Conference Session

Design in Engineering Education Division (DEED) - Engineering Design and First-Year Education

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

MD B. Sarder, Bowling Green State University; Mohammad Mayyas, Bowling Green State University; Mohammed Abouheaf, Bowling Green State University; Gül E. Kremer, University of Dayton

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education Division (DEED)

practical ideas and classroom units for the upcoming school year. 2. Conducting research and expanding knowledge in robotics courses. 3. Spending significant time in a lab environment to solve problems and inform curriculum development. 4. Creating engaging content for students. 5. Learning from experts on specific topics and collaboratively creating materials for their classes. 6. To experience 3-D design and delving deeper into the process and implementation. 7. Exploring logistics and supply chain automation.Among the potential avenues to improve classroom instruction, educators included the following: 1. Identifying learning objectives, planning specific learning activities, and starting with a broader perspective

Conference Session

New Trends in ECE Education

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

Edward Gehringer

Ramachandran,who wrote the Web-based program that collected the reports on students’ perceptions of theirpartners, as well as Dr. Laurie Williams, their supervisor. Nagappan was funded by NSF DUECCLI grant #0088178. Ramachandran was funded by the Center for Advanced Computing andCommunication (CACC), a membership-based industry/university cooperative research centerco-located at North Carolina State University and Duke University. The statistical analyses wereperformed by Janet L. Bartz, a graduate student in statistics, under the supervision of Dr.Christopher Basten.Bibliography[1] L. A. Williams, “Pair programming,” http://www4.ncsu.edu/~lawilli3/PP/PairProgramming.pdf[2] L. A. Williams, “The Collaborative Software Process PhD Dissertation

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Engineering Division (MULTI) Technical Session 2

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jenna Wong, P.E., San Francisco State University; Zhaoshuo Jiang, San Francisco State University; Robert Petrulis; Wenshen Pong, P.E., San Francisco State University; Xiaorong Zhang, San Francisco State University; David Quintero, San Francisco State University; Fatemeh Khalkhal; Yiyi Wang, San Francisco State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering Division (MULTI)

Lawrence National Laboratory focusing on com- putational analysis for nonlinear seismic analysis of Department of Energy nuclear facilities and systems. After joining SFSU in 2016, she established an active research lab at SFSU with a diverse group of under- graduate and Master’s level students. For her engineering education research, she is interested in exploring how to use technology such as virtual reality and 3D printing to enhance student engagement. She is an active member of ASCE, ASEE, and SEAONC.Dr. Zhaoshuo Jiang, San Francisco State University Zhaoshuo Jiang graduated from the University of Connecticut with a Ph.D. degree in Civil Engineer- ing. Before joining San Francisco State University as an assistant

Conference Session

Assessment & Quality; Accreditation in Engineering Education

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Melissa Eljamal; Matthew Mayhew; Eric Dey; Stella Pang

University of Michigan: Strategies and Preliminary Results.” Presented at the University of Rhode Island, 6th Annual Conference on International Engineering Education, Providence, RI14. Mayhew, M.J. & Landreman, L. (2004). “Exploring engineering students’ decisions to engage in international experiences: A grounded theory.” Presented at the American Educational Research Association. San Diego, CA.15. Bennett, M.J. (1993). “Towards Ethnorelativism: A Developmental Model of Intercultural Sensitivity.” In Paige, R.M. (Ed.) Education for the intercultural experience (2nd ed.).Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press, 1- 51.16. Eljamal, M.B., Mayhew, M.J., Pang, S.W., & Dey, E. (2003). “Gaining a

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Technical Session: Capstone and Design

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Stephen Andrew Wilkerson P.E., York College of Pennsylvania; Stephen Andrew Gadsden, University of Guelph; Kala Meah, York College of Pennsylvania; Donald Jerome Hake II, York College of Pennsylvania

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

design solution. During the first semester, the students present their research to one another with potential solutions to problems. Faculty act as moderators attempting to keep the students on track, and within some reasonable budget. The big question for this project was whether to use an equatorial3 or altitude azimuth4 design for the telescope’s rotation. The equatorial is a far simpler design for tracking the stars as it only needs to rotate about one axis once it is set up. However, the mechanical issues were far more difficult, and an altitude azimuth arrangement was chosen. Fortunately for this project, the students continued to work on the design issues through the fall semester while they were doing their last

