more likely to blame a lack of hard work or being treated unfairly.On the other hand, men were more likely to attribute success to their abilities, while the womenwere more likely to attribute success to outside help.Consistent with this finding, much of the research suggests that women’s persistence inengineering is tied to their self-efficacy in the field. Self-efficacy “refers to beliefs in one’scapabilities to organize and execute the courses of action required to produce givenattainments.”[5] This includes dimensions of confidence in one’s abilities, commitment to achosen path, and positive feedback with respect to accomplishments. It is based on anindividual’s perception, not always in agreement with an objective assessment, of
Task Value (TV) 4, 10, 17, 23, 26, 27Expectancy Components Control of Learning Beliefs (CLB) 2, 9, 18, 25 Self-Efficacy for Learning and Performance (SE) 5, 6, 12, 15, 20, 21, 29, 311 There are 31 questions within the motivation scale of the MSLQ.2.4. Data CollectionWe collected pre- and post-test surveys during the spring 2016 semester. The pre- and post-testsurveys were both administered through Qualtrics (Provo, UT), with the pre-test collectionoccurring during week eight of the semester, and the post-test collection occurring during week16. This pre- vs. post-test design allowed us to measure changes in students’ motivationorientation relative to
into groups. In Proceedings of Frontiers in Education Conference. Tempe, AZ, USA.4. Oakley, B., Felder, R. M., Brent, R., & Elhajj, I. (2004). Turning student groups into effective teams. Journal of Student Centered Learning, 2(1), 9-34.5. Marra, R.M., Rodgers, K.A., Shen, D., Bogue, B. (2009). Women engineering students and self-efficacy: A multi-year, multi-institution study of women engineering student self-efficacy. Journal of Engineering Education, 98, 27-38.6. Hutchison, M. A., Follman, D. K., Sumpter, M., Bodner, G. M. (2006). Factors influencing the self- efficacy beliefs of first-year engineering students. Journal of Engineering Education, 95, 39-47.7. Okudan, G.E., Horner, D., Bogue, B., & Devon, D. (2002). An
behavior during their first co-op term experiencesignificant impact on learning outcomes 9. Early socialization experiences, including social andcontent aspects, positively affect students’ non-technical skills 9 10. Studying the effects of co-opeducation before graduation will help educators and administrators understand student’s learningexperiences, especially the non-technical skills that participants build outside of the classroom.Co-op participants show increased self-efficacy, which is beneficial in sustaining academicperformance and persistence to graduation 11. Additionally, co-ops students report greatercertainty about career choice (increased career identity) and are more likely to get job related totheir major at graduation. Students
women from choosing STEMmajors and careers take shape early in a girl’s life. These factors include poor science identity,low self-efficacy in math, gender stereotypes and stereotype threat, lack of role models,misalignment between perception of STEM careers and personal values, and low interest inSTEM subjects. For example, VanLeuvan (2004) found that girls’ interest in math and sciencedropped by about 15% between middle and high school. Moreover, low confidence and self-efficacy in STEM subjects form as early as grade six (Heaverlo et al., 2013). Early interventionto mitigate negative influences can ultimately have an effect on a women’s choice to enterSTEM (Young, Ortiz, & Young 2017; Bieri Buschor, Berweber, Keck Frei, & Kappler
Page 23.7.3variety of engineering concepts. The students also are given pretests to evaluate their incomingknowledge and understanding of mathematics and physics concepts.Overall, the laboratory class and design project are intended to prepare students both for theiracademic endeavors in the upper level courses, as well as provide an early exposure of the designproject expectations in the department’s senior design course. Ultimately, the primary intent isto help the students with the journey of transformation from being an engineering student tobecome a practice engineer. Studies, which indicated factors that students associated with theirsense of self-efficacy, produced a list of influences that were given by more than 20% of
in anxiety levels from aninitial mean of 11.97 to 9.78 by the end of the semester (p < 0.001). Additionally, masterystudents showed significant improvements in self-efficacy in mastery, vicarious experience, andsocial persuasion (p = 0.005, 0.012, 0.018), which was not observed in the traditional group. Wecompared students' placement scores between two groups and found no significant difference inpreparedness (p-value=0.49). Despite the expectation that constant revisiting of topics in masterygraded sections would enhance retention and performance, there was no significant difference inperformance at the end of the semester (p-value=0.86). However, the final grade distributionsbetween the two groups indicated a considerable difference
