that students receive anexceptional education, with sub-goals of improving the ISU Experience for underrepresentedstudents, increasing retention and graduation rates for all students, and growing the impact andscope of graduate programs [1], [2]. The number of students who can benefit from thisexperience in the IMSE Department has plateaued, however, because of faculty time constraints.To significantly increase the

Conference Session

Design and Implementation of Graduate Education

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joseph H. Holles, University of Wyoming; Larry Schmidt, University of Wyoming

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

information, data and science literacy skills that will allow them to succeed in a global economy. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2018Implementing a Graduate Class in Research Data Management for Science/Engineering StudentsIntroduction: Research data management (RDM) is an integral part of engineering and science graduatestudent life, both during graduate school and in their future occupations. Federal agencies,including NSF[1], NIH[2], and USGS[3], are now requiring the submission of a DataManagement Plan (DMP) when submitting proposals for funding. Carlson et al. further advocatefor RDM by stating “… it is not simply enough to teach students about handling data, they mustknow

Conference Session

Educational & Professional Issues of Strategic Importance to the Civil Engineering Profession and ASCE

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Matthew K Swenty P.E., Virginia Military Institute; Craig N. Musselman, A & E Consulting; Monte L. Phillips P.E., University of North Dakota; L. Robert Smith P.E., American Society of Civil Engineers

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

prescribednumber of years of progressive engineering experience working under a licensed engineer.Third, he or she must pass a series of exams, typically the standardized fundamentals ofengineering (FE) and professional engineering (PE) exams, administered by the National Councilof Examiners for Engineering and Surveying (NCEES). These requirements have remainedrelatively unchanged for many years.Over 80% of jurisdictions have not adopted a discipline specific licensure method [1]. Theymaintain a general PE license for engineers of all disciplines. Engineers may choose theappropriate PE exam closest to their area of expertise. The process is the same regardless of thearea of practice, expertise, or degree earned. Additionally, the experience and education

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Division Technical Session 6

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kamau Wright, University of Hartford; Ivana Milanovic, University of Hartford; Tom A. Eppes, University of Hartford

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

. The later includedpresentations at the Undergraduate Research & Creativity Colloquium. Assessment was based onstudents’ (1) work; (2) peer evaluations using Comprehensive Assessment of Team-MemberEffectiveness (CATME), a web-based tool; (3) surveys during the CP experience; and (4)surveys in post-requisite courses. The comparison of these assessments provides cross-sectionaland semi-longitudinal results. Cross-sectional results obtained in post-requisite courses indicatedthat CP students in comparison with non-CP students, typically had a higher level of agreementthat they understood thermodynamics; had built professional camaraderie with some of theirengineering classmates in thermodynamics; were excited to do undergraduate research; and

Conference Session

Manufacturing Curriculum and Course Innovations

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Vishal R Mehta, Ohio Northern University; David R Mikesell P.E., Ohio Northern University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

Collaborative Learning (e.g. PBLs) have been widelyused in the engineering curriculum [1]. Project/problem based activities have been implementedto help students learn new concepts faster. In this methodology, a question or problem is used todrive the students’ learning activities to produce a product that can be used in real world. PBL isused to prepare students with skills such as leadership, team building, ethical behavior,creativity, critical thinking, and problem solving [2]. PBL has been implemented as part of thecurriculum or as a replacement of the traditional classroom.EMLs are either designed independently or used by modifying existing pedagogy techniquessuch as SBL or ACL. EMLs can be implemented either as single homework assignment or as

Conference Session

A Technology Potpourri I

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hazem Tawfik, State University of New York, Farmingdale; Yeong Ryu, State University of New York, Farmingdale; Srivarssha Govindarajan, Farmingdale State College

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

for low maintenance [1]. Moreover, it involves the usage of preciousmetals like platinum, which accounts for its high cost. In the present, graphene and graphene oxide 1were used in a fuel cell and were found to replace platinum catalyst. The cost of graphene oxide iscomparatively cheaper than platinum. However, more importantly for the applied research work,all the data collected was done within applied learning and highly dynamic learningenvironment. This type of applied learning comes with many benefits in comparison to traditionallearning in a classroom setting. One of the main benefits is that the student can immediately learnby physically doing and then see the impact of a scientific or

Conference Session

Course Tools and Practices

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ekaterina Koromyslova, South Dakota State University; Carrie Steinlicht, South Dakota State University; Teresa J.K. Hall, South Dakota State University; Albena Yuliyanova Yordanova, South Dakota State Univeristy ; Byron G. Garry, South Dakota State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2018 Implementing Lean Practices in an Academic Department: A Case StudyAbstractLean approaches to continuous improvement, originally practiced and perfected by ToyotaMotor Company, have been widely used in the industry sector for many decades. There is agrowing trend at universities to adopt lean practices to improve higher education processes.Reduced financial support and growing competition amongst universities and academicprograms motivate the implementation of lean practices both at university and departmentlevels.1 Colleges and universities that have adopted lean practices are driven by the need tostrategically leverage resources to meet stakeholder expectations, reduce waste or costs