Collection

2001 Annual Conference

Authors

Joseph Betit; William Swart; Sushil Chaturvedi; Gary Crossman

conference entitled “Research and Engineering Education in a Global Society.”Participants identified best practices, discussed strategies, and formulated a declaration forachieving goals in engineering education and global research cooperation, with a view tobuilding a global society in the next century.5 Joining in this call for change was the NationalScience Foundation, which encouraged mutual and beneficial cooperation with other countries inits publication NSF Engineering: The Long View.6Universities in general have long supported the view that an international experience is avaluable part of education. However, such an experience is more difficult in a program of studyfor engineers than some other disciplines. Consider, for example, that 43% of

Conference Session

Best Practices in Interdisciplinary Entrepreneurship and Innovation Programs

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William Birmingham, Grove City College; Blair Allison, Grove City College; James Dupree, Grove City College

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

marketsand understanding customer needs. They also learned to appreciate each other’s disciplines.There were problems, however. It was difficult to get the students to work together (we call it the Page 12.681.2junior-high dance syndrome), the students tended to over optimize their components withoutregard for the product as a whole, and they did not fully appreciate the constraints of workingwith existing intellectual property as well as existing engineering and manufacturingconsiderations.Moreover, the class provided insight, stimulation, and an opportunity for faculty to collaborate inthe design, development, and execution of a course that

Conference Session

Hands-on Active Learning

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Aurenice Menezes Oliveira, Michigan Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

ahands-on component. The author of this paper doesn’t disagree with this argument. The goal ofthis article is to provide additional insights and definitions of the active learning approaches usedin face-to-face electrical engineering technology (EET) courses, offer suggestions forimplementing additional active learning methods, cooperative learning and problem-basedlearning, as well as encouraging learning and engagement among students in EET hands-oncourses. The reality is that in many cases, EET faculty members apply their own version ofactive learning methods without the knowledge of the terminology, research in education, andbody of literature available on the subject.The suggestions provided in this paper, while confirming principles and

Conference Session

Industrial Engineering Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Leonardo Bedoya-Valencia, Colorado State University, Pueblo; Yaneth Correa-Martinez, Colorado State University, Pueblo; Katherine Sofía Palacio, Fundacion Universidad del Norte; Luceny Guzman Acuña, Universidad del Norte

Tagged Divisions

Industrial Engineering

developing stochastic and probability reasoning; 3) students’ attitudes towardsstatistics courses, among other aspects.In order to be able to design the different modules, first an analysis of the objectives of eachcourse and their relationship to the student learning outcomes was performed. Both theIndustrial Engineering Department at Universidad del Norte in Colombia and the Department ofEngineering at Colorado State University – Pueblo in the United States are accredited by theAccreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET), the business college at the UnitedStates is accredited by the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB).The School of Business at Colorado State University – Pueblo teaches BUSAD 265

Conference Session

Enhancing K-12 STEM Education with Engineering

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Virginia Westheider, University of Cincinnati; Patrick Brown, University of Cincinnati

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

. Page 15.1299.2IntroductionThe National Science Foundation (NSF) Research Experience for Teachers (RET) described inthis paper is funded under a multi-campus NSF Center of Excellence in an urban environment.The project for 2008-2009 was to address the: Need for more students and graduates in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) Need for more women in STEM fields Need for better understanding of the role of engineers in industry and society Need for better relationships among higher education and local high school teachers.According to United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, June 28, 2007, the need for scientists andengineers is projected to increase by 22% as a whole between 2004 and 2014

Conference Session

Committee on Educational Policy Presents: Holistic Program Topics

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kevin Haas, Georgia Institute of Technology; Alexandra C. Muscalus, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; Ellen Zerbe, Georgia Institute of Technology; Robert Benjamin Simon, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering Division (CIVIL)

Education Conference. https://doi.org/10.1109/FIE.2011.6143000Lutz, B., & Paretti, M. C. (2021). Exploring the Social and Cultural Dimensions of Learning for Recent Engineering Graduates during the School-to-Work Transition. Engineering Studies, 13(2), 132–157. https://doi.org/10.1080/19378629.2021.1957901Mora, H., Signes-Pont, M. T., Fuster-Guilló, A., & Pertegal-Felices, M. L. (2020). A collaborative working model for enhancing the learning process of science & engineering students. Computers in Human Behavior, 103, 140–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.09.008National Academy Of Engineering. (2004). The Engineer of 2020: Visions of Engineering in the New Century. In Engineering. National Academies

Conference Session

Community Engagement Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Chelsea Cefalu, Lafayette College ; Arthur D. Kney, Lafayette College

