Conference Session

FPD8 -- Introductory Courses

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Steven Lehr, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University; Christopher Grant, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University-Prescott

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

was a better way after he had reflected upon his own work.“I had a great time programming my game. I also had a great time showing it to myfriends.” Azden C 2004.” Some of the students get a bit obsessed with the code theydeveloped, and spend hours on hours developing a big program. In fact one student whowas almost failing, and could not get an idea for a project, and I asked him what he liked,Brian liked baseball. He went on to write a 2000 line of code C program that played abaseball game. Reading batting averages and pitcher ERA’s from files and computingrandom hits based on the hitters average, slugging percentage, and the pitchers ERA.“When this end of semester project was assigned to me my first reaction was fear, completelygut

Conference Session

How to Effectively Teach Using Teams

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Shashi Nambisan, Iowa State University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

3.4 3.8 4Maximum 4 4.0 4 Note: Survey responses were on a scale of 0 to 4. A response of 0 indicates “No, not at all” and 4 indicates “Yes, a lot.”The Team Performance survey also required each student to provide confidential quantitativescores for each member of the team to reflect each person’s contributions to the team’s activities.In general, there was consistency among team members evaluation of each other’s contributionsto the team’s activities. Respondents with poor “scores” on the survey regarding effectiveness ofteams also had poor scores on “individual performance” surveys. Thus, a direct correlation isnoted on student responses

Conference Session

Graduate Student Experiences

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Anderson Prewitt, University of Florida; Wanda Eugene, Auburn University; Shaundra Daily, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

Technology and African American Studies (2006) from George Mason University.Shaundra Daily, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Shaundra Bryant Daily is a doctoral candidate at the MIT Media Laboratory, working in the Affective Computing Group. Her main interests include the design of technological tools to enable reflection on attitudes, beliefs, and values. She holds a Bachelor (2001) and Master (2003) of Science in Electrical Engineering from the Florida Agricultural and Mechanical-Florida State University College of Engineering. She recently finished a Master of Science (2005) degree at the Media Laboratory where she designed and evaluated interfaces to support affective development through

Conference Session

New Models for Teaching and Learning

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Malgorzata Zywno, Ryerson University; Mary Frances Stewart

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

learners may result in poor achievement, increased dropout ratesand a loss of diversity among future engineers that would greatly benefit the profession. Hesuggests a balanced teaching style addressing a wide range of learner preferences as mosteffective1, 2. In 1988 Felder developed, with help of psychologist Linda Silverman, a learningmodel that focuses on aspects of learning styles particularly significant in engineering education2,3 . The model classifies characteristics of the learners along four bipolar dimensions: Perception(Sensing-Intuitive), Input (Visual-Verbal), Processing (Active-Reflective) and Understanding(Sequential-Global). The Felder-Soloman Index of Learning Styles (ILS), a psychometricinstrument associated with the model, is

Conference Session

Sustainability & Environmental Issues

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Richter, Virginia Tech; Sean McGinnis, Virginia Tech; Maura Borrego, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

questions, the pre-course Page 12.263.5survey also included an affective domain question on student motivation for taking this particularcourse. Additional affective domain questions on the post-course survey included questionsrelating to homework, reading, etc. and reflective questions about the course and personalimpact. According to Bloom’s Taxonomy, cognitive questions test knowledge and mental skills,whereas affective questions ask about attitudes, feelings, and emotions.7The responses on the pre- and post-course surveys were compiled and analyzed as follows. Forthe LCA content questions, a mini-rubric was developed to quantify the accuracy

Conference Session

Emerging Trends in Engineering Education Poster Session

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Shannon Davis, University of Arkansas; Carol Gattis, University of Arkansas; Edgar Clausen, University of Arkansas

, and concept and content-based.Program Objectives 1. Participating science teachers experience hands-on lab activities that are objective- centered and experiment-oriented. 2. Participating science teachers incorporate new hands-on laboratory activities learned during the Summer Institute and Follow-Up Activities to better plan for student learning. 3. As a result of participation in the Partnership Program, science teachers will change their classroom practices so that student performance in science is increased.Research Base The literature in our research base reflects professional development needs of highly-qualified teachers and the instructional strategies that best address student learning needs

Conference Session

The Critical First Year in Engineering Education

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Linda Lindsley, Arizona State University; Veronica Burrows, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

encourage design process thinking, not to find a “right” answer, that goal wasaccomplished in the alpha test. Most students spent time explaining their design process for eachsection and “rethinking” that process in the later sections after reading the “expert” solutions.Though this study captured design process thinking from only a single problem, it showed thatthe students learned new skills from the online interactive text, even though they had both beeninstructed in these skills in class and produced an assignment covering the same basic material.When asked to reflect on their learning, each participating student stated at least one aspect ofthe process that they had not been explicitly aware of prior to the completion of this chapter ofthe

