Conference Session

Cooperative and Experiential Education Division (CEED) Poster Session

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Grace Lynn Baldwin Kan-uge; Carol S. Stwalley, Purdue University ; Robert Merton Stwalley III P.E., Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative and Experiential Education Division (CEED)

what needs to be done to keep thoseitems flowing through the organization. It’s technical, because I have to know what I’m dealingwith and what the part can do, but it’s also about people. I have to be able to work and interfacewith others to move the assemblies along. I have to be able to keep track of the different contactsthat I’ve made along the way. I am still polishing the soft skills from Rising Scholars.” Rising Scholar Gamma (Engineering Technologist) “The summer before I graduated, I managed to land an internship with the Vulcraft divisionof Nucor, here in Indiana. I had a good round of interviews and managed to make it to the finalpart of the process with three companies. I picked

Conference Session

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM) Technical Session 23

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Talha Naqash, Utah State University, Logan ; Oenardi Lawanto, Utah State University; Zain ul Abideen, Utah State University; Angela Minichiello, Utah State University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM)

Engineering Criteria, as well as various other accreditation models [2]. When reshapingcontemporary engineering education, several elements deserve attention. These decisions areinfluenced by evolving industry needs and societal context. Interdisciplinary learning, integratingfields like data science and entrepreneurship, is crucial for holistic problem–solving. Soft skills suchas communication, teamwork, and leadership are essential for effective collaboration [3].Notably, the emphasis on the evaluation of students' engagement and performance through moderntechnological means, including the analysis of facial expressions, signifies a substantial evolution inengineering education. This transformation constitutes the fifth major paradigm shift within

Conference Session

Aerospace Division (AERO) Technical Session 2

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kathryn Anne Wingate, University of Colorado Boulder; Marcus Holzinger, University of Colorado Boulder

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace Division (AERO)

). Shortsummaries of the ‘growth’ and ‘sentiment’ Likert scores used in the prompt are: - Growth: The student indicated or demonstrated growth in their ability to work in a team, in technical skills, or in soft skills. They overcame a challenge or tough experience. They learned about themselves and/or the world around them. They are better prepared for their future career. If the comment does not indicate or demonstrate growth (or lack thereof), please select 3.0. - Sentiment: The student comment indicated or demonstrated a positive or negative sentiment towards the course, the instructor, the project, or the team. Constructive feedback is neutral (3.0); you are assessing the student comment sentiment, not

Conference Session

AI and Tools for Transdisciplinary Work

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Elana Goldenkoff, University of Michigan; Erin A. Cech, University of Michigan

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society Division (LEES)

accompany its advancementand deployment. While some students feel equipped to handle these challenges, the majority feelunprepared to manage these complex situations in their professional work. Additionally, studentsreported that the ethical concerns involved in the development and application of technologieslike AI is often not included in curricula or is viewed as “soft skills” that are not as important as“technical” knowledge. Although some students we interviewed shared the sense of apathytoward these topics that they see from their engineering program, most were eager to receivemore training in AI ethics. These results underscore the pressing need for engineering educationprograms, including graduate programs, to integrate comprehensive ethics

Conference Session

Biomedical Engineering Division (BED) Technical Session 3

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mercedes Terry, University of North Dakota; Enrique Alvarez Vazquez, University of North Dakota; Dan Ewert, University of North Dakota; Ryan Striker, University of North Dakota

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical Engineering Division (BED)

most perceived growth was "speaking clearlyand coherently during oral presentations," and the lowest was "coding/programming." Table1 lists all average perceived growth scores for each skill. Interestingly, learning technical skillssuch as coding was the top-trending theme for what skills UG students hoped to gain from theproject, followed by project understanding and professional and soft skill enhancement.However, coding/programming scored the lowest in perceived growth, suggesting a demand anda need to implement more opportunities for UG students to engage with technical developmentskills, specifically in coding. However, coding is a difficult skill to learn for students, especiallyfor UG students who have not yet developed the skills

