Conference Session

Manufacturing Capstone and Design Projects

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

B. Sridhara, Middle Tennessee State University; Rick Taylor, Middle Tennessee State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

the advanced class the students design and build anair motor from scratch learning how CADD and CAM are directly linked. They design the partsusing CADD and the parts are created using a Fadal vertical machining center (VMC) CNC unit,a CNC lathe, and a StrataSys fused deposition modeling (FDM) rapid prototyping machine thatextrudes molten ABS plastic layer by layer to create a 3-dimensional part. The air motor capableof rotating a 14x6 propeller at over 2200 rpm has six cylinders with a rotary configuration(cylinders move radially) while receiving air supply through ports. Power is transmitted fromthe motor shaft to a propeller through a 6 to 1 (geared up) planetary gear unit. The advantage ofthe planetary gears is that they are compact and

Conference Session

Multimedia Tutorials and Web Development

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ramin Sadeghi, Power & Water University of Technology; Ali Mehrabian, University of Central Florida; Saeid Moslehpour, University of Hartford

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

. In this presentation, we focus on two approaches to distance learning and their relationshipto deaf student: (1) web-based distance learning that enhances classroom instruction, (2)synchronous videoconferencing that supports staff development, admissions and recruitmentefforts.What is Distance Learning? The PWUT (Power and Water University of Technology) uses the term Distance Educationto include Distance Teaching, the instructor’s role in the process, and Distance Learning, thestudent’s role in the process. Distance Education takes place when teachers and students are separated by physicaldistance; and technology (e.g., voice, video, data, graphics, print), often with face-to-facecommunication, is used to bridge the instructional gap

Conference Session

Research Infrastructure in STEM Disciplines

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Abhijit Nagchaudhuri, University of Maryland-Eastern Shore; Madhumi Mitra, University of Maryland-Eastern Shore; Rose Stoakley, University of Maryland-Eastern Shore; Tiara Turner, University of Maryland-Eastern Shore; Suraf Cherinet, University of Maryland-Eastern Shore; Gabriel Ladd, University of Maryland-Eastern Shore; Harsha Chalyam, University of Maryland-Eastern Shore; Christopher Hartman, University of Maryland-Eastern Shore; James B. Burrows-Mcelwain, University of Maryland-Eastern Shore

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

author to work on a chosen aspect of the ongoingeffort. For this ACTION project students decided to focus on aspects of yield monitoringand remote sensing for the precision agriculture project at UMES. This paper willhighlight the student efforts related to the ACTION project for 2006 summer and discusshow the out of classroom, field, and laboratory based activities enhanced learning.1. IntroductionUndergraduate research projects offer students with opportunities that provide motivationfor them to learn and refine their knowledge independently in the same vein as a researchscientist or engineer,[1] increases student participation in interdisciplinary, authenticproblem solving,[2] and help universities move from teaching oriented to

Conference Session

Cognitive and Motivational Issues in Student Performance II

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tuba Pinar Yildirim, University of Pittsburgh; Joel Townsend, University of Pittsburgh; Mary Besterfield-Sacre, University of Pittsburgh; Larry Shuman, University of Pittsburgh; Harvey Wolfe, University of Pittsburgh

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

percent observations. The former two are notfully capable of assessing higher levels of the cognitive and affective domains and can onlyexamine the outcome at a single point in time. Rather, in-depth assessment methods, such asbehavioral observation 1-4 are desirable because they enable us to investigate outcomes “inaction” and evaluate the individuals’ ability to function in the higher level learning domains;unfortunately, this assessment method requires considerable time and resources. To be aneffective method the evaluator must: determine the educational parameters involved and the timeperiod to be observed, conduct 100 percent observation of the environment and/or record it onaudio/video tape, and then transcribe the observations prior to

Conference Session

Influence of Race and Culture

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Leslie Wilkins, Maui Economic Development Board; Sheryl Hom, isisHawaii and Women in Technology; Jenilynne Gaskin, Maui Economic Development Board; Kawailehua Kuluhiwa, Maui Economic Development Board, Inc.; Christine Andrews, Maui Eco Dev Board

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

minority outreach, and the U.S. Air Force offered studentsthe opportunity to visit the Maui Space Surveillance Complex, as well as technical and programdevelopment assistance.The first Excite Camp was held August 1-3, 2001. The three-day event was designed to serve asa model for integrating the scientific traditions of indigenous peoples into current scienceeducation. The goals were: To provide a venue for WIT to reach middle school girls of Native Hawaiian ancestry and other ethnic minorities in Hawaii To develop a model workshop/curricular program integrating hands-on math and science learning with exposure to science and technology positions on Maui that will “excite” middle school girls into pursuing careers