Conference Session

Improving ME Education: Trends in Mechanical Engineering I

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephen McClain, Baylor University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

associated with Dr. Evil’s Secret Lair Facility.The students, in groups of three, were asked to design the boiler, one air-handling unit, and thepiping system; select an appropriate pump; and perform a Hardy-Cross system simulation toverify system operation.The project assignment for ME 455 is different from the project assignments in the basicengineering science courses in that it is divided into a letter from a fictional company and adesign packet. This division reflects the fact that most senior-level engineering studentsunderstand the importance of their design classes and their relationship to their future practice.Most senior-level students do not require fictional pretenses to engage them with their designprojects. The letter with fictional

Conference Session

1553 FPD3 - Computer & Programming Tools in First Year Instruction

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Illig, Clarkson University; John Hrynuk, Clarkson University; Matthew Pennington, Clarkson University; John P. Dempsey, Clarkson University

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

the grading system used in the course.Several students commented in the “short answer” on quizzes and exams that they felt there were“obscure references” to the textbook present in some questions. This may be more reflective ofthe number of students who did not use the textbook than an actual problem with quiz and examquestions.15 Students also felt that some quiz and exam questions were “poorly worded,” but theydid not provide examples nor did they point out these problems at the time that the given quiz orexam was presented.5. Overview of Changes for Spring 2008 Based on Student Feedback from Spring 2007Several changes were made for the Spring 2008 offering of ES100 based on student feedbackfrom Spring 2007. Budgetary constraints prevented

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Curriculum Innovation

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Greg Waidley, University of Wisconsin - Madison; Jason Bittner, University of Wisconsin - Madison

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

courses in calculus and oneeach in economics and probability. The requirement for two courses in calculus appears to beunique to MIT and likely reflects MIT’s reputation as a leader in technical education. Dualdegrees are also an option with pairings available in MST/Master of Science in the Technologyand Policy Program, MST/Master of Science in Operations Research, and MST/Master of CityPlanning.Based on a preliminary review of the MIT program, it appears that the second option, where astudent is able to build a broader understanding of transportation and the disciplines involved, ismore likely to develop the skills and perspective that are desirable of a well roundedtransportation professional. This is the type of professional an

Conference Session

Civil Engineering Teaching Part Two

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Steven Burian, University of Utah; William Johnson, University of Utah; Fred Montague, University of Utah; Arrin Holt, Cooper Roberts Simonsen Associates; Jim Nielson, Cooper Roberts Simonsen Associates; Rachel David, Cooper Roberts Simonsen Associates

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

feasibility and impact of the projects” ̇ “Yes, I felt I learned about specific environmental impacts of building projects that I have not heard from previous civil engineering professors” ̇ “The Biology prof. made the big picture of sustainability very clear” ̇ “Broadened project scope to include ideas that wouldn’t be considered otherwise” ̇ “Did open my eyes to different thoughts and priorities of the various instructors” Page 13.915.8In our opinion one of the key themes in the responses (and reflected in the selected responsesabove) is the ability to see the bigger picture given the multiple perspectives of

Conference Session

Student Recruitment and Retention

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jennifer VanAntwerp, Calvin College; Rachel Reed, Calvin College; Crystal Bruxvoort, Calvin College; Neil Carlson, Calvin College

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

personalexperiences and attributes among engineering students to influence retention among all students;of particular interest is retention of females, since this population of engineering students hasconsistently reflected higher attrition from the field of study. The role of context in thedevelopment of instruments for retention studies needs to be studied more thoroughly.For this work, we are developing a new survey instrument to explore the effects of context onengineering retention; this article describes the pilot test of the instrument. Seven factors relatedto retention, as reported in engineering education, science education, and educational psychologyliterature, were identified as relevant to measuring educational context and therefore selected

Conference Session

Distance Learning in ET

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Meral Anitsal, Tennessee Tech University; Ismet Anitsal, Tennessee Tech University; Ismail Fidan, Tennessee Tech University; Bonita Barger, Tennessee Tech University; Michael Allen, Tennessee Tech University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

Page 13.179.13 MHowever, the difficulty of managing final design projects was easily managed in on-groundCAD for Technology courses. Students have presented much better projects and results in theirworks. This was the result of their close interaction in classroom environment.ManagementFrom the Management instructors’ reflection of both on-ground and online narrative commentsaccompanying the IDEATM evaluations, student reactions were favorable in all cases. Students inthe on-ground classes commented on their relationship with the instructor more than the contentor delivery.This instructor found that she “enjoyed” teaching the on ground classes more as they were

