Conference Session

BME Courses and Learning Activities

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jorge E. Bohorquez, University of Miami; Ozcan Ozdamar, University of Miami; Jonathon Anthony Toft-Nielsen, University of Miami

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

Biomedical Engineering of the University of Miami were directs the Biomedical Design and Instrumentation Laboratory and teaches Se- nior/Master Design Project, Biomedical Instrumentation, Microcomputer based medical instrumentation and Bio-signal processing. He mentors multidisciplinary teams of students, mainly interested in the de- sign of novel bio-electric devices. In his teams he integrates students at different academic levels from undergraduate to PhD. In research he is affiliated with the Neurosensory Laboratory where he performs research in audiology, ophthalmology, anesthesia and neurology. Collaborating with researchers of the Miller School of Medicine, he develops and validates novel Electrophysiological

Conference Session

Ethics in different disciplines

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Diana Bairaktarova, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Demetra Evangelou, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

young engineer’s thinking”.3 AsBaura continues: “In preparation for being involved in unethical situations you cannot control, itis important to know your limits. Know your personal engineering ethics threshold for action.”3This paper proposes an engineering ethics course that will help students develop these personalengineering ethics and presents the outline of the content, assessment, and pedagogy for teachingthe Engineering Ethics course.As part of the course modules for ethics communications and group work projects have beendeveloped. The paper starts with a background outlining the context of the Engineering Ethicscourse, mentions some particular so called “best practices” to present such a course, exploresassumptions about the course

Conference Session

Distance and Web-based Learning in ECE

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Esteban Rodriguez-Marek, Eastern Washington University; Min-Sung Koh, Eastern Washington University; Claudio Talarico, Eastern Washington University; Jabulani Nyathi, Eastern Washington University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

bulk of the criticism centers around engineering programs not adapting to the skills that students will require when entering the workforce in a globalized economy [3][4][5]. Studies have shown that engineers in the 21st century will not work in isolation focusing only on the technical feasibility and implementation of a project, but instead will be part of large, interdisciplinary teams that are concerned with the technical specifications of a product, but also in its marketability and societal implications [6][7]. In short, engineers need to have increased communication skills and a much more entrepreneurial spirit. To address these issues, the EE program has an intense laboratory component in

Conference Session

Recruitment, Retention, and First-Year Programs in ECE

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James J. Sluss Jr., University of Oklahoma; Chad Eric Davis, University of Oklahoma; Mark B. Yeary, University of Oklahoma

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

in 1999, he was a member of the DSP group and a Lecturer with the Department of Electrical Engineering, TAMU, where he continued to lead a variety of industrially sponsored projects. Since Fall 2002, he has been with the School of Electrical and Computer Engineer- ing, University of Oklahoma (OU), Norman, where he is now an Associate Professor and member of the Atmospheric Radar Research Center. His research and teaching interests are in the areas of digital signal processing as applied to radars, atmospheric studies, image processing, adaptive filter design, and customized DSP systems. Dr. Yeary is a Member of the Tau Beta Pi honor society and the American Me- teorological Society. In the past, he received the

Conference Session

Students' Abilities and Attitudes

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kristi J Shryock, Texas A&M University; arun r srinivasa, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University; Jefferey E. Froyd, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

obtained a Ph.D at UC Berkeley and has been a faculty in the mechanical Engineering Department at Texas A&M University. He is one of the curriculum coordinators for the freshman engi- neering program of the Dwight Look College of Engineering at Texas A&M University, and was also part of the committee that developed the current statics and dynamics class for the Department of Mechanical EngineeringJefferey E. Froyd, Texas A&M University Jeffrey E. Froyd is the Director of Faculty Climate and Development at Texas A&M University. He served as Project Director for the Foundation Coalition, an NSF Engineering Education Coalition in which six institutions systematically renewed, assessed, and institutionalized

Conference Session

Civil Engineering Education and Workforce Development Challenges

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Steven D. Hart, U.S. Military Academy; Ledlie Klosky, U.S. Military Academy, West Point; Joseph P. Hanus, U.S. Military Academy; Karl F. Meyer, U.S. Military Academy; Jason Allen Toth; Morgan Reese, U.S. Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

asked tocontribute to the presentation of material through briefing of course readings via lottery andthrough scheduled Two Minute Follies, described later. Student accomplishment is evaluatedthrough the course project or portfolio, their in-class presentations, five homework sets and threeexaminations. This is described in more detail later under “Assessment”.INFRASTRUCTURE ENGINEERING COURSE SUMMARY In our curriculum, Infrastructure Engineering is numbered CE350 and is generally taken Page 22.188.4during the first semester of the junior year. For our CE majors, it follows, but is not dependenton, MC300 Fundamentals of Engineering