Conference Session

International Division (INTL) Technical Session: Cultural Perspectives

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Allison Biewenga, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Jennifer Deboer, Purdue University; Stephanie Claussen, San Francisco State University; Kirsten A. Davis, Purdue University; David Owuor Gicharu, Tumaini Innovation Vocational Training Center; Gladys Jeptoo Kerebey, Tumaini Innovation Vocational Training Center

Tagged Divisions

International Division (INTL)

Learning hasalso been shown to improve students’ confidence, school engagement, and mental health(Greenberg et al., 2017). Additionally, students tend to benefit long-term and are better preparedfor higher education, more successful in their careers, and more engaged citizens (Greenberg etal., 2017). Tumaini students appear to reap many of these benefits: they felt that they were a partof a supportive community and that they learned a lot about themselves such as how to controltheir emotions, how to be comfortable with themselves, and how to express themselves. Since itis very important that students fully complete their industrial attachments to maximize theirbenefits from the program, the fact that students possess these soft skills speaks

Conference Session

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM) Technical Session 5

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Duc Anh Vu Trinh, University of South Florida; Dhinesh Balaji Radhakrishnan, Purdue University ; Chris S. Ferekides, University of South Florida

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM)

engineering education," EnvironmentTechnology Resources Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference, vol.3, p. 253, 2019, doi: 10.17770/etr2019vol3.4118. [11] G. Gidion and R. O. Buchal, "Fostering teamwork skills using collaboration software in engineering design education," Proceedings of the Canadian Engineering Education Association (CEEA), 2013, doi: 10.24908/pceea.v0i0.4845. [12] J. Schleiss, M. Bieber, A. Manukjan, L. Kellner, and S. Stober, "An Interdisciplinary Competence Profile for AI in Engineering," 2022, doi: 10.5821/conference- 9788412322262.1288. [13] S. Nicola, C. Pinto, and J. Mendonca, "The role of education on the acquisition of 21st century soft skills by

Conference Session

Engineering Libraries Division (ELD) Technical Session 4

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Uri Feldman, Wentworth Institute of Technology; Callie Cherry, Wentworth Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Libraries Division (ELD)

the students on AI Literacy so they can analyze and interpret the syntheticallygenerated outputs.The course “Introduction to the Engineering Experience” is a required course offered every Fallsemester to all first-year engineering students at our university. The course is grounded on theapproach of Raymond Landis, who coined the term World Class Engineering Student (WCES)[10]. The approach focuses on development of soft skills including collaboration, reflection, peerreview, and time management; skills which are increasingly recognized as an important part ofstudent development and success in engineering education, and essential in the development of aWCES [11]. In the Fall of 2023 semester, the AI literacy module was added and delivered

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Emmabeth Parrish Vaughn, Austin Peay State University; Lily Skau, Austin Peay State University; Bobette Dawn Bouton, Austin Peay State University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

, tangential soft skill) Reports assessed for Reports excluded as not related to at least empathy eligibility: 56 one of the three constructs of empathy: 7 Article excluded as relating only to STEM education generally:1 Studies included in review: 48Figure 2: PRISMA showing the identification, screening, and selection process for thissystematic review.Analysis After reading the 48 articles, our research team identified three emerging themes:Empathy in Teaching and Learning, the Role of Empathy in Engineering, and Empathy inEngineering Design. When determining the category

Conference Session

NEE Technical Session 1 - Educator's Tools

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Laura Savage, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators Division (NEE)

analysis was performedafterward for homework, either individually or in groups according to the students’ preference.Related Literature Compared to the hundreds of works available on the use of digital games inundergraduate education, less than 30 can be found studying analog or board games [2]. Ofthose, only a few deal with complex STEM topics, including one examining a game aboutfossilization and another with a game about public health biology. Results in these studies havebeen overall positive, particularly in the development of soft skills such as communication orteamwork. Some studies, such as that of Clark et al., examined the effectiveness of game design, notjust game play, in improving students’ learning outcomes as well as