Conference Session

The Pipeline

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tania Monterastelli, University of Maryland-Baltimore County; Taryn Bayles, University of Maryland-Baltimore County; Julia Ross, University of Maryland-Baltimore County

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

finally testing a solution.As a result of the restructured program, attendance has steadily grown through the years.Comments attained from both students and parents have reflected that the introduction of theweekly hands-on activities to supplement the guest lecturers has provided an enjoyable additionto each seminar.3In order to gather enrollment, letters were sent to Science, Technology, Engineering andMathematics (STEM) high school coordinators from Anne Arundel, Howard, Harford, QueenAnne’s, Baltimore, and Carroll counties, as well as the City of Baltimore, inviting them tonominate students (teachers and parents are also welcome) for the program. To help keep allparticipants connected to the program, a website4 was created to provide updated

Conference Session

Issues in the Professional Practice of Faculty Members in Civil Engineering

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Allen Estes, California Polytechnic State University; Brent Nuttall, California Polytechnic State University; Cole McDaniel, California Polytechnic State University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

is a healthy mix of researchers, practitioners andthose who could qualify as either – faculty members with both a Ph.D. and significant industryexperience. While faculty members are expected to develop professionally and pursue scholarlyactivities, the major focus is on teaching and the teaching loads reflect that emphasis.III. Benefits of a Dual Tenure Track SystemTable 1 indicates that the benefits of hiring practitioners should manifest themselves in areassuch as solving engineering problems, designing systems, understanding problems in a globaland societal context, lifelong learning and functioning on interdisciplinary teams. The Body ofKnowledge II committee has produced the draft follow-on revision to the BOK and has proposed28

Conference Session

Sustainability and Engineering Courses

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Curtis Larimer, University of Pittsburgh; Michaelangelo Tabone, University of Pittsburgh; Matthew Mehalik, University of Pittsburgh; Kim Needy, University of Pittsburgh

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

, graduate students andundergraduate students.A detailed project evaluation plan has been developed consisting of both assessment of thevarious outcomes associated with the project goals as well as an overall evaluation of thestudents who have participated in the program. A host of assessment tools will be utilized suchas rubrics and reflective journals, the specifics are too detailed for discussion in this paper. Toaddress the larger, overall success of the project, the number of students who participate in theprogram and go on to matriculate into either a graduate program or the workforce will betracked. The academic performance of each student will also be investigated after they completethe program.This paper discusses the challenges with

Collection

2008 GSW

Authors

James B. Farison; Zhuocheng Yang

37 individualprogram ratings for 2008 from Table 1 are also shown graphically in Figure 1. This graphreflects the published ratings range from 4.5 to 3.0, noted previously. It also reflects the ratingties, appearing as horizontal segments due to their equal ratings. The “flattening” of the curve isa critical property of the data, and is explored further in the subsequent analysis.Figure 1 and the subsequent Ratings graph groupings of programs in Figures 2-9 have a verticalscale that results in higher ratings appearing higher on the vertical scale. Specifically, Figures 2-9 provide that rating data graphically for the six years (2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008)for equally rated sets of these 37 programs, grouped according to the 2008

Conference Session

Information Technologies Classroom Instruction

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert MacDonald, Purdue University; Raheel Malik, Whirlpool Corp.; Anthony Smith, Purdue University; James Goldman, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Information Systems

protocol, wireless distribution system, and the classic wirednetwork.1. IntroductionThe introduction of wireless networking has allowed people the freedom to access networks,including the Internet, from almost any location. This fact has been reflected, in part, by a surgein laptop sales over the recent years. Vice president of Gartner’s worldwide computingplatforms, Charles Smulders, states that “Consumers are flocking to notebooks because of lowerprices, better performance, and an increased appreciation for wireless technologies.”5 Theincreased appreciation here stems from the transparently bridging technologies. According to anengineer at Qualcomm, “One of the fundamental design goals for 802.11 is to provide servicesthat are consistent

Conference Session

Successful K-12 Programs for Girls & Minorities

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Regina Middleton, University of Massachusetts, Amherst; Shelly Perdomo, University of Massachusetts Amherst