Collection

2011 Fall ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

PATRICA A. S. RALSTON; JEFFREY L. HIEB

Report from 200519, Project Kaleidoscope Report onReports II18 and the President’s American Competitiveness Initiatives of 200717. Locally, the KentuckyCouncil on Postsecondary Education STEM Task Force11 has developed a state-wide strategic plan toaccelerate Kentucky’s performance within STEM disciplines. Both the STEM Task Force and theNational Science Board1 recognize the need to form strategic partnerships that inform K-12 students andparents about engineering. Despite these reports and recommendations three to five years ago, updatedreports Rising Above the Gathering Storm: Two Years Later and Rising Above the Gathering Storm,Revisited: Rapidly Approaching Category 523,24 show progress is not on target to address the needs,especially

Conference Session

Panel on Innovative Graduate Education Concepts: Organized by the National Institute of Aerospace

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Amy E. Landis, University of Pittsburgh; Melissa M. Bilec, University of Pittsburgh; Leidy Klotz, Clemson University; Annie R. Pearce, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

translates her work in these areasas well as that of other Pitt sustainable engineersinto student projects as the assistant director of education outreach in the Mascaro Center for Sustainable Innovation, Pitt’s center for green design.Leidy Klotz, Clemson UniversityAnnie R Pearce, Virginia Tech Dr. Annie Pearce is an Assistant Professor in the Myers-Lawson School of Construction at Virginia Tech specializing in sustainable facilities and infrastructure systems. Throughout her career, Annie has worked with practitioners in both public and private sectors to implement sustainability as part of building plan- ning, design, construction, and operations. As a LEED Accredited Professional, Annie brings the latest in green

Conference Session

ECCD Poster Session

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Simon De Los Rios, Lisbon Superior Engineering Institute (ISEL)

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

full professor of electrical machines in the electrical engineering and automation department. He has a B.Sc. in Energy and Power Systems, a diploma degree in Electrical Engineering, Automation and Industrial Electronics from ISEL, a M.Sc. and a PhD in Electrical Engineering and Computers from Lisbon Technical University. He is also the president of a research and project center on electrical machines control and applications (CIPROMEC).Jose Carlos Quadrado, Lisbon Superior Engineering Institute (ISEL) Jos Carlos Quadrado is the full professor of electrical machines in the electrical engineering and automa- tion department of the Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa (ISEL), Portugal. Currently he holds the

Conference Session

FPD VII: Innovative Curriculum Elements of Successful First-Year Courses

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Barbara Elizabeth Carruthers, The Ohio State University; Paul Alan Clingan, The Ohio State University - EEIC

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

experience students gain incapstone projects is frequently too difficult (18) or not representative of real-world problems (19) .This lack of experience puts a burden on employers (20), but also puts well-trained students inhigh demand.Recent advances in personal computers have made computational modeling a possibility forstudents as a supplement to their studies. Waiting until upper-level courses to introducecomputational modeling robs them of a valuable tool which could have enhanced their traditionalcourse material throughout their undergraduate careers. In particular, student-level software issuitable for use as an industry proof-of-concept (21) (22). Providing students with early access tocomputational modeling software has the potential to

Conference Session

Graduate Studies Poster Session

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Timothy Paul Tallon, University of Pittsburgh; Dan Budny, University of Pittsburgh

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

librarians and with faculty from the EnglishDepartment‘s Composition Program to develop tools and projects to increase students‘engagement with the ―soft skills‖ of communication and aware, responsible professionalism. TheSwanson School of Engineering has made curricular moves that require students to see theimportance of research and writing in learning about engineering and the importance ofcommunication to engineering excellence even beyond the college years.However, successful engineers must also rely on strong communication skills in nearly everyaspect of their work [2, 3]. Currently, engineering curricula prepare students for the job market‘stechnical writing demands, but do they equip students with the necessary public speaking orleadership

Conference Session

General Topics in Graduate Education

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Suzanne M. Kresta, University of Alberta; John A. Nychka, University of Alberta; Roger Graves, University of Alberta