Conference Session

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM) Technical Session 2

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joanna Tsenn, Texas A&M University; Jonathan Weaver-Rosen, Texas A&M University; Mohammad Waqar Mohiuddin; Shadi Balawi, Texas A&M University; Carlos R. Corleto, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM)

engineers," Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 88, no. 8, pp. 1367-1370, 2000.[2] L. Small, K. Shacklock, and T. Marchant, "Employability: a contemporary review for higher education stakeholders," Journal of Vocational Education & Training, vol. 70, no. 1, pp. 148-166, 2018.[3] R. J. Marandi, B. K. Smith, R. F. Burch, and S. C. Vick, "Engineering soft skills vs. engineering entrepreneurial skills," The International Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 988-998, 2019.[4] H. Jang, "Identifying 21st century STEM competencies using workplace data," Journal of Science Education and Technology, vol. 25, pp. 284-301, 2016.[5] L. Ballesteros-Sanchez, I. Ortiz-Marcos, and R. Rodriguez-Rivero

Conference Session

First-Year Programs Division WIPS 2: Students and Peer Mentors

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Leslie Bartsch Massey, University of Arkansas; Chris Cagle

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs Division (FYP)

fornumber writing and the handling of significant figures, alongside comprehensive treatment ofunit conversions and dimensional analysis. Additionally, the course teaches practical Excel skills,including techniques such as data sorting, filtering, and basic statistical computation, as well asthe creation of charts and graphs.Furthermore, students are introduced to logical functions for data analysis, and are equipped withthe tools of goal seek and solver for the analysis of linear optimization challenges.Complementary to these technical competencies, the course also addresses a suite of soft skills,including an introduction to artificial intelligence and navigation of library resources withemphasis on academic integrity, plagiarism avoidance

Collection

2022 CIEC

Authors

Paniz Hazaveh; Aleksandr Sergeyev; Nathir Rawashdeh

13 CH 21 CH 14 CH design, sensors, actuators, system theory, mechatronic materials) 4- General topics (business administration, project management, team and 25 CH 28 CH 33 CH 29 CH 38 CH personal leading, presentation techniques, languages, soft skills) 5- Internship 0 0 0 0 10 CH 6- Bachelor thesis/ enterprise/Senior Design 6 CH 6 CH 6 CH 6 CH 9 CH Total number of CH 122 CH 120 CH 120 CH 120.6 CH 144 CH Proceedings of the 2022 Conference

Collection

2023 ASEE GSW

Authors

Akila Ravichandran; Kiran Katira; Tariq Khraishi

with civic bodies orpublic organizations which is a new soft skill set for the students involved. Nagel et al. (2019)discuss in their paper design courses at James Madison University intended to help the localcommunity through student engagement in projects benefiting the locals. The paper is particularlyfocused on second-year course for the design, development, and delivery of human-poweredvehicles for individuals with disabilities. The course incorporates experiential, problem-basedlearning and active learning pedagogies to teach sophomore engineering students engineeringdesign fundamentals. Lu et al. (2018) presented a paper involving their land-grant university anda created course encompassing three majors (distribution logistics

Collection

2023 ASEE GSW

Authors

Nathan K. Mitchell; Aburi Anil Kumar

underdeveloped and causing problems for women and people ofcolor in the “real” world. A better question might be asked of our students if we should havedeveloped this technology at all?The What Else and Why? GTR challenges students to ask questions related to appropriatecommunication. As applied to engineering education, faculty members might ask students to thinkabout the best way to communicate a finding to different cultural audiences, stakeholders withdiverse backgrounds, or clients with differing abilities. Students need to “slow down” theircommunication to be deliberate with their word choice and phrasing the make the most effectiveimpact.7 It is important to develop and practice these critical “soft skills” in a classroom setting, sothey can

Collection

2024 ASEE North East Section

Authors

Naser Haghbin, Fairfield University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