Conference Session

The Critical First Year in Engineering Education

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jamie Medoff, University of Maryland-Baltimore County; Anne Spence, University of Maryland-Baltimore County

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

form and handed in during the meetingto their graduate fellow. These activities were archived with the program coordinator andmade available to all the schools participating in the program.The TEPP program stood on it’s own in how it attracted a large amount of engineers andcomputer scientist. The College of Engineering and Information Technology (COE&IT)at the University of Maryland Baltimore County consists of the following engineeringprograms to include mechanical, chemical, computer and computer science. Thepercentage of engineers recruited in each year is seen in Table one below:Table 1: Percentage of Engineering and Computer Science fellows 2002-2006 TEPP Year Total Fellows Percentage of

Conference Session

Recruitment and Retention

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Northern, Prairie View A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

preparation. To minimize the impact ofthis disturbing trend of students not pursuing an engineering degree, a priority must be set togenerate student interest in the field of engineering. In this paper, we outline strategies toincrease enrollment through five programs: (1) increase retention by creating a coaching andfuture leadership program for freshmen and sophomore students; (2) increase retention byhosting a design competition for engineering students; (3) recruit high school students intoengineering programs by enhancing and expanding summer camp programs; (4) generateawareness of engineering programs through workshops for students and teachers at theirrespective high schools; (5) generate interest in engineering for 5th through 12th grade

Conference Session

ChE: Safety, Sustainability, and Global Opportunities

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sundararajan Madihally, Oklahoma State University; Randy Lewis, Brigham Young University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

. The Chem-E-Car competition is a powerful tool to enhance technical writing skills,provide engineering analysis opportunities [1], and apply team management skills. Since itsbeginning in 1999, the Chem-E-Car Competition has evolved as the major attraction at theregional, national, and international American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) studentconferences [2]. The basic principle of the competition is that each team has to design a car thatwill carry up to 500 mL of water and travel a specified distance (up to 100 feet). Teams arenotified of the water weight and travel distance one hour prior to the competition. A chemicalreaction must be used to propel the car, and no mechanical mechanisms may be used to stop thecar. The components

Conference Session

Instrumentation and Laboratory Systems

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hassan Rajaei, Bowling Green State University; Mohammad Dadfar, Bowling Green State University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

and overestimation of the processing time of thesubmitted jobs in the system.1. IntroductionHigh performance computing offers an excellent vehicle to accelerate computational needs ofscientific and engineering applications. This platform currently can easily be configured withclusters of PCs connected through a high-speed switch on a high-speed network. Such a toolprovides exceptional opportunities to explore numerous projects for educational as well asresearch purposes. We have installed a Beowulf Cluster1 with 16 compute-nodes in ourcomputing lab, and have engaged our students with exciting projects in courses such asOperating Systems, Communication Networks, Parallel Programming, Distributed Simulation,Algorithms, Data Base Management, and

Conference Session

Teaching Ethics

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cynthia Finelli, University of Michigan; Trevor Harding, California Polytechnic State University; Donald Carpenter, Lawrence Technological University; Matthew Mayhew, New York University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

and completed several empirical studies toaddress its concerns about the high levels of cheating in engineering undergraduates. The workranges from identifying factors that influence engineering students’ decisions about cheating toanalyzing the relationships between this decision and unethical behavior in the workplace. Majorfindings from these studies are presented in this paper.The PACES-1 StudyThe E3 Team designed the Perceptions and Attitudes about Cheating among EngineeringStudents (PACES-1) Study to investigate general issues related to undergraduate cheating. Theteam conducted an extensive review of literature on the subject and developed the PACES-1

Conference Session

Capstone Design II

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephen Laguette, University of California-Santa Barbara

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

advisor to tackle aMechanical Engineering design project. Engineering communication, such as reports and oralpresentations are covered. The course emphasizes a practical, hands-on experience, andintegrates analytical and design skills acquired in the companion ME courses. The courseobjectives are (1) design problem solving, creative thinking, project planning and teamworkthrough a challenging design and build project; (2) to provide experience in fundamentalengineering reporting and communication including project plans, design reviews, and projectreports. To address the transition of the three unit, one quarter design course into a six unit, threequarter Capstone Design course, an Academic Coordinator with over twenty-five years ofengineering

Conference Session

Poster Session

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Cottrell, University of North Carolina-Charlotte