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division Technical Session 8

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kevin Buffardi, California State University, Chico; William Zamora, Califonia State University, Chico; Colleen Robb, California State University, Chico; David Rahn, California State University, Chico

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

. Software engineering is a popular career path for students in computer science andclosely-related disciplines. The Bureau for Labor Statistics indicates both “software publishers”and “computer systems design” are among the fastest-growing industries and they even projectincreased demand for software engineers in coming years [1]. Consequently, courses on softwareengineering may be the most directly-relevant to many students’ careers. However, a primarychallenge to teaching software engineering is exposing students to a process and environmentresembling industry, while restricted to the confines of an academic setting. Problem-based learning (PBL) is often employed in software engineering courses byteams of students learning from hands-on

Collection

2018 ASEE Zone IV Conference

Authors

Dennis Derickson, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo

. Moderndigital communication teaching and research laboratories can use commercial test and measurementinstrumentation to simulate complex digital I-Q modulation scenarios. These full-featured instrumentsare great to use but it is easy to over-look the fundamental operational principles of creating thesecomplex waveforms at the physical layer of the system. In order to give students direct insight on theoperation of I-Q modulators, a laboratory exercise was created to teach the fundamentals of I-Qmodulator operation with a simple laboratory kit consisting of frequency mixers, semi-rigid coaxial cablewith connectors, and surface mount resistors. The schematic of the I-Q modulator is given in figure 1 asdrawn in the Keysight Advanced Design System

Collection

2018 ASEE Zone IV Conference

Authors

John M Pavlina, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott; Brennan Gray

, introductory computer programming courses Table 1: Division of studentremain tricky to navigate in an active learning by degreeenvironment. The students at Embry-Riddle who arerequired to take this course come from very different Major Spr 17 Fall 17backgrounds, levels of experience, and degree programs. AE 22 43The breakdown of majors for students enrolled in the ME 4 8author’s EGR 115 entry-level coding class in the Spring EE 0 5and Fall of 2017 is shown in Table 1. Because of the CE 0 2inconsistency of coding experience in first-year students,the instructor quickly discovers a large disparity of prior

Collection

2018 ASEE Zone IV Conference

Authors

Nebojsa I Jaksic P.E., Colorado State University, Pueblo; Trung H Duong, Colorado State University, Pueblo

write lab reports in which they include their workingprograms, their names written by the robot, sections on task challenges and solutions, and sectionson self-reflections. The self-reflections sections are crucial parts of experiential learning.To aid others in the implementation of this computer/software upgrade, a detailed description ofthe robot hardware and software is provided next. Some specific challenges are provided toillustrate what curriculum developers often encounter as they are creating new labs or as they areupgrading existing equipment.Robotic HardwareThe Mitsubishi’s Movemaster RV-M2 robot used in the CIM lab is shown in Figure 1. This robotwas installed in 1993 and was popular since one of them was featured in the 1993 movie

Collection

2018 ASEE Zone IV Conference

Authors

David Kenric Hammond, Oregon Institute of Technology - Portland Metro; H. J. Corsair, Oregon Institute of Technology

learning”. Many examples of gamification forprimary and secondary school level have been developed, see 1 for a recent review. Within theundergraduate level engineering curriculum, published examples of game based learningapproaches include teaching statics to civil engineering students 2 , and softwareengineering 3 .Market Model GameMany states in the US, and countries and regions in other parts of the world, have moved awayfrom the traditional regulated utility monopoly model of electricity supply and to moreeconomics-driven and market-based systems. Many more have done so at the wholesale “bulkpower” level than at a retail level that reaches individual consumers, though both exist. In theUnited States, this move was largely driven by orders

Collection

2018 ASEE Zone IV Conference

Authors

Abolfazl Amin, Utah Valley University; Kyle Frederick Larsen P.E., Eastern Washington University

mechanical engineering at Eastern Washington University. He received his B.S. and M.S. degrees in mechanical engineering from California State University Sacramento and his Ph.D. in mechanical engineering from Brigham Young University. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2018 DRAFTTHE EFFECT OF PROJECT-BASED INTRODUCTION TO ENGINEERING COURSE ON RETENTION IN ENGINEERING PROGRAMS 1 Abolfazl Amin, 2Kyle Larsen 1Utah Valley University Department of Engineering and Technology Provo, UT 84058 2Eastern Washington University Department of Engineering and Design Cheney, WA 99004AbstractThe main