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

accounting for this success? What are someof the challenges that we continue to face? This paper will discuss accomplishments andchallenges faced by institutions seeking to outreach to underrepresented constituencies.IntroductionThe under representation of women in the field of engineering is not a new phenomenon toresearch. The imbalance of men and women appears most dramatically in computer science,information technology and engineering [1]. In the case of Massachusetts, “with respect togender, the state reflects the national trends with 58% of young adults in college comprised ofwomen. However, on a national scale only 12% of students choosing to major in computerscience/IT were women, while in the state of Massachusetts this was 9%” [2]. “In

Conference Session

Successful K-12 Programs for Girls & Minorities

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bruce Gehrig, University of North Carolina at Charlotte; Deborah Sharer, University of North Carolina at Charlotte; Stephen Kuyath, University of North Carolina at Charlotte; Anthony Brizendine, University of North Carolina at Charlotte

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

high school NCJETS summer camps. Prior to the workshops, workshop materials willbe revised to reflect the feedback and results generated for the recently completed 2007 workshop. As aproof-of-concept project, the TECT project will be evaluated to determine its potential effectiveness andlong-term viability. If the workshop proves effective, strategies for expanding the project and developingits sustainability after NSF funding has expired will be explored. However, pending the results, webelieve the integrated mix of diversity awareness based teacher and counselor professional developmenttraining and the summer engineering camps will provide a necessary foundation to increase the numberand diversity of students entering STEM related

Conference Session

New Ideas for ChEs I (aka ChE Potpourri)

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Christine Kelly, Oregon State University; Edith Gummer, Northwest Regional Education Laboratory; Philip Harding, Oregon State University; Milo Koretsky, Oregon State University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

correlation (ICC) is used to measure inter-rater reliability for more than tworaters. ICC may be conceptualized as the ratio of between-groups variance to total variance.The inter-rater reliability for Question 1 among the three raters is reported in Table 4.Levels of inter-rater reliability range between 0 and 1.0. Reliability estimates in the range of0.70 are considered acceptable, and the levels for Question 1 on the Ion Exchange Laboratoryand Virtual Laboratory are within the acceptable range. The low level of correlation among theraters on the Heat Exchange Laboratory experience is somewhat problematic. It is not clear theextent to which the differences among the raters reflect variability in the student responses. It isbelieved these ratings

Conference Session

Project-Based Learning in ECE Education

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Albert Liddicoat, California Polytechnic State University; Jianbiao Pan, California Polytechnic State University; James Harris, California Polytechnic State University; Lynne Slivovsky, California Polytechnic State University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

measurements • select external components and interface to embedded system using product datasheets • exercise communication skills through preparing a proposal, writing final design reports, and presenting in class.In the laboratory students get an opportunity to design five embedded systems that meet aspecific set of system requirements. They first design a digital clock using the VHDL hardwaredescription language to implement a hardware-based design. Then they use a soft-core processorwith a hardware timer and a general purpose input/output peripheral module to design aninterrupt driven microcontroller implementation of the same digital clock system. The studentsare asked to reflect on the design process and analyze the hardware

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary and Liberal Education

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Matthew Heun, Calvin College; Steven VanderLeest, Calvin College

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

need to understand the effects of wind variability on turbineblade performance. Fluid mechanics will need to understand the impact that grid variations haveon generator performance. Solar power system engineers will need to have detailedunderstanding of both electrical engineering and heat transfer.To be sure, there are many places where engineers already work today across disciplinaryboundaries; recent calls for change in engineering education reflect this reality (see below). Thepoint here is that there will be no letup in the need for talented multidisciplinary engineers in thefuture. In fact, that need will accelerate. Narrow specialists are out. Specialists with broadknowledge of all engineering disciplines are in. Need liberal arts

Conference Session

Innovative K-12 Engineering Programs

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Elisabeth McGrath, Stevens Institute of Technology; Susan Lowes, Teachers College, Columbia University; Peiyi Lin, Teachers College, Columbia University; Jason Sayres, Stevens Institute of Technology; Liesl Hotaling, The Beacon Institute; Rustam Stolkin, Stevens Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

students took over the projects.As noted above, time had been spent during the summer institutes discussing issues surroundinggroup work and this was reflected in the organization of the curriculum in the classroom. Whenasked if their experience with group work during the summer institute had led them to make anychanges in how they organized or facilitated their students' group work, nine of the ten teachersreported that they had done at least one (and generally most) of the following: reduced the size ofthe groups in the early challenges to allow for more students to engage in hands-on work;assigned roles so that all students had work to do; chose the group members carefully to balancepersonalities and academic strengths; and intervened quickly