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

imminentshortage of scientists, technologists, engineers, and mathematicians; further, female high-schoolstudents show little interest in pursuing careers related to engineering.1 This lack of interest maybe a significant factor in understanding the “Extraordinary Woman Engineers Project” whichreported that currently fewer than 10% of the nation's engineers are women in spite of the factthat girls do not lag behind boys in grades or test scores in either math or science.2 The program presented by this paper represents perhaps part of the solution to thisparadox by investing in the female youth of today through proven hands-on learning techniques.3This paper reports on a local initiative by the University of North Carolina at Charlotte to investin

Conference Session

Improving ME Instructional Laboratories

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brian Sangeorzan, Oakland University; Laila Guessous, Oakland University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

isprepared as shown in Table 1, below. The food sample, wrapped in its weighing paper, isplaced into a sealed and numbered plastic container along with a piece of fuse wire and astainless fuel capsule. The set of samples are stored in a large plastic storage containeralong with a dessicant. Since the samples are to be used by the students over a two-weekperiod, the use of a dessicant prevents the contamination of the samples with humidity,which may affect the results of the experiment. A sign-out sheet is attached to the storagecontainer; the students can then record their sample number, and the weights, but will notknow which food type they have. Paper Capsule Paper, Capsule, & Sample Sample

Conference Session

ERM Potpourri II

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Shane Brown; Devlin Montfort; Kip Findley

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

. Page 12.1318.1Responses to Reviewer’s Comments:1. a) Portions of the paper have been rewritten and reorganized to make the paper easier to follow and to address specific reviewer comments. b) Additional sub-headings were included in the Results section to emphasize that in this study a well-defined methodology was a desired result. A summary conclusion was included to clarify key aspects of the paper.2. a) This comment did not require specific changes. b) This comment did not require specific changes. c) The paper was proofread again and grammatical and spelling issues were corrected. d) An abstract was provided at the beginning of the paper to indicate study outcomes. e

Conference Session

Experiences in Teaching Energy Courses

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Slobodan Petrovic, Arizona State University; Lakshmi Munukutla, Arizona State University; John Robertson, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

particular issue. If it turns out that the problemis wide-spread and persistent it might be necessary to revise the prerequisites for studentsentering alternative energy programs to include additional chemistry credits and to secure theoverall success of the programs.Another alternative would be to provide a summer or inter-session refresher course for thosestudents that have not taken the necessary chemistry courses. In addition, a restructuring of thefirst module to more basic approach while extending the last module designed for electronics Page 12.715.8students could be considered.References 1. Lakshmi Munukutla, Albert McHenry, Robert

Conference Session

Emerging Trends in Engineering Education Poster Session

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Chell Roberts, Arizona State University; Senay Purzer; Darryl Morrell; Mark Henderson, Arizona State University; Scott Danielson, Arizona State University; Nancy Cooke, Arizona State University

verbaldata to study cognitive processes in many areas of psychology, education, and cognitive science.Studies have used verbal reports for research on topics such as decision-making13, second-language learning14, text comprehension15, human factors research16, and engineering design17, 1.The method typically begins by encouraging the participants to pursue a given exercise whilethinking out loud and recording the utterances. The investigators typically hypothesize a specificseries of content and process activities that the participants will follow (an expected protocol)and then look for these steps by coding the transcription of the recordings.VPA has been used in the analysis of engineering tasks, executed both individually18 and inteams19 to

Conference Session

Engineering in Elementary Schools

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Megan Holmes, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Jill Rulfs, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; John Orr, Worcester Polytechnic Institute

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

curriculum development in the more advanced age groups and move on toyounger classrooms as the project progressed and experience with elementary students increased.In the second year, 2004-2005, 5 WPI faculty members, 6 graduate fellows, 3 undergraduatefellows, and 18 undergraduates worked with 17 WPS teachers in three elementary schools ingrades 2-6. The 4-6 grade teams worked to evaluate and refine the first year curriculum while 2-3 grade teams began their first year of development.In the third and final year of the project, 2005-2006, PIEE teams added grades K and 1 andcontinued in grades 2-6. Three WPI faculty members, six graduate fellows, and fourteenundergraduate students worked with twenty-seven WPS teachers in three elementary schools.The

Conference Session

Interdisciplinary Education in Engineering Technology

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ramin Sadeghi, Power & Water University of Technology; Saeid Moslehpour, University of Hartford; Mark Rajai, Northern Kentucky University; Robert Matthews, University of Louisville

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

are to 1) educate the reader about e-Health 2) describe the different components of e-Health 3) illustrate how e-Health works 4) summarize the potential benefits of e-Health 5) Detail a plan to increase the probability of a successful e-Health program. 6) describe a visionary, yet practical, initial e-Health activity that would benefit developing countries – the online Health Sciences CentreDefinition of e-HealthE-Health can be defined as, The use of information and communications technology to deliver health services and exchange health information when distance separates the participants2E-Health is a general term that includes many different technologies andtelecommunications modalities applied to many