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

offigures, and the key words and references which must be cited. Several workshop presentersemphasized to their students that they should read the final version not as an author, but as areviewer. Once the formulas are set aside, our two prolific authors both clearly stated that, “Writing ascientific article can be a traumatic experience. One must lure and entice someone to read yourwork.” The art of turning scientific results into a clear and compelling story for the reader ispartially deconstructed in Heath and Heath6. Several guiding principles for technical articleswere identified in the workshop. A well written article explains the motivation for carrying outthe project. It should be written in a style that is clear, leaving no doubt as to

Conference Session

New Trends in ECE Education

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Farzad Pourboghrat, Southern Illinois University; Narayanan Ramachandran, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale; Aishwarya Vasu, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale; Arjun Shekar Sadahalli, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale; Prashanthi Banala, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale; Giampiero Campa, MathWorks

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

approachModel-based design is a methodology used for designing embedded software. It is used toaddress the challenges associated with modeling, analysis, design, implementation, testing andoptimization of multi-domain motion control systems2,3,4. The approach is generallyimplemented using an integrated software environment that is interfaced with the external worldthrough data-acquisition systems. In this project, Matlab and Simulink are used for modeling andsimulation of multi-domain systems, including electrical, mechanical, and many others, as wellas for signal processing, parameter estimation, control design, optimization, and real-timeembedded programming. A typical embedded control application involves: modeling, parametertuning, system

Conference Session

Thinking Outside the Box! Innovative Curriculum Exchange for K12 Engineering

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sharlene Yang, Museum of Science, Boston; Christine M. Cunningham, Museum of Science

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

AC 2011-1829: EXCHANGE-ENGINEERING IS ELEMENTARY LESSONSTHAT HIGHLIGHT SUSTAINABILITYSharlene Yang, Museum of Science, Boston Sharlene Yang is the professional development director for the Engineering is Elementary project. She has ten plus years of experience as both a science educator and researcher that includes teaching biology, environmental outreach education, and research in biopsychology. Prior to joining the EiE team, Sharlene was a founding teacher at an alternative school for ”at risk” teens; she understands the challenges of working with children that struggle in a mainstream school environment and the importance of creating a classroom that fosters inquiry and student-centered learning. With that in

Conference Session

FPD XI: Assessing First-Year Programs, Experiences, and Communities

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Marie C. Paretti, Virginia Tech; Kelly J. Cross, Virginia Tech University

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

-specificintroductions to the major with projects localized to a specific field; from a single coursespanning one quarter or semester to full-year sequences; from a general set of science andmathematics courses to cornerstone engineering courses that emphasize design and professionaldevelopment. This diversity can make it challenging to provide analysis across programs, reachconsensus about appropriate learning goals for first-year students, or develop systematicapproaches to assessment.It is through the issue of assessment that we approach this diversity; the emphasis on assessmentnationally makes it a natural focal point, and any discussion of assessment inevitably raisesissues associated with both learning outcomes and implementation structures. Our goal

Conference Session

Issues Affecting Engineering Program Development

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jimmy Bill Linn, East Carolina University; Merwan B. Mehta, East Carolina University; Janet Hooper Sanders, East Carolina University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

/methods engineer, machine tool design engineer, manufacturing engineer, technical partner, project director, vice-president and consultant. His present re- search interests are enhancing manufacturing and business processes through lean principles and theory of constraints, and the pursuit of quality and variation control through six-sigma. Merwan has conducted 2-day post conference value stream mapping workshops for the Institute of Indus- trial Engineers (IIE) for their Lean/Operational Excellence Conference since 2001 at various companies all over the US. He is an ASQ Certified Six-Sigma Black Belt and a SME Certified Manufacturing Engi- neer.Dr. Janet Hooper Sanders, East Carolina University Janet H. Sanders

Conference Session

Manufacturing Poster Session

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

R. Radharamanan, Mercer University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

printing system provides a way to reduce cost and make the system more environmentallyfriendly. A rotating auger bit inside an enclosure barrel forces the particulate down the tube. Anelectric motor turns the auger which grabs the material to move it down the barrel. Prototype ofthis design and the 3D printer were fabricated and tested to determine proper functionality.The 3D printer and the recycling system are currently being used to: teach additive layermanufacturing and rapid prototyping to students enrolled in manufacturing courses; printprototypes for new, difficult to find or expensive parts for research/design projects; and recyclethe scrap ABS from the Cupcake 3D printer to a 3 mm filament and reuse it for printing newparts and prototypes