Collection

2018 ASEE Zone IV Conference

Authors

Maria Pantoja, California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo; Zoe Wood Wood, Cal Poly - San Luis Obispo

results of ananonymous student survey. The survey shows very positive comments about the experience. Based onusing inter-class collaboration for two quarters, we have decided to continue with the practice this yearand we will gather more information in a more detailed survey and aim to make this collaboration apermanent feature in both classes. We also plan to explore how to integrate this kind of inter-classcollaboration in additional upper division computing classes and senior projects. IntroductionCollaborative learning is an educational approach to teaching and learning that involves groups oflearners working together to solve a problem, complete a task or create a product [1]. Research showsvery

Collection

2018 ASEE Zone IV Conference

Authors

Odon M Musimbi, Metropolitan State University of Denver; Jean Paul Mulanza, University of Kinshasa

- shasa BP 255 Kinshasa XI, Democratic Republic of Congo. Dr.Ing, Aachen University, Germany (1990) Dipl. Ing (MS Eng), Aachen University, Germany (1986) c American Society for Engineering Education, 2018Using Excel as a Tool to Teach Manufacturing and Heat TransferIntroduction The use of Excel in engineering education is a practical and important topic as Excel isused widely in real-world engineering practice. Microsoft Excel is an affordable, accessible andsimple computational tool for engineering students worldwide. In recent years, Excel has increasingly been used as a computational tool in science andengineering education [1-5] and in other fields [6-11]. The advantages of this tool are

Collection

2018 ASEE Zone IV Conference

Authors

Shellee Dyer, Metro State of Denver

Morse code transmission/receiver system. This lab could be expanded to teach basic digital acquisition and signal processing concepts when combined with an inexpensive DAQ platform. Our future goals include developing additional lab experiments that are enhanced with mobile devices, such demonstrations of flow sensing based on the device’s accelerometer.1. IntroductionMost college students routinely carry at least one sophisticated computer with them at all times,in the form of their smartphone and/or tablet. A 2016 survey of adults aged 18-24 in the U.S.shows that only 3 % answered "none" when asked about access to smartphones, laptops, tablets,internet connections, and cell phones [1]. Surveys about attitudes towards smartphones show

Conference Session

Green and Sustainable Manufacturing Practices

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Arif Sirinterlikci, Robert Morris University; Maria V. Kalevitch, Robert Morris University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

-based systems have not gained much momentum inthe engineering education world. Examples of different types are studied in this paper. A fewnotable attempts, some of which are ongoing, are presented here.Rowan University employed a gamification platform in a multidisciplinary freshmen designcourse as the students earned badges by completing assignments that interest them within theplatform [1]. In the Fall of 2014, the Purdue University Polytechnic Incubator started a newprogram based on competency-based-interdisciplinary skills to earn digital badges [2]. Theindividualized education and ability to explore a wide range of areas drew the interest andsupport of their freshmen. Purdue Polytechnic also studied the hopes and concerns of thestudents

Conference Session

COED: Mechanical Engineering-related Topics

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joseph Michael Derrick, Indiana University-Purdue University of Indianapolis; Michael Golub, Indiana University-Purdue University of Indianapolis; Vaibhav R. Shrivastav; Jing Zhang, Indiana University-Purdue University of Indianapolis

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

performance in application, and iden- tifying desirable processing routes for its manufacture. To this end, the research group employs a blend of experimental, theoretical, and numerical approaches, focusing on several areas, including: 1. Processing-Microstructure-Property-Performance Relationships: thermal barrier coating, solid oxide fuel cell, hydrogen transport membrane, lithium-ion battery 2. Physics-based Multi-scale Models: ab ini- tio, molecular dynamics (MD), discrete element models (DEM), finite element models (FEM) 3. Coupled Phenomena: diffusion-thermomechanical properties 4. Additve Manufacturing (AM) or 3D Printing: AM materials characterization, AM process (laser metal powder bed fusion, ceramic slurry

Conference Session

Electrical and Computer Division Poster Session

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yufang Jin, University of Texas, San Antonio; Timothy Yuen, University of Texas, San Antonio; Stephanie Ann Garcia, University of Texas, San Antonio; Robin Lynn Nelson, University of Texas, San Antonio; Ruitao Jin, University of Texas, San Antonio