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Design in the Classroom

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lisa McNair, Virginia Tech; Chad Newswander, Virginia Tech; Eloise Coupey, Virginia Tech; Ed Dorsa, Virginia Tech; Tom Martin, Virginia Tech; Marie Paretti, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

receivingfeedback from students and instructors, we extracted three categories of how groups are able toform in an effective and efficient manner. Once these classifications were selected, one authorcoded them and looked at class transcripts and interviews to determine what pedagogicalpractices were helpful in building coordination and communication among students. Theseselected categories were (1) desire to work in interdisciplinary groups, (2) manifestations ofgroup cohesion, and (3) the balance between structure and openness. The desire to work ininterdisciplinary groups reflected the promotion and applicability of each team’s project in theclassroom and work setting. Group cohesion was manifested by the ability of students to cometogether and produce

Conference Session

Thinking, Reasoning, and Engineering in Elementary School

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Augusto Macalalag, Stevens Institute of Technology; Susan Lowes, Teachers College/Columbia University; Mercedes McKay, Stevens Institute of Technology; Karen Guo, Teachers College/Columbia University; Elisabeth McGrath, Stevens Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

knowledge in specific science topics andengineering. This paper will focus on the data collected from teachers regarding thesecond goal of this project, which is improving the teachers’ notions of scientific inquiry.Future papers will focus on findings that will address the other goals.Each year of the PISA program focuses on a different science discipline withcorresponding technology and engineering lessons. The first year was devoted to life andenvironmental sciences, earth and space sciences this year, and physical sciences nextyear.During the two-week summer institute held in 2008, teachers learned earth and spacescience content through lectures, hands-on activities, field trips, webquests, collaborativework, reflections, model-based inquiry

Conference Session

Infusing Engineering Content Through Curricular Innovation

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Emily Wischow, Purdue University; Lynn Bryan, Purdue University; George Bodner, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

that the teachers planned to implement reflect the process of construct-centered design of lesson planning?These questions were addressed within the framework of previous research in lesson planningand professional development within the context of a summer professional development institute.ContextThis study was conducted based on lessons developed by teachers as the culminating project of atwo-week professional development institute in nanoengineering, science, and technology Page 14.1122.6conducted by the NCLT at Purdue University. Participants were teachers from all disciplines ofscience as well as high school engineering teachers

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship Education: Experiential Learning and Economic Development II

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniel Raviv, Florida Atlantic University; Moshe Barak, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Timothy VanEpps, Florida Atlantic University

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

Table 1: Module-activity-skill Relationship 73. “Short Course Modules” These types of modules are meant to deliver material that normallyneeds at least 15 hours of teaching and additional 15 hours for self learning, reflecting and practice. Theplan is to have two courses which will run during the second year of each cohort. The first course titled:Inventive and Innovative Problem Solving, focuses on teaching and fostering methods for inventiveand innovative thinking. Specifically systematic methodologies will be presented for thinking out-of-the-box based on well established literature and the cumulative experience of the authors. The followingtopics could be included in such a short course

Conference Session

Laboratories in Engineering Technology

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert Edwards, Pennsylvania State University, Erie; Gerald Recktenwald, Portland State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

Figure 11 – Installed Power Supply 12After all of the data is collected the students plot each of the curves. There are two types ofcomparisons the students are asked to make. First, the intersection of the fan and impedancecurves for the power supply is compared with the data for the actual operating point. Secondly,the fan curves for the series and parallel configurations are compared to theoretical curves. Thestudents are asked several reflection questions to try and make sense from the results.It is fairly obvious from the size of the flow bench that it is not easy to bring it into a classroomfor a short demonstration. Figure 12 shows a device

Conference Session

ASCE Policy 465: Raising the Bar

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kenneth Fridley, University of Alabama; Debra Larson, Northern Arizona University; Kevin Hall, University of Arkansas; Kevin Sutterer, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; James Alleman, Purdue University; Kenneth McManis, University of Louisiana; Jean-Pierre Bardet, University of Southern California; Brett Gunnink, Montana State University; George List, North Carolina State University; Roger Smith, Texas A&M University; Thomas Lenox, American Society of Civil Engineers

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

at LOA 5 – Synthesis - is not easily fulfilled by all current civil engineeringgraduates, so the response could merely reflect that some programs are skeptical that allgraduates have demonstrated an ability to design a complex system or process. The lowerresponse for that outcome in Table 1A could also be a function of the rubric specified. The rubricidentifies LOA5 - Synthesis as incorporating “realistic constraints such as economic,environmental, social, political, ethical, health and safety, manufacturability, and sustainability.”Some of the surveyed programs may not expect graduates to consider more than one constraintin their designs. Thus, the graduates may be able to “design a complex system or process to meetdesired needs,” but not