Conference Session

Special programs and activities for minorities in engineering

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Peter Stroot, University of South Florida; Bernard Batson, University of South Florida; BK Robertson, Alabama State University

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

education and future demandsfor engineers and scientists in the United States, the NSF has established two goals: (1) improvethe education and research abilities of engineers and scientists; and (2) increase the number ofengineers and scientists by expanding outreach activities that target students from historically,underrepresented groups5.Most compelling, Environmental Engineering is one of the fastest growing careers with anexpected increase of 54% by 20126. Environmental engineering relies heavily on properlytrained students in biotechnology, which includes an understanding of basic microbiology,biological modeling, and molecular biology. The development of molecular biology tools overthe past twenty years has improved our understanding

Conference Session

Innovations in biological and agricultural engineering education

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kyle Mankin, Kansas State University

Tagged Divisions

Biological & Agricultural

project provided opportunity for experiential learning that engaged students,provided essential problem solving and teamwork skills, and assessed their learning about thedesign process. Students prepared a functional layout design for one of the BAE/ATM studentspaces within Seaton Hall. The development of the layout design followed the design process,culminating in a presentation to the client (Department Head) and other constituents. Studentswere assessed using self-assessment, assessment of the presentation, and a short-answer exam.Results were classified according to seven elements of the design process: 1) teamwork, 2)information gathering, 3) problem definition, 4) idea generation, 5) evaluation and decisionmaking, 6) implementation, and 7

Conference Session

Environmental Engineering Curricula II

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tracy Thatcher, Cal Poly San Luis Obispo

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

debate theresults in small groups to obtain a consensus on issues. Consensus building and positive groupdynamics are stressed. In addition to the activity modules, the redesign also incorporated manyopportunities for in-class problems solving and short discussion breaks.The redevelopment of the course will also help better align the learning objectives with thelearning outcomes listed in the ABET Course Classification, which are used be ABET todetermine if the course is meeting desired accreditation outcomes. Although many of the ABEToutcomes are enhanced in the format, the most significant learning outcomes impacted are: 1. Ability to design & conduct experiments; analyze, interpret data 2. Ability to function in multi

Conference Session

Hands-on Materials Science and Engineering

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Richard Griffin, Texas A&M University; Ibrahim Karaman, Texas A&M University; Ji Ma, Texas A&M University; Jeffrey Froyd, Texas A&M University; Jaime Grunlan, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Materials

project, but separate from the certificate program, we are developing aseries of experiments that will be introduced in the first-year engineering program at a large,research-intensive university. The goal of the experiments is to help students determine howdifferences in concentrations of nano-sized particles, which are added to common materials, canchange physical properties. In this exercise, student teams will fabricate composite films filledwith different concentrations of carbon black in two different types of polymers: 1. latex-basedcomposite with poly (vinyl acetate), and 2. solution-based composite with poly(vinylpyrrolidone). The concentrations vary from about 2 wt% to 15 wt%. For mechanicalproperties, the students will determine the

Conference Session

FPD12 -- Novel Approaches to First Year Programs

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Janet Meyer, Indiana University-Purdue University-Indianapolis; Nancy Lamm, Indiana University-Purdue University-Indianapolis; Joshua Smith, Indiana University-Purdue University-Indianapolis

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

seminar.This institution has long been a national leader in the establishment of learning communities forfirst-year students.Learning communities as they exist on this campus are typically 1 credit hour courses taken byfirst semester freshman students. Briefly, the learning communities are designed to introducestudent success skills, to acquaint students with their major area, and to build community andfoster relationships among students. There is an abundance of literature in existence thatsupports the efficacy of learning communities. Most of these are ex post facto studies that havelooked at learning communities in general and compared the retention rates and grade pointaverages of students who participated in a learning community with those who

Conference Session

Capstone Projects and Experiential Learning

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ifte Choudhury; Tharuna Khilathi, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

12.1414.4T = K*Cβ (1)where T = duration of construction period from the date of possession of site to substantialcompletion, in wording days, C = completed cost of project in millions of Australiandollars, adjusted to constant labor and material prices, K = a constant indicating the generallevel of time performance per million Australian dollar, and β = a constant describing howthe time performance is affected by the size of the construction project measured by itscost.This model indicated that the duration of a construction project is basically a function of itstotal cost. It provided a basis for all parties concerned with the construction process toestablish a fairly