. Significant resources are required,including faculty training and creating collaborative learning environments. Overcoming thesechallenges involves leveraging technology for virtual collaboration and developing facultyworkshops on PBL pedagogy. These strategies have effectively facilitated the transition to PBL,ensuring that faculty and students can fully engage with this innovative approach to learning [8]. The effectiveness of PBL in engineering education has been further validated throughevaluations of PBL initiatives. For instance, an assessment revealed that students involved inPBL projects developed a deeper understanding of the subject matter and exhibited increasedmotivation to learn. Moreover, these students enhanced their soft skills

Collection

2024 ASEE-GSW

Authors

Sanjoy K. Bhattacharia, West Texas A&M University; Fisseha Meresa Alemayehu, West Texas A&M University; Tyresse Xavier Law, West Texas A&M University; Saman Aria, West Texas A&M University

theories and skills they have learned with the real-world challenges and problem-solving techniques that they will experience in industry. Collaborative capstone projects inparticular, allow students to experience working in a group setting2. This allows students to developteamwork and communication skills and other soft skills that employers today often value overacademic abilities3,4. These projects can help students stand out as desirable employees and potentialleaders in their field or company as well as to improve their ability to grapple with arduouschallenges5,6. Moreover, the incorporation of capstone projects has demonstrated an enhancement inteam collaboration and the ability to cultivate leadership skills through self-directed projects7

Collection

2024 ASEE North Central Section Conference

Authors

Matthew Cavalli, Western Michigan University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

engineering graduates regularly provide theirperspective regarding the importance of skills beyond math and science for career success.Sometimes referred to as ‘soft’ skills or ‘professional skills’ these traits are also referred to in theliterature as ‘transversal competencies’3. In 2005, Martin et al. reported on a study with a small 1 Proceedings of the 2024 ASEE North Central Section Conference Copyright © 2024, American Society for Engineering Educationgroup of chemical engineering graduates in South Africa who self-assessed their preparation inboth technical expertise and transversal competencies after

Collection

2023 ASEE Midwest Section Conference

Authors

Stephen C. Donnelly; Savanah G. Godwin; Nghi K. Ngo; Kaleb B. Manley; Edgar C. Clausen

performed to collect experimental height vs. timemeasurements that were compared to model data generated from a Bernoulli balance and themeasured discharge coefficients. The experimental and model data agreed very well,demonstrating the validity of the procedures used in the experiment and in the development ofthe model.Keywordslaboratory, fluid mechanics, experimentation, modeling, tank draining, orificeIntroductionThe undergraduate laboratory is an essential part of the engineering curriculum because itintroduces the student to engineering equipment and hands-on activities while illustrating manyof the concepts that are taught in the classroom. At the same time, lab is often used to buildimportant soft skills such as teamwork and oral and written

Collection

2024 ASEE Midwest Section Conference

Authors

Jose L. Vega; Michael W. Mourot; Edgar C. Clausen

March 14 Mourot Behavior-based interviews March 26 Mourot Job search and interviewing; guest speaker © American Society for Engineering Education, 2024 2024 ASEE Midwest Section Conference March 28 Mourot Soft skills, social styles April 2 Vega Essence of leadership April 4 Vega Learning about you and your results April 9 Vega Leading others April 11 Vega Organizing for innovation April 16 Boyd Starting and leading your own company April 18 Industry panel Examples of leadership in industry

Collection

2024 ASEE PSW Conference

Authors

Sunai Kim, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona; Yasser Salem; Tamer Omar, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona; Deify Law

competition occurred in October 2023, the bulk of the original designstudents had graduated.Overall ExperienceParticipating in the OCSD competition was an enriching and enjoyable experience for most of the studentparticipants. They appreciated the hands-on experience and enjoyed giving tours. They learned to appreciatethe importance of multidisciplinary collaboration and they built lasting friendships. They grew, bothpersonally and professionally. Many talked about enduring long hours and long commutes together withtheir teammates, but they also gained leadership experience, technical and soft skills, and felt they hadimproved their career paths. Some students have already incorporated the project on their resumes to discusswith employers. In general

