the end of April, students who are about to graduate are emailed a request tocomplete a Senior Survey. At the end of the survey are open-response questions, one of whichasks, “Of the engineering professors at George Fox University, which several were the mostinfluential in your professional development and why?” In light of what a graduate shared at apanel session about the value of the course, not for its content but for its approach to problemsolving (discussed above), responses to the professional development prompt were reviewed.Students typically take HT in their third year, so most students complete the Senior Survey oneyear after taking the course.The following are sample responses, edited for brevity, from 2010–2014: ● 2011 Grad
in Table 1. able 1TParticipant Information Name Gender Identity Race/Ethnic Identity ajor M Claire Female White Aerospace Engineering Skylar Female White Biological Systems Engineering Kiara Female ace - African American / Black R Biomedical Engineering Ethnicity - Hispanic and Caribbean Maria Female Latina
science in the digital age. Running on Empty, 2010. URL https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:220884923. [8] E. B. Witherspoon, C. D. Schunn, R. M. Higashi, and R. Shoop. Attending to structural programming features predicts differences in learning and motivation. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 34(2):115–128, 2018. doi: 10.1111/jcal.12219. URL https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12219. [9] S. Marwan, G. Gao, S. Fisk, T. W. Price, and T. Barnes. Adaptive immediate feedback can improve novice programming engagement and intention to persist in computer science. In Proceedings of the 2020 ACM Conference on International Computing Education Research, pages 194–203. ACM, August 2020.[10] Ismaila Temitayo Sanusi and Sunday
content,capturing the essence of the input data to produce novel outputs, such as text, images, audio, andvideo [2]. This innovative capability of generative AI paves the way for applications ranging fromcreative content generation to complex problem-solving, which could apply to engineeringmanagement.The development chronology of generative AI, shown in Figure 1, began with its conceptual rootsin the 1950s with the origin of machine learning and then exploring algorithmic data creation [3],[4], [5]. The 1990s saw the development of neural networks which advanced AI development. Inthe 2010s, deep learning, large datasets, and enhanced computing power further progressedgenerative AI. A landmark moment occurred in 2014 with the introduction of
Black and HispanicSTEM workers than for White and Asian workers [12]. The number and proportion of STEMdegrees earned by American Indian and Alaska Native students declined between 2011 and 2020along with their representation in the STEM field [12]. Between 2011 and 2021, the STEMworkforce experienced a 20% overall expansion, with notable increases of 31% for women and 2million for Hispanic workers [12].In 2019, immigrants constituted almost one-fourth of all STEM workers in the U.S., marking a17% increase since 2010 [13-14]. Most H-1B visas issued for STEM-related roles are issued tothose originating from India (28.9%) and China (10.9%) [13]. Of the top ten most representedbirth places of immigrant STEM workers, seven are within Asia (India
White Biological Systems ace - African American / Black R Kiara Female Biomedical Ethnicity - Hispanic and Caribbean Shay Genderqueer White [removed for anonymity] Juan Male Hispanic ComputerNote: Students were asked to self-describe their racial/ethnic and gender identity. . Data CollectionCWe performed semi-structured interviews with the participants of the study lasting