Conference Session

Engineering as the STEM Glue

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ben Pelleg, Drexel University; David Urias, Drexel University; Adam K. Fontecchio, Drexel University; Eli Fromm, Ph.D., Drexel University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

and then joined Drexel University in 1967. He has served in faculty and academic leadership positions including Vice President for Educational Research, Vice Provost for Research and Graduate Studies, interim Dean of the College of Engineering, and interim Head of the De- partment of Biosciences. He currently is Assoc. Dean of the College of Engineering and Director of the Freshman Enginering Experience at Drexel. He has conducted extensive bioengineering research and in more recent years has turned his attention to engineering education research. He is the P.I. of the GK-12 project to which this paper relates. He is the inaugural recipient of the Bernard Gordon Prize from the National Academy of Engineering as

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Technical Session

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gül E. Okudan Kremer, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Mike Murphy, Dublin Institute of Technology; Brian Bowe, Dublin Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

perceivehow their program is imparting problem solving and professional skills. We fill this void in theliterature by replicating the P2P surveys3 developed as part of an NSF funded project. With thereplication at hand, we extend the study to enable comparison across countries. In this paper, wefocus on the replication in Ireland and limit revealing our findings to the problem solving andprofessional skills attainment perceptions of students. Page 22.187.2Literature ReviewEngineering programs are required to show their outcomes in professional skills attainment asthe EC2000 criteria4, pgs. 24-25 for program level outcomes focused on these criteria

Collection

2011 Fall ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

Ramesh K . Agarwal

emissions are introduced in the context of current status and projected increase in noise and emissions in next twenty five years due to three fold increase in air travel (and as a result two fold increase in flying aircraft). If no new technologies are introduced and status-quo is allowed to remain, the aircraft emissions will contribute about 17-20% to total equivalent CO2 emissions from all sources worldwide, which will not be acceptable because of worldwide efforts to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions due to their adverse impact on climate.Inclusion of Sustainability in Aerospace Courses at WUSTLMEMS 5700: The concepts of drag reduction using active flow control and laminarflow wing are explained in

Conference Session

Professional Graduate Education and Industry

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Carla C. Purdy, University of Cincinnati; Xuefu Zhou, University of Cincinnati

Tagged Divisions

College Industry Partnerships, Graduate Studies

, respectively, both from the University of Cincinnati where he joined the faculty as an assistant professor in September 2005 and became an associate professor in September 2010. From July 1995 to August 2000, he worked as a R&D Engineer, then Senior Engineer and Project Manager in the industry designing and developing distributed computer control systems, real-time embedded systems for various process controls. He is a senior member of IEEE and a member of ASEE. Page 22.830.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2011 Improving a Preparing Future Faculty in Engineering Program

Conference Session

Thermodynamics, Fluids, and Heat Transfer I

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

N.M. A. Hossain, Eastern Washington University; Martin W. Weiser, Eastern Washington University, Engineering and Design Department; Hani S. Saad, Eastern Washington University; Jason K. Durfee, Eastern Washington University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

analyses, using ANSYS, will also be conducted toextend the students’ understanding into more complex systems. The learning methodology is agreat experience for students to learn numerous heat transfer concepts in the limited timeavailable in a one quarter course. The purpose of this paper is to explain the details of thisteaching methodology and discuss the educational outcomes obtained in our heat transfercurriculum. Page 22.930.2IntroductionThis paper documents an initial heat transfer project that incorporates analytical, numerical(finite element), and experimental analyses to enhance students’ understanding of conductionand convection. Three

Conference Session

Build Diversity in Engineering Graduate Programs

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Carmen G. Villa, Texas A&M University; Felecia M. Nave, Prairie View A&M University; Sherri S. Frizell, Prairie View A&M University; Mary V. Alfred, Texas A&M University; Fred Arthur Bonner II, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

American Council on Education (ACE) Fellow in the Office of the President at Old Dominion University in Norfolk, Virginia. Additionally, he has recently been awarded a $1 million National Science Foun- dation (NSF) grant that focuses on factors influencing the success of high achieving African American students in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) disciplines in Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs). Page 22.1499.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2011This presentation highlights findings from a currently funded three-year research project with

Conference Session

Special Session Celebrating the 10th Anniversary of the MATE International ROV Competition

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Thomas R. Consi, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee

Tagged Divisions

Ocean and Marine

as soon as possible.Getting students to work on a project outside the classroom is a daunting task for an ROV teamadvisor. Too often students are in the position of passive spectators either in a lecture hall on theInternet. In these situations students often receive information without the need to either assessthe quality of the information based on their knowledge and intuition from real-worldexperience, or decide on the importance of the information in the context of the task at hand. Agood way to change this dynamic is to make the students “get off their chairs” and find out forthemselves. For example a student may ask what happens if a 6V rated motor is powered at12V. Rather than simply say the motor will run fast and burn out, it is

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Matthew W. Ohland, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Richard A. Layton, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Daniel Michael Ferguson, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Misty L. Loughry, Georgia Southern University; David J. Woehr, University of Tennessee; Hal R. Pomeranz, Deer Run Associates

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees

can be studied through a secureresearcher interface. The three goals of the project support each other in hierarchical fashion:research informs faculty practice, faculty determine the students’ experience, which, if wellmanaged based on research findings, equips students to work in teams. Our strategies forachieving these goals are based on a well-accepted training model that has five elements:information, demonstration, practice, feedback, and remediation.Different outcomes are expected for each group of people. For the students, both individualoutcomes, such as student learning, and team outcomes, such as the development of sharedmental models, are expected. For the faculty, individual outcomes such as faculty learning andfaculty

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Poster Session

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Renat Letfullin, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

in the fieldof nanobiomedicine; and have been accepted into graduate medical physics programs. Based onthe new course Principles of Nanomedicine, a set of interdisciplinary laboratories has beendeveloped and offered for Rose-Hulman students by the Department of Physics and OpticalEngineering (PHOE) and Department of Applied Biology and Biomedical Engineering, whichcover the basic principles and practice of photonics, laser physics and nanoscience to addressfundamental questions in health science.We have organized and managed research on biophotonics and nanomedicine at RHIT for sixyears (2004-2010), during which time 40 undergraduate students have participated in a widerange of cancer-related projects. Currently, we are developing a

Conference Session

Structural Education Applications in Architectural Engineering

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sinead MacNamara, Syracuse University

Tagged Divisions

Architectural

answered these questions at all often cited buildings on the SU campus and the same Page 22.1509.3three case studies they had encountered in previous courses. The same study foundarchitecture students to have a more applied knowledge of structural engineering than did
 2
their engineering counterparts, for example engineers were more likely to know theformula for a parabola but architects were more likely to know that it was the correctshape for a uniformly loaded arch to be in compression.9In the role of project manager and creative director the architect needs to

Conference Session

Focus on Entry Experiences in Chemical Engineering

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brian J. Anderson, West Virginia University; Robin S. Hissam, West Virginia University; Joseph A. Shaeiwitz, West Virginia University; Richard Turton, West Virginia University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

would also be suitable for assignments or projects in unit operations classes or as problem assignments for the portion of a design class where optimization is taught. Table 1: Available Optimization Problems Single Variable Multi-variable ProjectsPipe diameter (2) Absorber Generic chemical process (2)Reactor/preheater (2) Batch reactor/preheater Geothermal energy (2)Reflux ratio Staged compressors Fuel production from biomass (4) Page 22.1127.2Problem 1: Staged

Conference Session

Computational Tools

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Murat Tanyel, Geneva College

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

AC 2011-1464: PUTTING BELLS & WHISTLES ON DSP TOOLKIT OFLABVIEWMurat Tanyel, Geneva College Murat Tanyel is a professor of engineering at Geneva College. He teaches upper level electrical engineer- ing courses. Prior to teaching at Geneva College, Dr. Tanyel taught at Dordt College in Sioux Center, IA. He started his career at Drexel University where he worked for the Enhanced Educational Experience for Engineering Students (E4) project, setting up and teaching laboratory and hands-on computer exper- iments for engineering freshmen and sophomores. For one semester, he was also a visiting professor at the United Arab Emirates University in Al-Ain, UAE where he helped set up an innovative introductory

Conference Session

Best of Computers in Education Division

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kyle D. Lutes, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Teresa A. Shanklin, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

experience using smartphone specific features such as GPS,cameras, accelerometers, multi-touch screens, and tiny QWERTY keyboards.For example, one student had been developing her semester project for many weeks using adevice simulator only. Since the simulator mapped the PC’s physical keyboard to the mobiledevice, the student had never attempted to input text using the device’s on-screen keyboard. Herapplication was data entry intensive, and she didn’t realize how unusable her application wasuntil the final project presentation when we required all students to demonstrate their projects onreal devices.Our initial batch of 15 Pocket PC PDAs were provided by Microsoft. Other funding sources,including corporate gift funds and department equipment funds