alternative course better represents real world engineering.Initial Findings from 2015 cohortInitial analysis of the 2015 cohort has shown tentative gains on self-efficacy and identitymeasures for alternative over traditional course students, however with the inclusion of a finalquestion asking students to identify their prior programming background, race, and gender (anintuition about the importance of these categories came about from our qualitative researchfindings) we noticed that many more of the 14 students who had taken the survey from thetraditional course had no prior programming background, and had correspondingly lower self-efficacy responses on all measures. We intend to continue pursuing the analysis on the 2015cohort stratified by
).Table 6Comparison of Means for STEM Confidence by Gender and School Gender School M Participating 3.67 Girls Comparison 3.61 Participating 3.84 Boys Comparison 3.35Our last two attitude scales examined student STEM self-efficacy. Exploratory factor analysisindicated that our self-efficacy items measured two dimensions: math and science self-efficacy;and engineering and technology self-efficacy. Math and science efficacy were measured using a4-item scale (α = .77) with responses ranging from 1 (not at all) to 4 (almost all of
together during various mini projects in-class and duringthe “Independent Study” lab sessions. The mentor/tutor worked with faculty members andstudents to identify topics that were considered to be difficult and reviewed them during theselabs as well. Students were also given the opportunity to study for courses that were not part ofthe SUCCEEd program.Measures of Impact, Preliminary Results and DiscussionAs a part of the SUCCEEd program, we wished to assess both student achievement and otherfactors that may contribute to student success in the program. Achievement was measured viastudents’ grades, tests and quizzes results, and project results. The college self-efficacy (CSE),which refers to the students’ belief that they can succeed in college
, andcollaborative learning. Owolabi et al [1] described experimental-centric pedagogy as aninstructional approach emphasizing hands-on, experiential learning to enhance studentengagement and understanding. It involves active participation in experiments, problem-solving,and real-world applications, aiming to foster critical thinking, creativity, and practical skills. Thisis one of the emerging active learning strategies that have received national and internationalrecognition for its impact on learner’s motivation, self-efficacy, and cognitive development [2],[3], [4].Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics education requires a deep understanding of thephysical and natural aspects of existence, living organisms, and intricate biological processes
understandFirst Year Engineering Experience (FYEE) Conference August 6-8, 2017, Daytona Beach, FL W1A-2 Session W1A STUDY DESIGN Issues with Response Shift BiasTo understand the students understanding of their change in Most qualitative measures of global preparedness orglobal preparedness through the EWB Challenge project, the awareness are by nature, self-efficacy, which may call intostudents were asked to undertake the
engineering program: women, who are 34% of ourparticipants, non-White and non-Asian students, 13% of our participants, and studentsof lower socioeconomic status, 17% of our students. I. Social BelongingThe need for a feeling of social belonging is vital, and the search for belonginginfluences many behaviors [1]. A feeling that students belong in school has positivecorrelations with academic self-efficacy [2], and this sense of belonging correlates tobehaviors like active engagement in class and seeking assistance outside theclassroom [3]. A feeling that students belong in school might be the most importantvariable influencing their achievement at school [2].Student retention rates increase when students are
Year EngineeringStudents” in 2018 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE), San Jose, CA, USA, 2018, pp.1-8, doi: 10.1109/FIE.2018.8659311.[13] M.L. Riggs, J. Warka, B. Babasa, R. Betancourt, S. Hooker. “Development and validation ofself-efficacy and outcome expectancy scales for job-related applications,” Educational andPsychological Measurement, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 793–802, 1994, doi:10.1177/0013164494054003026[14] A.R. Carberry, H.S. Lee, M.W. Ohland. “Measuring engineering design self-efficacy,”Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 99, no. 1, pp. 71-79, 2010, doi: 10.1002/j.2168-9830.2010.tb01043.x.[15] D.B. Yarbrough, L.M. Shulha, R.K. Hopson, F.A. Caruthers, The program evaluationstandards: A guide for evaluators and evaluation
-efficacy to practice sustainable engineering, were foundsignificant. These three constructs were used as a basis for developing a revised instrument.The second version of the survey is geared towards measuring students' motivation to practicesustainable engineering. The thirty-five survey questions comprising the second instrument arestructured in an Expectancy Value Theory framework in the domain of sustainable engineering,comprised of self-efficacy, motivation, and affect27,28. The quantitative assessment survey wasintended to be administered after the qualitative instrument. It is comprised of several sections.The revised survey takes about five minutes to complete and opens with a consent form,institution attending, and code name for linkage