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

prerequisite knowledge of 1) mathematical modeling skillsobtained from general physics (freshman level course), general chemistry (freshman levelcourse), and network theory (sophomore level course); 2) differential equation solving skillsobtained from Calculus (freshman level course); and 3) Laplace transform and complex numbersobtained from Engineering Analysis (junior level course). This course integrates students’knowledge base established in the first 3 years in college. This course also serves as a gateway tosenior level courses for automation and control. At least three technical electives are developedbased on the knowledge given in this course. Furthermore, this is the only course providing aviewpoint for Systemic Design and Implementation in

Conference Session

Study and Research Abroad

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Homero Murzi, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

International

develop the competencies and skills desired while simultaneously they form their identity as engineers.The sample was 116 civil engineering students, 49 of them enrolled in the Icarus program in its first semester.Results showed that the main motivation to join the Icarus program was to apply theory from class intoengineering real world issues, and to work and engage with peers. In addition, Icarus students have higher levelsof aspirations on how well they will do in their engineering courses, and higher levels of deep learning whencompared to other non-Icarus engineering students in the same year. Further Implications are provided.Keywords: Self-belonging, motivation, self-directed learning, co-curricular program, voluntary research.1

Conference Session

Graduate Recruitment and Retention

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Anahita Zarei, University of the Pacific; Rick Hutley, University of the Pacific

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

a Masters degreein Data Science in 2014. This is a two-year program covering courses in rigorous Math andprogramming, as well as courses entailing soft skills such as visual storytelling and consultingskills.One of the challenges for faculty on the admission committee in the past few years has beenselecting the best criteria for student admission. Typically, in engineering disciplines theadmission decision is based on students’ performance on courses such as calculus, physics andpre-engineering topics [1]. However, due to the nature of Data Science field the applicants comefrom very diverse undergraduate programs. For instance, some of our top graduating students hadan undergraduate degree in Creative Writing or Healthcare. We have

Conference Session

Applications of Technology in Mechanics Education

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Phillip Cornwell, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Simon Jones, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Daniel Takashi Kawano, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Mechanics

then compare their findings to analyticalresults. The lab has a final project involving an experimental modal test and the creation of afinite element model of a structure of the students’ choosing. Students are required to proposeexplanations for the differences in the results from the test and the finite element model.Assessment results show that students have developed a much more sophisticated understandingof analysis and testing as a result of these experiences, and by the end of the course, they useappropriate technical terminology when discussing the differences between test and analyticalresults.BackgroundAccording to the National Research Council report How People Learn: Brain, Mind, Experience,and School [1], one aspect of effective

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Division Technical Session 6

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Elizabeth A. Reddy, University of San Diego; Breanne Przestrzelski, University of San Diego; Susan M. Lord, University of San Diego; Imane Khalil, University of San Diego

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

practice.IntroductionLearning to consider the broad context of their work can help engineers develop better solutions.These solutions may also be more sustainable, economically feasible, and socially just and makepositive change in the world. Helping students recognize that engineering itself is sociotechnicaland consider the global context of their work is a goal of both University of San Diego and anelement of ABET requirements [1]. It is also a significant challenge. Material that addressesthese issues can be challenging to integrate into many traditional engineering courses.Faculty at the University of San Diego’s Shiley Marcos School of Engineering are developingnew ways to meet this challenge. In recognition of the University’s work in social innovation,peace

Conference Session

Classroom Strategies – New Engineering Educators Division

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kaela Martin, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott; Jonathan Mark Gallimore, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

a popular technique within higher education. This papercompares students’ performance in an upper-level space mechanics flipped classroom to a moretraditional classroom. Among three sections of the flipped classroom, the average final grade ofstudents in the flipped classroom was 4.66, 8.82, and 9.93 percentage points higher than studentsin the traditional classroom.IntroductionSuccessful educators relentlessly seek the best method to teach students. Often the “best” methoddepends on the course material, the students, the learning outcomes, and the instructor. Activelearning and memory research suggest a learner-centered teaching (LCT) approach where theinstructor becomes a facilitator.1 LCT strives to create an environment that maximizes

Conference Session

Professional Development for Teachers

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Carolyn Aitken Nichol, Rice University; Christina Anlynette Alston, Rice University; Jorge E Loyo Rosales, Rice University; Alice Chow; Carrie Obenland, Rice University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education

- sional development programs on student achievement and attitudes.Dr. Carrie Obenland, Rice University Dr. Obenland is the Assistant Director for Outreach and Research at the Rice Office of STEM Engage- ment. She as her PhD in Chemistry from Rice University, as well as her Masters. Her graduate work was focused on chemical education. She earned her BS in Chemical Engineering from the University of Texas at Austin. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2018 NanoEnvironmental Engineering for Teachers (Work in Progress)An increasing number of teachers are not properly trained or prepared to effectively teachscience, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) subjects [1]. Most teachers