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Community Engagement Division

collaborationwith elementary school professionals measure the success of these goals. Collaborators includestudents and faculty from a college level civil and environmental engineering class and student,faculty, and administrators from two different elementary schools. Research is conducted withelementary school students and teachers and college faculty and students enrolled in specifiedcommunity-based learning and research courses at Lafayette College. These courses are part ofLandis Center for Community Engagement-sponsored program, Connected Classrooms.Connected Classrooms partnerships pair college classrooms with elementary school classrooms.College faculty and elementary school faculty collaboratively determine where the academiccontent of their

Conference Session

Manufacturing Education Innovation and Assessment

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Donna Qualters, Northeastern University; Jacqueline Isaacs, Northeastern University; Thomas Cullinane, Northeastern University; Ann McDonald, Northeastern University; Jay Laird, Metaversal Studios

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

, engineering studentsin particular have been shown to have a preference for active, visual, hands-on learning10-13.While previous generations have valued solitary contributions, today’s students are communal intheir learning style. Ron Zemke14 has characterized these students as “leave no one behindattitude”. This is a generation brought up with cooperative and collaborative learning modelsfrom kindergarten.Environmental and Economic Tradeoffs Within Supply ChainsIn determining a model industry in which to explore the research questions, the U.S. automotiveindustry seemed the most likely choice. Car manufacturing relies on hundreds of suppliers forcomponents and materials to manufacture vehicles, with emissions released to air, water, and

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Adrian Villalta-Cerdas; Faruk Yildiz, Sam Houston State University

chair of the department to assistantprofessors and lecturers in engineering) and one educational research faculty (from thedepartment of chemistry). The course design process started with a literature review onengineering bridge courses to understand prior work, followed by surveying current engineeringfaculty to propose goals for the course. The designed team met weekly after setting the coursegoals over two semesters. The design process was initiated with backward design principles (i.e.,start with the course goals, then the assessments, end with the learning activities) and continuedwith ongoing revision. The work herein presents this new engineering bridge course’s goals,strategy, and design process. Preliminary student outcomes will be

Conference Session

Construction 2: Teaching Using Projects, Case Studies, and Service Learning

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert B. Austin, Bowling Green State University

Tagged Divisions

Construction

), BGSU’s performance fellconsistently below the national average. The reasons for this decline, according to programfaculty, staff, and students, included marginalization of the capstone course in the curriculum,lax enforcement of course prerequisites, inconsistent exam weighting, and student apathy. Thesubstandard results appeared not to be due to insufficient student engagement outside of theclassroom, given that the program offers three cooperative education opportunities, inter-collegiate student academic competitions, and an active industry advisory board. Rather, itseemed that there was room for improving student engagement in program coursework.Student engagement is associated with student retention (Astin 1993, 1999) and may help

Conference Session

Stories, Communication, and Convergence in Engineering Education

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kathryn A. Neeley, University of Virginia; Rider W. Foley, California State University, Channel Islands; Andrew Li; Rebecca Jun, University of Virginia

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society Division (LEES)

and non-technical dimensions of engineering and transformingengineering education so that it more effectively prepares graduates for workplace success.Previous research suggested that interest in “Engineering and …” permeates ASEE and isconcentrated in but not limited to the division most closely associated with the topic. This paperdescribes a transferable method that combines quantitative and qualitative methods to identifyareas of convergence using papers published in the Leadership Development (LEAD) and theEngineering Entrepreneurship and Innovation (ENT) as evidence. These areas of convergenceare: (1) program design and effectiveness, (2) individual capabilities (including traits andthinking tools), (3) teams and groups, and (4

Conference Session

Modern Teaching Strategies in Engineering

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sangshin Park, University of Utah; Reza Kamali-Sarvestani, California State University, San Marcos; Jairo Giraldo, University of Utah; Hamed Nademi, California State University, San Marcos; Masood Parvania, University of Utah

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer Engineering Division (ECE)

employability in a dynamic and evolving job market.Moreover, CPS education fosters critical thinking, creativity, and collaborative skills, which areessential in addressing the interdisciplinary and complex problems of the 21st century [19].Thus, the addition of CPS modules in electrical engineering education is not only beneficial butimperative for preparing students to meet the demands and challenges of their future professionalcareers.ConclusionsThis research emphasizes the importance of understanding student perspectives through surveysto effectively integrate CPS modules into electrical engineering education. The findings reveal aclear demand for CPS knowledge among students, highlighting its relevance to their futurecareers and the engineering

Conference Session

Emerging Trends in Engineering Education Poster Session

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

E. Bernard White, George Mason University

of issues that are fueling the need for non-traditionalprograms as well as approaches that some institutions are taking to address the changing needs.We examine how the pool of students available for various types of majors is affected byprogram requirements for more traditional majors and examine the impact that non-traditionalprograms and their degree requirements are having on this pool. We conclude with a summaryof some of the types of challenges and opportunities that will continue to present themselves toprogram designers and administrators.2. Reasons for Declining Student Interest in Engineering and Computer Science MajorsFewer high school graduates are selecting computer science and engineering majors for anumber of reasons