Affective/Non- Measure of student experience, interest, self-efficacy, or similar, typically Cognitive using a survey Achievement or Measure of factual, conceptual knowledge or of practices, including Learning standardized examsQuantitative methods Disaggregation Compares sub groups (male/female; White/nonwhite students, etc.) Control or Compares an experiential or intervention group top a control or Compare comparison group Pre Includes a pre-test Post Includes a post-testDelayed Post test Includes a delayed post-testQualitative Methods Details how analysis was done, such as by coding data or interaction Analysis analysis
perspectives of caregiversthemselves. This study explored experiences and shifts in caregiver perceptions of shifts withinthemselves and their children through participation in an out-of-school home-based engineeringprogram. Data were derived from post-program interviews with over 20 participating caregiversfrom three years of the program. Results illuminate various experiences and shifts in caregiverself-perception and understanding of their children’s learning and development. Specifically,these shifts included enhanced self-reflection and introspection, positive shifts in caregiverinteractions with children, and observed increases in self-efficacy and complex thinking withinchildren. Findings contribute to a growing body of knowledge of family
ofstudy.Influences upon the Choice of Major DecisionSocial cognitive career theory (SCCT) as proposed by Lent et al.5 hypothesizes that behavior(choice of career) is a function of the dynamic interplay between beliefs and environmentalconditions. General social cognitive theory suggests that self-efficacy beliefs determine whetheran action will be pursued, how much effort will be given to that pursuit, the persistence in theface of obstacles and ultimately the performance level of the action.6 In 1996, Lent, Brown andHackett,7 proposed a concentric model of environmental layers that surround the person andform the context for his or her career behavior. Furthermore, a person with interest in a particularcareer path is unlikely to pursue that path if the
, sustainability, and professional identity as well as multiple demographic items.The survey also included affective measures assessing self-efficacy, task value, belonging, andjob values that may play a role in mediating how students develop their views of sustainability orsense of social responsibility and global citizenship during their undergraduate years. Table 1: Characteristics of the Study Population Women Men Total Total 164 235 399 Type of Major Business 54 32 86 Education
[Portions of this paper in the review of the literature and research design have been reprintedfrom the 2016 ASEE Poster Session Papers, which provide preliminary material for the reader.]1There is a growing national concern over decreases in science achievement in middle and highschool. Paired with it are challenges associated with workforce declines in STEM-relatedcareers. In response, in a recent PCAST report2 recommendations for recruitment of scienceand engineering students and corresponding recommendations for increased attention to strategicSTEM-related instruction and teacher professional development have emerged. A significantchallenge facing urban science teachers is a low sense of self-efficacy in teaching STEMcontent.3 Additionally, a
AC 2012-3218: ELICITING STUDENTS’ INTERPRETATIONS OF ENGI-NEERING REPRESENTATIONSDr. Adam R. Carberry, Arizona State University Adam R. Carberry is an Assistant Professor in the College of Technology and Innovation, Department of Engineering at Arizona State University. He earned a B.S. in materials science engineering from Alfred University, and received his M.S. and Ph.D., both from Tufts University, in chemistry and engineering education respectively. His research interests include student conceptions, engineering epistemological beliefs, self-efficacy, and service-learning.Dr. Ann F. McKenna, Arizona State University, Polytechnic Ann F. McKenna is Chair of the Department of Engineering and the Department of
are unrelated to pastacademic achievement and ability, but are instead cultural, social, and psychological impediments thatresult from students’ experiences within STEM programs and society at large (see Godwin et al., 2016 &Steenbergen-Hu et al., 2018). The construct of Identity has become one of the most useful tools forunderstanding and assessing the experiences of students from underrepresented groups withinundergraduate and graduate STEM programs. Indeed, a strong STEM identity has been shown to bepowerfully related to a students’ interest in STEM fields, beliefs about their own capabilities withinSTEM (i.e., self-efficacy), and motivation to persist to graduation (Collins, 2018). However, research hasalso shown that incompatibility
bondswith the community at an early age.Role models and their representationsThe feeling of isolation, balancing an engineering career with family life, academicdissatisfaction, and lack of minority role models on campuses can reduce representation. Thereis a need for equitable access of students to role models of similar gender and race. Most femalesindicated that encouragement and validation from someone like them can help build theirengineering confidence and level of self-efficacy. College administrators should seek diversefaculty to reflect the student body and to encourage/motivate an increase in femalerepresentation.Quality Teachers with engineering knowledgeThe participating students emphasized the need for early exposure to engineering via