Conference Session

Technical Issues in Architectural Engineering II

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Frank Yeboah, North Carolina A&T State University; Harmohindar Singh, North Carolina A&T State University; Shamsuddin Ilias, North Carolina A&T State University

Tagged Divisions

Architectural

of information.Course Outline:Module 1: Introduction, Dispersion and Transport of Chemical and Biological Agents (CBA)This module covers topics such as CBA and their effects on building security. We also discusswhat CBA are, the various types of chemical and biological agents, the distinction betweenchemical agents and biological agents, how they may be introduced, dispersed and transported inbuildings. In addition, we discuss what makes buildings attractive targets for bioterrorism, andthen introduce some of the mitigating measures to deal with bio-security.Module 2: Emergency Response Plan for Building OccupantsThis module covers the design and implementation of response plan to protect buildings againstCBA incidents. A discussion of the

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ian Papautsky, University of Cincinnati; Ali Asgar Bhagat, University of Cincinnati

performing suchreactions require fast homogeneous mixing. Thus, successful development of a micromixercapable of passively mixing in a short distance is an active area of research and is of significantinterest to the microfluidics and LOC research communities. Focusing the course on themicrofluidic mixer example permitted us to discuss all aspects of microfluidic design cycle,including theory, modeling, fabrication, device characterization, and applications (Figure 1). THEORY FABRICATION - Fluid mechanics - Microchannels - Micro & Nano fluidics - Nanochannels - Pressure

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Patricia Carlson, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Frederick Berry, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

for computer-mediated collaborativeassessment.2.0 Peer Review, Outcomes Assessment, and Formative FeedbackReform-driven engineering education incorporates various types of collaborative learningexperiences. Such pedagogy yields a number of gains for modern engineering education. Peerreview is an especially fruitful technique, whose instructional outcomes should: • Enhance students’ meta-cognitive abilities in a complex process by fostering, higher- order activities, such as those represented by the upper levels of Bloom’s Taxonomy [1] • Encourage students to move toward mature, professional behaviors, such as the progression outlined by the Perry Model [9]. Within this framework, the student progressively moves from

Conference Session

Unique Laboratory Experiments and Programs Poster Session

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Samuel Lakeou, University of the District of Columbia; Tinh Dinh, University of the District of Columbia; Abiyu Negede, University of the DIstrict of Columbia

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

design is depicted in Fig. 1. This configurationallows for a variety of circuit design assignments which integrate “analog” and “digital” signalsas well as sensors, actuators and transducers. In this depiction, the central “intelligent”component is the CPLD, which decides on actions to take based on the information sensed by thesensor-to-voltage transducers such as temperature, pressure etc… sensors. The signals providedby the transducers are digitized by the ADC and fed to the CPLD for processing. In addition,digital signals can be sensed directly by the CPLD through its input output (I/O) bus lines.Various actuators can also be controlled by digital control of a DAC

Conference Session

IE and EM Program Mangement

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Hagenberger, Valparaiso University; Peter Johnson, Valparaiso University; Doug Tougaw, Valparaiso University; Jeffrey Will, Valparaiso University; Mark Budnik, Valparaiso University; Kathleen Sevener, Valparaiso University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

that more closelyresembles that which many will find in industry upon graduation, while the graduate students aregiven a chance to practice the project management skills learned in their own coursework.This paper describes the decisions made during the process of incorporating the graduatestudents into the undergraduate, senior projects course, the benefits of these choices, and thelessons learned throughout this process.1. IntroductionThe engineering graduate of 2007 must demonstrate a wide variety of expertise, ranging fromfoundational knowledge in mathematics and science to critical thinking, creativity, designexpertise, and communication skills. In addition to these abilities, it is becoming apparent thatknowledge of business and

Conference Session

Engineering Professional Development for K-12 Teachers – I

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniel Sullivan, The College of New Jersey; Stephen O'Brien, The College of New Jersey; John Karsnitz, The College of New Jersey

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

indistinguishable from magic.[1]is for all intents and purposes the reality for many individuals. As engineers, it is onething to shake our heads when someone claims that they have no idea how a light bulb oran internal combustion engine works, but can we really be surprised when someoneexpresses a sense of wonder when they learn that a tiny unpowered USB device can store4 GB of data?Ten years ago, engineering programs were beginning to introduce the concept of 3-Dmodeling to students who had problems using a mouse to zoom, pan and rotate a solidmodel. Yet today, grade-school children play video games that exist in fully 3-D virtualworlds and they can build their own solid models using kid-centric programs such asLego Digital Designer.[2] During the same