Conference Session

Scaling class size and technology – New Engineering Educators Division

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Peggy C. Boylan-Ashraf, San Jose State University; John R. Haughery, Iowa State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

American Society for Engineering Education, 2018 Failure rates in engineering –does it have to do with class size?ABSTRACTNot everyone is meant to be an engineer, but more could be. The failure rate for engineeringstudents is unparalleled at San Jose State University. A staggering 40% of students inengineering do not make it through the first year and of those who make it, 30% would fail inmany of its fundamental courses. Engineering is not, nor should it be, an easy program.Traditionally, many researchers have argued that the primary reason why students fail in thesecourses is a lack of preparedness for the high level of academic rigors in engineering. While theaverage college course requires 2 hours of outside study for every one

Collection

AEE Journal

Authors

Martha Liliana Torres-Barreto; Ginna Paola Castro Castaño; Mileidy Alvarez Melgarejo

. gave a method for rationally tackling a real world problem and initiating a creative solution. (Fidalgo- A methodology that allows Madrid, España The effectiveness of the CBL method to Blanco, García- applying the CBL within the encourage cooperative work was observed. Peñalvo, and context of the subject “Computing Students share information, interact and Sein-Echaluce and Programming” of the Degree collaborate with each other, through the 2017) in Energy Engineering. discussion forums associated with each stage. (Yang

Conference Session

Recruiting/Retention--Lower Division

Collection

2002 Annual Conference

Authors

Charles Abaté; Ramesh Gaonkar

sessions . And inaddition, trainees undergo performance reviews twice a semester, conducted by all of theirmanagers. (Based on student feedback, it appears that they highly value these performancereviews.)Learning Community:Nationwide, the first-semester attrition rate in technology programs is around 50% (Internetsurvey); this figure is similar to the data reported at the Fall, 1997 New York State EngineeringTechnology Conference at Morrisville, NY. At our college, attrition exceeds 60% of the enteringclass. There are many reasons for such a high attrition rate, but they tend to fall primarily intotwo broad categories: academic and social maladjustments. There are many research studiesthat have examined the issues of retention (persistence), and

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James D. Sweeney, Oregon State University; Milo Koretsky, Oregon State University; Michelle Kay Bothwell, Oregon State University; Susan Bobbitt Nolen, University of Washington; Devlin Montfort, Oregon State University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

practices. Outcomes such as intention to stay orleave engineering along with reasons for doing so will be measured and related to measuredclimate variables.8. SummaryIn this paper, we have described progress in the second year of our RED efforts in CBEE inwhich we have worked to re-situate instruction and learning to create a more inclusive,professionally-based learning environment woven throughout both curricular and co-curricularexperiences for students. Within our design-based implementation research approach, it isdifficult (and perhaps unwise) to specifically envision how the activity systems in CBEE will betransformed by the end of this five-year project. We do, however, aspire to compiling, assessingand evaluating evidence over time that

Collection

2001 Annual Conference

Authors

P. Kelly Joyner; Teresa Larkin-Hein

college science courses and has argued that typicalclassrooms are "…competitive, selective, intimidating, and designed to winnow out all but the'top tier' … there is little attempt to create a sense of 'community' among average students ofscience" (p. 9). Hence, a traditional science classroom may present potential barriers that couldinhibit learning for some students. The active process of writing may provide one non-threatening mechanism through which students could reduce or even remove these barriers tolearning. Tobias 17 also indicates that writing can serve as a means to help students relieve theiranxiety and help them unlearn models and techniques that have proven scientifically unsound.This paper describes a novel technique for infusing

Collection

2013 North Midwest Section Meeting

Authors

Byron Garry; Suzette Burckhard

) should:1. Pose significant questions that can be answered empirically2. Link research to relevant theory3. Use methods that permit direct investigation of the question4. Provide a coherent and explicit chain of reasoning5. Replicate and generalize across studies6. Disclose research to encourage professional scrutiny and critique11The National Science Foundation has funded engineering education coalitions that have lookedspecifically at teaching of engineering. One was the Center for Advancement of EngineeringEducation (CAEE). Their final report from 2010 states that engineering faculty need to beeducators who are capable of using the research on the student experience. “This involves notonly preparing tomorrow‘s educators with conceptions of

Conference Session

Assessment of Community Engagement

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Theresa M. Vitolo, Gannon University; Karinna M Vernaza, Gannon University; Barry J Brinkman, Gannon University; Scott E Steinbrink, Gannon University