design and directinterventions addressing the mechanisms that seem to be disconnecting ability and interest inSTEM careers.Social cognitive career theory suggests that self-efficacy and expectancy-value are criticalfactors in an individual’s career choice and persistence.7 Self-efficacy is a person’s belief in theirability to complete tasks and affect events that impact their lives.8 Expectancy-value theoriescomplement self-efficacy theories in the investigation of a larger social cognitive model forcareer aspirations and persistence. Expectancy-value theories posit that individuals regularlyassess the likelihood of attaining specific goals and the value they would gain or lose from suchattainment.9, 10 How self-efficacy in traditional academic
provides a platform for students to identify real-worldchallenges and devise innovative solutions, fostering a sense of self-efficacy. Students’ sense ofbelonging, psychological safety, and decision-making processes about their future often alignwith their interests and curiosity, but anxiety can negatively influence these perceptions. Anxietycan affect children’s strategic behavior by discouraging them from choosing advanced strategiesand methods or even considering such options in the first place. Prior research efforts ininvention education have focused on intent to persist in STEM, attitudes towards STEM,inventor identity, teamwork, and collaboration skills, but further research is needed to explorehow to cultivate confidence and minimize
]. These brain cells are the building blocks for core human spatial reasoning and thought. Thenotion that learning and memory are neurobiological processes provides opportunities to explorehow pedagogical techniques might harness these known neurological processes to create andretrieve new (geospatial) thinking patterns in STEM education. Learning is possible because thebrain creates memories through altering the synaptic connections between specific neurons,stores them in connected ensembles of neurons, and retrieves them by reactivating those sameneurons and connections [23].A recipe for nurturing spatial literacy as a 4-step process includes self-efficacy, context, scaleand pedagogy [16]. First, self-efficacy (i.e., gender, experience, age
assessing attitude toward cooperative learning; 30 items came from asurvey used at the University of Pittsburgh12 to assess attitudes toward engineering, efficacy in engineering,self-assessed study skills, and problem-solving ability; 57 items came from an instrument assessing self-efficacy and career indecision13 and included the following factors: goal selection, planning, problem-solving, occupational information, and self-appraisal. The item formats were 4, 6, and 8 point rating scalesand descriptive type questions. In addition to the above, the students were asked to define engineering, and toassess their confidence in the related academic areas of calculus, physics, chemistry, writing, speaking, andcomputers. In the second instrument
in response to thestudents’ journal entries. Section 5 presents and discusses survey data collected from thestudents on the relative usefulness of the remediation measures. Finally, Section 6 includesconclusions taken from the work.2. Program Description and Cohort DemographicsThe SPIRIT Program (Scholarship Program Initiative via Recruitment, Innovation andTransformation) at WCU, funded by the National Science Foundation, aims to provide assistanceto academically gifted and financially needy students who are seeking degrees in engineering orengineering technology in the host department. The program7 promotes student self-efficacy andretention through intensive mentoring by four program directors, undergraduate research withfaculty guidance
tasks are generallygood predictors of subsequent performance on those tasks 27 and are positively correlated withdifferent identity-related constructs like attainment value and identification. 28 Consequently,self-efficacy or other perceptions of competence for performing engineering tasks seems apotentially important outcome for capstone design in terms of both performance and identitydevelopment.Discussion and ImplicationsAs the results above indicate, students in this study described outcomes from the capstone designexperience that align with various facets of their identity as engineers. Their sense of enteringinto a community as colleagues represents an interpersonal component, in which experiencedengineers recognize them as engineers. The
simplicity of the modeland the potential for learning. Some of the participants indicated the benefit of “having thephysical experience” and “looking at if it was stretching or compressing.” Other participantsexpressed what they observed while working with the physical manipulative such as “I can takemy work from paper to real life,” “I can see the effects of forces at different points,” and “I canlook for deformation and I can feel confident assuming directions using the model.” The latterhas large potential impacts upon self-efficacy for those who crave a visual confirmation of whatthey analytically prove. One of the participants mentioned that “it took me going throughmultiple homework problems to figure out what I could figure out here in just a