Conference Session

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM) Technical Session 17

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Zachary Miller, University of South Alabama; Sean Walker, University of South Alabama; Rachel Chai, University of South Alabama

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM)

students and maintaining enrollment. SI programs are not unique to theUniversity of South Alabama and other universities, but the adaptations made during SIprograms and training during the unprecedented COVID period are of quiet value. and Theunderstanding of factors and their impact on retention and academic unit costs can be applied toother similarly sized state institutions.Background At the University of South Alabama, the chosen student instructors delivering SI areindividuals who have previously taken the course, demonstrated great academic performance,and possess exceptional soft skills. Great academic achievement is indicated by the achievementof an “A” (90-100) in the course, and typically, a faculty member identifies these

Conference Session

College Industry Partnerships Division (CIP) Technical Session 1

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Reem Khojah, University of California, San Diego; Alyssa Catherine Taylor, University of California, San Diego; Isgard S. Hueck, University of California, San Diego

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

College Industry Partnerships Division (CIP)

skilldevelopment. We appreciate the participation of industry partners towards optimizing theeducational experience, including professional preparedness of bioengineering undergraduatestudents and the engagement in continuous program improvement.References[1] Hadgraft, R.G., & A. Kolmos (2020). ”Emerging learning environments in engineering education”, Australasian Journal of Engineering Education, 25:1, 3-16, DOI: 10.1080/22054952.2020.1713522[2] Hirudayaraj, M., Baker, R., Baker, F., & M. Eastman (2021). “Soft skills for entry-level engineers: What employers want”, Education Sciences, 11, 641-675. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci11100641[3] Kolmos, A., & J. E. Holgaard (2019). “Employability in Engineering Education: Are

Conference Session

Women in Engineering Division (WIED) Technical Session 1 - Women in Computing

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tiana Solis, Florida International University; Stephen Secules, Florida International University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering Division (WIED)

UTAs aware of non-technicalteaching aspects and the dynamics of the classroom environment. The course covers fundamentalaspects such as FERPA (Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act) basics, Cybersecurity, andKognito, a practice-based digital learning tool to improve mental health and well-being ineducational settings [11]. Emphasizing the importance of soft skills, the training equips UTAswith social abilities for interacting effectively with students and recognizing potential challengesstudents may face. This is crucial given that UTAs often engage with students in their age group.Professors are actively involved in preparing UTAs, holding weekly meetings to ensure readinessfor leading lab sessions, and imparting skills to manage the

Conference Session

MECH - Technical Session 5: Virtual Learning and Technology Integration

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Pooya Niksiar, The Citadel; Blakeley Hunter Odom, The Citadel

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering Division (MECH)

empowering women inengineering/technology: A case of success at Northen Kentucky University (NKU) andCincinnati State Technical and Community College (CSTCC)”, Proceedings of the 2020 IEMSConference, 26, 88-97, December 2022.[3] D. Che, D. Clark, D. Shaw, G. James. (2012). “Lessons Learned from Starting an SAE BajaProgram in a Small Liberal Arts College”. ASEE, June 2012.[4] P. C. Wang et al., “Robotics Mentorship as a Cross-Disciplinary Platform to FosterEngineering Soft Skills”, ASEE, June 2023.[5] https://docs.aws.amazon.com/deepracer/latest/developerguide/deepracer-console-train-evaluate-models.html#deepracer-train-models-define-reward-function[6] https://blog.deepracing.io/2023/03/01/join-the-aws-deepracer-league-2023/#more-1361[7] https

Conference Session

Cooperative and Experiential Education Division (CEED) Technical Session 4

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Laurie Sutch, University of Michigan