Tagged Divisions

Community Engagement Division

place for admission of new freshman students throughthe fall of 2016. At present, co-PIs are considering opportunities for weaning the SEECSprogram from NSF funding over the next four years. The university has promised to continue toprovide funds equal to NSF-granted funds to all continuing SEECS students at that time, butfollowing the graduation of freshmen admitted in 2013, SEECS funding will need to be replaced.In the interest of distancing the SEECS program from federal funding while also ensuring the Page 23.211.14continued existence of the program, several avenues need to be explored. Among those avenuesare: seeking corporate sponsorship

Conference Session

Faculty Development Round Table

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alexandra Coso Strong, Florida International University; Meagan R. Kendall, University of Texas, El Paso; Gemma Henderson, University of Miami; Ines Basalo, University of Miami

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Faculty Development Constituent Committee

acrossa curriculum, there exists an opportunity to engage instructional engineering faculty ineducational reform and broadening participation efforts. However, research is limited on theeffectiveness of different faculty development models for these faculty. Through the analysis ofsurvey data, the findings suggest that the workshop series described in this paper provided avenue for community building among participants and exposure to new techniques and ideas.Overall, this paper makes visible the experiences of these instructional faculty. Specifically, thefindings describe how the workshop supported instructional faculty to take strides towardsimproving the learning experiences of their students. The results have the potential to inform

Conference Session

Recruitment and Retention Topics

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Susan Lord, University of San Diego; Michelle Camacho, University of San Diego

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

creating a student-centered classroom context as a tool to enhance thelearning process. In this work, we explore the specific tactics used to achieve this goal.We begin the paper with a brief review of the tenets of feminist pedagogy. We then explore therelationship between engineering education and feminist approaches to teaching. Next, wedescribe our research method and data analysis from our study of how engineering faculty Page 12.1611.2describe effective teaching approaches. We conclude with a brief discussion of the implicationsof pedagogy for engineering education. 12. Feminist Pedagogy-what

Conference Session

Mathematics Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Norha M. Villegas, Universidad Icesi, Colombia - University of Victoria, Canada; Stephanie Celis Gallego, Universidad Icesi; Ivonne María Suárez, Universidad Icesi; Juliana Jaramillo JJO, Universidad Icesi; Angelica Burbano, Universidad Icesi; Alvaro Pachon, Universidad Icesi; Diego Antonio Bohorquez, Universidad Icesi; Lina Marcela Quintero P.E., Universidad Icesi; Isabel Echeverri, Universidad Icesi; Lady K. Castillo; Cesár Augusto Cuartas Rodríguez, Universidad Icesi

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

as institutions and student families. One important reason for thissituation is that the national education system does not focus on the development of STEMcompetencies. As a result, the motivation of engineering students in mathematics courses iscontinuously hampered because of deficiencies in prerequisites. This paper reports partial resultsfrom a project conducted in collaboration between mathematics and engineering at UniversidadIcesi, in Colombia. The project involves the Algebra and Functions, Linear Algebra, Calculus I,and Probability Theory (Statistics I) courses. The main objective of this project is to supportmathematics instructors in the process of improving student learning, by continuously reflectingon the effectiveness of the

Collection

2015 ASEE International Forum

Authors

Julia Ziyatdinova

,hydroelectric and atomic power engineering, space exploration and so on. Russianengineering has long lasting traditions, creativity,and inventive enthusiasmtogetherwith excellent educational programs, talented faculty, scientists, and engineers. Russian engineering education traditions are:  Integrated academics and research; Technical universities put emphasis on collaboration between scientific researchers and faculty, where high ranked and experienced scientists share their practical knowledge with future engineers through lectures and seminars, and faculty members are encouraged to participate in research activity in the field of their expertise. Such educational approach creates environment for a

Conference Session

Technological and Engineering Literacy/Philosophy of Engineering Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joakim Sigurd Wren, Linköping University, Sweden

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Technological and Engineering Literacy/Philosophy of Engineering

communication and other workplace skills as described in [18]. Writing togetherwith other students as well as to read and discuss others students’ texts are also considered tocontribute to strengthen writing ability. Only 3% see a strict peer-to-peer-review as way toimprove writing skills. Based on the teacher-student discussions and the discussions amongteachers, the author expected the students to be more positive to the cooperation within andbetween student groups. The reason for this will be investigated further.When the students’ responses are linked to the theories initially presented, concordance appears.Although the survey is limited, certain things are highlighted. It is valid for, among other things,the students’ awareness of need for this