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative and Experiential Education Division (CEED)

and Employers, 2023. [Online]. Available: naceweb.org[5] C. Stewart, A. Wall, and S. Marciniec, “Mixed Signals: Do College Graduates Have the Soft Skills That Employers Want?,” Compet. Forum, vol. 14, pp. 276–281, Jan. 2016.[6] S. Eisner, “Grave New World? Workplace Skills for Today’s College Graduates,” Am. J. Bus. Educ., vol. 3, no. 9, pp. 27–50, 2010.[7] C. S. E. Woodcock, J. Callewaert, and J. Millunchick, “Synthesizing definitions of professional competencies linked to experiential learning in engineering education: a literature review,” J. High. Educ. Theory Pract., vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 123–146, 2021.[8] D. Kolb, Experiential Learning: Experience as the source of Learning and Development Second Edition. 2015.

Collection

2024 CIEC

Authors

Carmen Cioc; Noela Haughton; Sorin Cioc

evaluations oftheir classmates' projects. Sample of such assignments, either projects, or weekly assignments, orsurveys, that support elevating essential EM engineering skills are highlighted below; some wereassigned as individual work, while others as teamwork. → MET 3100 and MET 4100: Pre- Engineering Skills SurveyWithin the first week of the semester, all students enrolled in both courses were invited tovoluntary participate in a comprehensive 76-question survey. This survey focused on assessingtheir soft skill proficiencies, such as collaboration, teamwork, curiosity, networking, informationliteracy, and their capacity to generate value. Proceedings of the 2024 Conference for Industry and Education Collaboration

Conference Session

Cooperative and Experiential Education Division (CEED) Technical Session 3

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lufan Wang, Florida International University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative and Experiential Education Division (CEED)

. Bothemployers and students acknowledge that communication skill is the most important quality inconstruction. However, the results demonstrated a gap in perceptions of the hard skills betweenemployers and students. Prior work experience and solid construction core skills and knowledgeare both ranked in the least 5 important qualities by employers, but they are ranked relatively highby students (ranked number 7 and 6, respectively). This discrepancy suggests a misalignmentbetween what students perceive as important for their professional development and the actualindustry expectations. In traditional engineering education, soft skills such as presentation,interpersonal skills, and time management are often overlooked. However, these abilities

Conference Session

Software Engineering Division (SWED) Technical Session #2

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Elise Deitrick, Codio; Maura Lyons, Codio; Joshua Richard Coughlin Stowell Ball, Codio

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Software Engineering Division (SWED)

programming courses and increased satisfaction and enjoyment whenprogramming [13].Though some instructors worry about equal distribution of work, research has found thatindividual performance on exams is similar when using pair or solo programming [13].Additionally, students might immediately push back against pair programming because theymust practice soft skills that might not be typically associated with programming [14]. However,if instructors continue to use pair programming in their courses, students will manage thetransition from solitary work to pair work, and they will benefit from it.Active Learning Shifting Textbooks and Asynchronous LearningStudents had very limited access to information when textbooks first became an educational tool,so

Conference Session

Design in Engineering Education Division (DEED) - Assessment of Design Projects and Approaches to Capstone Courses

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Behzad Beigpourian, University of Tehran; Hannah Budinoff, The University of Arizona; Philipp Gutruf, The University of Arizona; K. Larry Head, The University of Arizona

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education Division (DEED)

: 10.1111/j.1949- 8594.1992.tb12159.x.[26] R. M. Felder and R. Brent, “Random thoughts: Hard assessment of soft skills,” Chem. Eng. Educ., vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 63–64, 2010.[27] T. Y. Pang, A. Kootsookos, K. Fox, and E. Pirogova, “Does an assessment rubric provide a better learning experience for undergraduates in developing transferable skills?,” J. Univ. Teach. Learn. Pract., vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 1–27, 2022.[28] D. D. Stevens and A. J. Levi, Introduction to rubrics: An assessment tool to save grading time, convey effective feedback, and promote student learning. Sterling, VA, USA.: Stylus Publishing, 2013.[29] R. Bailey, Z. Szabo, and D. Sabers, “Assessing student learning about engineering design in project-based courses